腰轮转子建模与高速高精度加工研究与分析

建立了腰轮转子数字化实体模型;提出了在腰轮转子加工制造过程中,采用三次NURBS样条曲线插补替代通常的微直线拟合插补;研究了腰轮转子摆线段三次NURBS曲线插补算法;为了解决NURBS曲线自适应速度控制存在的速度冲击问题,采用S曲线加减速控制策略重新规划进给速度;应用MATLAB软件模拟摆线段三次NURBS样条曲线插补算法并与微直线拟合插补算法进行了比较;最后在数控机床上对三次NURBS样条曲线插补算法进行了数控加工验证并与微直线拟合插补算法进行了比较,结果证明NURBS样条曲线插补算法具有更快的速度和更高的精度。     

高速加工路径的空间曲线插补研究

当今自由曲面在高速加工中参数样条插补、NURBS插补等,涉及到很多相关的算法。插补的几种方法进行了简单介绍,分析了它们的应用特点。在高速加工中精度的要求,而且还缩短了插补计算的时间。口工中,经常使用到空间曲线插补方法。空间曲线的插补方法有很多,如直线插补、其中,三次参数样条和NURBS曲线是广泛应用的插补曲线。这篇论文对空间曲线特别针对NURBS插补的应用特点进行研究,NURBS插补不仅保证空间自由曲线     

用于加工弧面凸轮轮廓曲面的NURBS插补方法

在分析弧面凸轮轮廓曲面上加工刀痕产生的原因,以及对分度机构性能影响的基础上,提出了用NURBS样条插补凸轮从动件运动规律曲线的思想方法.通过对NURBS样条插补改进算法的深入分析,得出了进一步校正满足加工步长条件的NURBS样条参数增量的算式.同时对插补前弧面凸轮从动件运动规律曲线的修正、NURBS插补误差和插补过程的实现进行了计算与分析.结果表明,采用文中给出的方法,能显著提高弧面凸轮轮廓面的加工精度.     

自由曲面加工中NURBS曲线的插补实现

针对复杂型面零件的高精度曲面加工,传统上应用直线、圆弧和螺旋线等插补。由于曲面轮廓离散成大量微段直线或圆弧来加工,这不仅使编程复杂、代码量膨胀,而且不可避免地带来逼近误差,影响零件的加工精度、表面粗糙度和生产效率。提出一种NURBS曲线的实时插补算法,它基于NURBS曲线的参数表示法来求出优化的曲线参数,实现了NURBS曲线高速、高精度加工的插补控制。试验的结果表明,这种插补方法是有效的。     

基于NURBS曲线拟合的微段高速自适应加工算法

为了满足加工精度的要求,消除以微小直线段离散化自由曲线加工路径的微段加工方式的加工程序量过大和需要频繁加减速的两大弊病,实现微小直线段的高速平滑加工,提出了带权因子和一阶导数约束的NURBS曲线最小二乘逼近算法,并在此基础上给出了基于NURBS曲线拟合的微段平滑加工算法。该微段平滑加工算法将离散的微段数据点拟合成一条NURBS曲线并将其作为新的加工路径,然后利用NURBS曲线实时插补,从而实现微小直线段的平滑加工。验证结果表明,该算法使加工更平滑和高效。     

基于量子框架的高速高精度NURBS插补器研究

研究了高速高精度NURBS曲线插补算法,提出了一种基于量子框架软件总线结构的嵌入式数控系统,以NURBS曲线高速高精度插补器活动对象为例研究了活动对象构建方法。最后通过螺旋转子摆线段加工实验验证了所提出理论和算法的正确性。     

基于NURBS最小二乘逼近的微段平滑加工算法

在微段加工方式下,通常需要借助CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing,计算机辅助)软件的后置处理将连续的加工路径离散化为大量微小直线段,并生成数控程序,数控系统则根据由微小直线段组成的加工路径进行插补和加工。但是,该方式具有加工程序量过大和需要频繁加减速来满足加工精度要求的两大不足。因此,为了实现微小直线段的高速平滑加工,提出了带权因子和一阶导数约束的NURBS曲线最小二乘逼近算法并加以了初步验证。算法的实质是将由微小直线段组成的加工路径拟合成一条连续的NURBS曲线,作为新的加工路径,然后利用NURBS实时插补对新的加工路径进行插补,实现微小直线段的高速平滑加工。经初步验证,算法有助于改善微段加工方式的加工质量和效率。     

基于新型代数指数样条曲线的微段加工算法

针对曲线重构微段加工中采用的样条曲线计算稳定性差、运算速度慢,且在加减速的条件下不能直接递推插补计算而造成计算效率低的问题,在计算机数控中采用基于新型插补样条的实时曲线重构与插补算法进行连续微段加工.实验结果表明,重构的新样条曲线计算速度快且稳定,可进行直接递推插补.基于新样条曲线优越性质的微段加工,在充分发挥实时曲线重构与递推插补微段加工方法优势的基础上,可以进一步提高插补计算的效率,实现对任意曲面的高速高精度插补加工.     

实现高速高精度加工的智能NURBS插补算法研究

为了实现对模具等零件的高速高精度加工,研究了NURBS样条插补的完整算法,同时在此基础上提出了动态调节进给速度的智能NURBS样条插补,并采用模糊判断的方式解决了算法问题.实践表明,智能NURBS样条插补方法可以进一步地提高加工速度和精度.     

基于NURBS插补的整体叶轮数控加工

在对比分析NURBS曲线插补技术和传统数控机床采用的插补方法特点的基础上,说明了NURBS曲线插补技术在曲面加工方面的优越性.进而对整体叶轮的叶片采用非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）进行曲线、曲面拟合,对整体叶轮数控加工工艺进行了规划,实现了NURBS插补方式的整体叶轮数控加工。     

一种三次插值样条曲线的插补方法研究

针对复杂轮廓零件数控加工的实际需求,基于数据采样插补原理,对一种三次插值样条曲线的插补算法进行了研究.样条曲线进行参数化运算插补,先使用一系列首尾相接的微小直线段来逼近给定的插值样条曲线轮廓,再利用轨迹空间与参变量空间的对应关系,控制参变量,求取插补点坐标,得到整个离散化插补轨迹.此算法加工速度稳定性高,有利于高速高精地生成插补轨迹.     

High-speed contouring control with NURBS-based C2 PH spline curves

This paper presents a C² Pythagorean hodograph (PH) spline curve constructed by the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve for high-speed contouring control. With the knot vector, weights, and control points given, the C² PH spline curve is defined to be a “good” interpolant for Hermit data obtained from a NURBS curve of degree 3 specified by the same control polygon, weights, and the knot vector. To this end, the first- and second-order derivatives are evaluated at the nodal points on the NURBS curve. These boundary conditions are imposed on the PH segments of degree 9 to preserve continuity between the connecting segments. The S-curve motion planning architecture with variable feed rate for a planar NURBS-based C² PH spline curve is also developed in this paper. In particular, C¹ cubic feed acceleration/deceleration is imposed on the first and last PH segments. Several NURBS-based C² PH spline curve-following tasks were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed interpolation algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed interpolator is not only feasible for machining the complicated parametric curves represented in the NURBS-based C² PH spline form but also yields satisfactory contouring performance under variable feed rate control.     

Cutting temperature,tool wear,and tool life in heat-pipe-assisted end-milling operations

In this paper, using the specifications of nodal points on a nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve of three degrees with respect to NURBS curve parameter and defining the coefficients for the velocity and acceleration vectors on these points, a new method is presented to design a tool path via C² PH spline curves. Values of the velocity/acceleration vector coefficients corresponding to the nodal points on the original NURBS curve are computed by pattern search algorithm. To this end, the normal distance between the constructed C² PH spline curve and its corresponding original NURBS curve is considered as the objective function. Using combination of the time-dependent feed rate interpolation in the acceleration/deceleration phase of the motion and the constant feed rate interpolation in the middle region of the motion, the position commands of the designed NURBS-based C² PH spline curve are generated. Several improved NURBS-based C² PH spline curve following tasks were implemented with pseudo-derivative feedback feed forward (PDFF) controller. The experimental and simulation results confirm that the devised interpolator with designed PDFF controller is not only feasible for machining the complicated tool path represented in the improved NURBS-based C² PH spline form but also yields satisfactory contouring performance under variable feed rate.     

五轴联动数控加工的刀具路径优化方法研究

为解决五轴联动加工复杂曲面过程中的刀具路径不连续问题,提出了五轴数控的刀具路径优化方法。通过五轴NC代码的坐标变换还原有效切削路径,对切削路径进行误差约束下的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线拟合。对旋转轴路径采用五次样条曲线进行插值,建立切削路径和旋转轴路径的参数映射关系,通过机床逆运动变换求解C2连续的平动轴路径。实验表明,经过该方法优化后,切削路径和各驱动轴运动路径具有良好的平滑性,显著提高了五轴加工曲面精度和表面质量。     

基于UG的NURBS曲线插补技术的应用研究

高速切削加工作为模具制造中重要的一项先进制造技术,NURBS曲线插补技术逐步得到应用。在UG中通过对连结分段、角度公差、拟合公差等参数的设置以及对UGCAM后处理器的修改,生成了NURBS曲线插补指令,从而驱动CNC机床实现了NURBS曲线插补的高速加工。     

高精度数控机床非均匀有理B样条曲线插补控制研究

在复杂曲面数控加工中,经常应用非均匀有理B样条曲线。介绍了非均匀有理B样条曲线插补原理,分析了传统非均匀有理B样条曲线插补方法,即泰勒展开法,确认泰勒展开法在计算精度和时效性等方面存在不足。针对泰勒展开法存在的不足,提出采用割线法进行非均匀有理B样条曲线插补。介绍了割线法插补原理,分析了迭代运算初值及终止判定问题。通过对比确认,割线法求解时间短,精度较高,可以满足高精度数控机床非均匀有理B样条曲线的插补控制要求。     

A bisection method for the milling of NURBS mapping projection curves by CNC machines

The concept of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) mapping projection curves (NURBS-MPCs) is proposed in this work. A NURBS-MPC is a projection curve on a NURBS surface of a NURBS curve. The bisection method is used to interpolate NURBS-MPCs. Using an assigned chord, the interpolation of a NURBS-MPC can be obtained easily, and the milling precision of the NURBS-MPC can be controlled effectively. Based on the NURBS theory, the bisection method, and the parametric programming method, an online NURBS software package (NURBS-SP) for FANUC 0i-MB/MC/MD CNC system and an offline NURBS toolbox (NURBS-T) for Matlab have been developed. Using an example of a planar NURBS curve, a NURBS-MPC is created on a NURBS surface. The simulation and milling of the NURBS-MPC show that the bisection method is feasible and effective. The online NURBS-SP endows the NURBS interpolation function for those CNC systems only equipped with linear interpolation (G01) and circular interpolation (G02/G03) and extends the interpolation functions and machining capability of low-middle level three-axis milling machines. The interactive application of the NURBS-T and NURBS-SP can accomplish the design, simulation, and milling for NURBS-MPCs. This feature makes them to have broad application prospects in CNC machining industry.