热处理对Cu-Cr(-Zr)合金力学性能和导电性能的影响

制备了Cu Cr和Cu Cr Zr二种合金板材 ,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金的显微组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明 ,在本实验条件下 ,Cu 0 .5Cr合金经 960℃ ,1h固溶和 450℃ ,2 0h时效后 ,抗拉强度为363MPa,屈服强度为 2 74MPa ,延伸率为 2 2 % ,电导率达 81 %IACS ;添加微量Zr到Cu 0 .5Cr合金中 ,在不降低合金延伸率情况下 ,合金强度可提高 50MPa,但电导率降低约 1 0 %IACS。     

Si、Cu和热处理工艺对Al-Si合金电导率的影响

通过电导率测量、金相观察、扫描电镜分析和X射线衍射分析,研究了Si含量、Cu含量和热处理工艺对Al-Si系铸造合金晶格常数和电性能的影响规律。结果表明:Si和Cu元素的添加会减小合金的电导率;当Si含量超过固溶极限后,Si含量的变化对晶格畸变程度影响不大,合金的电导率受Si相的体积百分数控制;而Cu在固溶极限内时,随其含量的增加,晶格畸变程度增大,合金的电导率可根据铝基体晶格常数的偏离量来评估;经过450℃,5 h+250,2 h热处理工艺,晶格畸变程度明显降低,合金的电导率有明显提高,增幅最高可达32%。     

交流电场作用下铝硅共晶合金凝固组织和力学性能的变化

电场下的凝固是控制金属凝固组织和制造具有特殊性能新型材料的一种新途径。研究交流电场对Al-Si共晶合金凝固组织的影响,以及对其力学性能的影响。通过试验分析Al-Si共晶合金Si的形貌、Si相间距、Si片的线长度、抗拉强度和硬度。试验结果表明:在Al-Si共晶合金凝固过程中施加交流电场,Al-Si共晶合金的凝固组织得到细化;共晶Si质点增加,共晶Si由原来的针片状演化成细小的针状,合金力学性能得到了改善;在通入适当数值的电流后Al-Si共晶合金能够获得最佳的抗拉强度和硬度。     

形变热处理对Cu-Ag-Cr和Cu-Ag-Zr合金组织和性能的影响

采用中频熔炼-铁模铸造-热轧-固溶-冷轧-时效处理工艺,制备了Cu—Ag-Cr和Cu—Ag-Zr两种合金板材。通过拉伸力学性能测试、电导率测试、金相和透射电子显微镜观察,研究了固溶-预冷变形-时效对加入微量Cr、Zr的Cu—Ag合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明：在Cu—Ag合金中添加微量Cr和Zr,能显著地提高铜银合金的力学性能,添加Cr时,电导率有-定降低,而添加Zr时,电导率没有明显变化;两种合金较好的形变热处理工艺为时效前进行30％冷变形,然后在450℃下时效4h,在此工艺条件下Cu—Ag-Cr合金的抗拉强度、伸长率、相对电导率分别为397MPa、16．8％和78％IACS,Cu—Ag-Zr合金的抗拉强度、伸长率、相对电导率分别为373MPa、10％和96％IACS;形变热处理能够显著提高研究合金的力学性能而不明显降低电导率,微量Cr、Zr以Cr单质和Cu3Zr粒子的形式在基体中弥散析出,是合金强度提高的主要原因,而纯铜的基体仍使其具有较高的电导率。     

Al-Si中间合金对Al-Mg-Si系合金组织性能的影响

研究了Al-Si中间合金对Al-Mg-Si系铝合金组织性能的影响,并分析了Si的作用机理.结果表明:含18%Si的Al-Si中间合金对合金的铸态组织作用效果较好,并能合理改善材料的力学性能;随Al-Si中间合金中Si含量的增加,Al-Mg-Si系合金的耐腐蚀性下降,Si含量高于18%后下降显著;Al-Si中间合金中Si含量的增加,能提高Al-Mg-Si系合金的抗拉强度,Si含量高于20%后其抗拉强度开始下降.     

合金元素在铝合金汽车结构件铸件的研究现状

汽车结构件常用铸造铝合金主要分为Al-Si系和Al-Mg系,综述了添加合金元素提高合金性能的常用手段。对于Al-Si系铸造铝合金,Si不仅可以提高铸造性能,还可以抑制针状Al_5FeSi相的形成;Mg和Cu是主要的强化元素,可以形成Mg2Si相、Al_2Cu相和Q-Al_5Cu2Mg8Si6相;Mn和Mo主要抑制针状富铁相生成;V、Ti和Zr可以细化晶粒,从而提高力学性能。对于Al-Mg系铸造铝合金,当Si含量较高时,如Magsimal誖-plus(Al Mg6Si2MnZr)合金,Mg2Si相为主要强化相,为了避免针状富铁相的生成,Fe含量要求极低;当Fe含量较高时,如Castaduct誖-42(Al Mg4Fe2)合金,主要依靠Mg元素固溶在Al基体,并形成Al-Fe共晶相提高合金强度,Si元素为杂质元素,可以减少针状Al-Fe-Si相的生成。     

Sr变质对Al-Si合金组织中铁相形貌影响的研究

研究了Sr变质对不同Fe含量(0.18%、0.50%、0.95%、1.10%、2.0%和3.0%)ZL102合金组织和性能的影响.结果发现,加入0.12%Sr时,在Fe含量为0.18%,0.50%的合金中出现细小的针状Fe相(β-Al0.5Fe3Si.5),对合金力学性能影响不大;而在Fe含量为0.95%、1.10%、2.0*A和3.0%的合金中,针状Fe相变得粗大,使合金力学性能下降较快.Sr元素对Fe相具有碎裂与溶解作用,Fe相被分解成许多小段,使合金力学性能有一定提高,但不能完全中和高含Fe量对Al-Si合金力学性能的有害影响.     

Si含量和热处理制度对铸造Al-Si合金组织和性能的影响

为提高铸造Al-Si合金的力学性能,研究了Si含量和热处理制度对Al-Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Si含量、固溶冷却介质、固溶温度、时效时间、时效温度对Al-Si合金硬度的影响依次减小。Al-Si合金的最优Si含量及热处理制度为Si含量12%,480 ℃固溶120 min,盐溶液冷却及175 ℃时效90 min。随着Si含量的增加,Al-Si合金硬度和抗拉强度提升;但当Si含量超过共晶点时,方块状初生硅相析出,易形成应力集中使得合金强度降低,断裂方式由韧性断裂变为解理断裂。铸态Al-Si合金中共晶硅为长针状,经最优工艺热处理后,长针状转变为短棒或颗粒状,共晶硅更加分散,在拉伸过程中应力集中减少,位错运动阻力增加,使得Al-Si 合金的力学性能提高。     

Si、Cu、Mg元素对ZL101合金电导率和力学性能的影响

采用正交试验方法研究了合金元素Si、Cu、Mg加入量对铸造铝合金电导率与力学性能的影响.结果表明,Si改善合金抗拉强度,但Si作为半导体,严重地减少铝基体的有效导电截面,故而降低合金导电性;Cu和Mg明显提高合金的强度,但其固溶在铝基体中,使得基体晶格畸变增加,电子波的散射几率增加,因而降低合金导电性.经T6处理后,合金的电导率和力学性能得到进一步改善提高.     

合金成分和热处理对高强高导铜合金性能的影响

采用正交试验方法,研究了合金成分和热处理工艺对铜合金性能的影响.试验表明,Ni和Si元素的质量比对合金硬度和电导率的影响非常大.当二者质量比为5时,对合金电导率的影响较小,且强化效果较好.同时固溶、时效、冷锻也对性能有明显影响.试验所研制的高强高导铜合金兼有较好的力学性能和电学性能,硬度(HB)和电导率分别达到181和24.94 MS/m.     

Effect of minor Zr and Sc on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Cr–V alloys

The effects of minor contents of Zr and Sc on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Cr–V alloy were studied. The results show that the effects of minor Zr and Sc on the as-cast grain refinement in the ingots, the improvement in the strength of the as-extruded alloys and the restriction of high angle grain boundaries in the aged alloys can be sorted as Al₃Sc>Al₃(Zr,Sc)>Al₃Zr. None of them could stop the nucleation of recrystallization, but Al₃(Zr,Sc) phase is a more effective inhibitor of dislocation movement compared to Al₃Sc in the aged alloys. Compared with the mechanical properties of the aged alloy added only 0.15% Sc, the joint addition of Zr and Sc to the alloy leads to a very slight decrease in strength with even no cost of ductility. Taking both the production cost and the little bad influence on mechanical properties into consideration, an optimal content of Zr and Sc in the Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Cr–V alloy to substitute 0.15% Sc is 0.13% Zr+0.03% Sc.     

Effect of alloying elements on mechanical properties in Cu-15%Cr in-situ composites

The effects of alloying elements on the mechanical properties as well as electrical conductivity in Cu-15% (mass fraction) in-situ composites were systemalically studied and high strength and high electrical conductive Cu base in-situ composites have been developed. The best combination is the addition of 0.1% to 0.2% Zr, Ti, or Sn in Cu-15%Cr in-situ composite, thermomechanical treatment to refine the microstructure and optimizing the precipitation of second phase. The strength is controlled by high density of dislocations in the Cu matrix, the lamellar spacing of the second phase, and the fine Cr precipitates. The aging treatment to reduce solute atoms has a beneficial effect on the increase of electrical conductivity. The addition of Zr, or Ti of about 0. 15% to 0.2% promotes the precipitation of Cr particles.     

Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr原位复合材料的组织与性能

采用冷变形+中间热处理方法制备Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr原位复合材料.这种Cr纤维原位强化复合材料的强度为1200 MPa,导电率为73%IACS.研究了不同应变量下材料的微观组织演变和力学性能.随应变量的增加,强度增加,Cr相形态由枝晶演变为细小丝带状.研究不同中间退火工艺对材料性能的影响,结果表明,通过冷变形及适当的中间热处理可获得强度和导电率的较好组合.     

复合添加Cr、Mn、Zr对Al-Zn-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察以及拉伸试验等手段,研究Cr、Mn、Zr微合金元素对Al-Zn-Mg合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:复合添加Zr、Mn、Cr在基体上析出大量不规则的、直径为10~20 nm与基体共格的(Al,Cr)₃Zr粒子。(Al,Cr)₃Zr粒子弥散相能强烈钉扎位错、阻碍位错和亚晶界迁移,显著抑制再结晶和晶粒长大。复合添加Zr、Mn、Cr的Al-Zn-Mg合金的抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度分别提高34 MPa、19 MPa,具有较好的加工性能和力学性能。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Sn合金的时效析出行为与性能

采用TEM对Cu-0.22Cr-0.05Zr-0.05Sn合金不同形变热处理状态微观组织的演变以及时效过程中析出相的状态进行研究,并以此解释形变热处理过程中合金力学性能和导电性能的变化.结果表明,合金中存在2种析出相,分别是Cr相和Cu4Zr相.其中Cr相在时效过程中分别经历了固溶体、GP区、脱溶并与基体共格以及长大;而Cu4Zr相则以早期Cr析出相为核伴随析出,与基体半共格.由于析出相尺寸很小,且分布较为均匀,使合金具有很强的时效强化效果,经940℃固溶1h后冷加工至变形率为96％并在400℃时效4h,合金的抗拉强度和电导率可分别达到400 MPa和84％IACS.对于该合金,时效温度是决定合金综合性能的关键,而时效时间对综合性能的影响并不显著.     

微合金化对Cu-15Cr原位复合材料组织和性能的影响

研究了合金元素Zr对Cu-15Cr原位复合材料微观组织、力学性能、导电性能及热稳定性的影响规律。用SEM和TEM分别观察了材料的微观组织演变和析出相形貌,测试了不同应变下材料的抗拉强度和导电率,测定了材料的抗软化温度。结果表明:Zr促进Cr的析出,保持了微合金化Cu-15Cr复合材料的导电性;添加少量Zr可使Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr的抗拉强度提高约15%;Zr的加入使复合材料的抗软化温度提高了50℃左右。     

Effect of thermomechanical treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag alloy

The effects of thermomechanical treatment on the properties and microstructure of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy and Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag alloy were investigated. Ag addition improves the mechanical properties of the alloy through solid solution strengthening and brings a little effect on the electrical conductivity of the alloy. A new Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag alloy was developed, which has an excellent combination of the tensile strength, elongation, and electrical conductivity reaching 476.09 MPa, 15.43% and 88.68% IACS respectively when subjected to the optimum thermomechanical treatment, i.e., solution-treating at 920°C for 1 h, cold drawing to 96% deformation, followed by aging at 400°C for 3 h. TEM analysis re-vealed two kinds of finely dispersed precipitates of Cr and Cu4Zr. It is very important to use the mechanisms of solid solution strengthening, work hardening effect as well as precipitate pinning effect of dislocations to improve tensile strength of the alloy without adversely affecting its electrical conductivity.     

Influence of Nitrogen Vacancy Concentration on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Rocksalt Zirconium Nitride Films

To study the influence of the nitrogen vacancy(V_N)on mechanical and electrical properties of zirconium nitride deeply,Zr N_x films with different V_N concentrations were synthesized on the Si(111)substrates by enhanced magnetic filtering arc ion plating.The morphologies,microstructures,residual stresses,compositions,chemical states,mechanical and electrical properties of the as-deposited films were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectrometry,Nanoindenter and Hall effect measurements.The results showed that Zr N_x films exhibited rocksalt single-phase structure within a V_N concentration ranging from 26 to 5%.The preferred orientation,thickness,grain size and residual stress of the Zr N_x films kept constant at different V_N concentrations.Both the nanohardness and elastic modulus first increased and then decreased with the decrease in V_N concentration,reaching the peaks around 16%.And the electric conductivity of the Zr N_x films showed a similar tendency with nanohardness.The underlying atomic-scale mechanisms of V_N concentration-dependent hardness and electric conductivity enhancements were discussed and attributed to the different electronic band structures,rather than conventional meso-scale factors,such as preferred orientation,grain size and residual stress.     

Ti12Zr10Si5Fe2Sn非晶合金的制备与力学性能

利用快速凝固法制备Ti12Zr10Si5Fe2Sn非晶合金条带,采用XRD、TEM、SEM及拉伸试验机等手段研究其组织结构和力学性能。结果显示：该非晶钛合金力学性能优良,其抗拉强度高达399 MPa,屈服应力为329 MPa,断裂延伸率为2.5%,弹性模量为39 GPa,较晶态金属更接近于人体骨的弹性模量,另外对其断口形貌进行观察分析。