40CrNiMo钢碳-铌复合渗强化及应用研究

对40CrNiMo截齿用钢渗碳后再渗铌强化处理,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱、X射线衍射仪分析了渗铌层的组织与成分,并分别与常规强化样品在实验室和工况下作耐磨性对比试验。结果表明,渗铌层主要由NbC和Nb6C5构成,碳-铌复合渗强化试样的磨损量只是常规强化样的58.4%,其截齿使用寿命提高了69%～78%。     

18CrNiMo7-6钢渗碳—渗硼层的组织和硬度

对18CrNiMo7-6钢试样分别进行了这样的处理:940℃渗硼5 h,油淬和低温回火;先渗碳至0.5 mm,然后940℃渗硼5 h,油淬和低温回火。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计检测了试样渗层的显微组织和硬度,以揭示预渗碳对18CrNiMo7-6钢渗硼的影响。结果表明,单一渗硼的18CrNiMo7-6钢试样渗层厚度为135μm,表面硬度为1 680 HV0.2;而经渗碳-渗硼的18CrNiMo7-6钢试样渗层厚度为150μm,表面硬度为1 710 HV0.2。两种试样的渗层均主要由Fe_2B相和少量FeB相组成。此外,渗碳-渗硼试样的过渡区宽度达1 600μm,远大于单一渗硼试样的过渡区宽度,从而显著改善了硼化物层的承载性能。     

碳-铌复合渗20CrNiMo钢的耐磨性能研究

采用显微镜、电子探针和XRD分析铌铁含量、稀土含量和温度对碳-铌复合渗的20CrN iMo钢组织、成分和相结构的影响,并与碳-硼复合渗的20CrN iMo钢耐磨性进行对比试验。XRD结果表明,碳-铌复合渗的20CrN iMo钢渗铌层中除铌碳化物相,还有Ce、Y及YC2等相;电子探针表明在渗铌层中含有7.35wt%~7.61wt%的Fe。耐磨性能测试表明,碳-铌复合渗的20CrN iMo钢的耐磨性是碳-硼复合渗钢的1.62倍。     

重型掘进机截齿失效机理与耐磨性改进研究

为减少更换截齿工作量,提高掘进机截割部可靠性,开展重型掘进机截齿的失效分析及对策研究,对金相组织进行观察对力学性能进行分析.结果表明:从金相组织来看,18Cr2Ni4WA截齿碳氮共渗后,最表层碳氮化合物数量较多,耐磨性较高,基体板条马氏体和残余奥氏体韧性好;5CrNiMo钢截齿形成均匀而细小的回火托氏体,抗高温回火及抗热疲劳性能优;18Cr2Ni4WA碳氮共渗截齿比20CrMnTi截齿的抗拉强度提高9.25％,冲击韧性提高41.8％;两种截齿工业性试验寿命分别提高100％和20％.     

热模具钢5CrNiMo渗硼的组织与性能研究

本文叙述了5CrNiMo钢固体渗硼的层深控制、渗层结构、以及渗硼后的耐磨性和冲击韧性等试验研究结果,为热锻模渗硼提供了有价值的技术数据。     

碳硼复合渗及在锤片上的应用

本文研究了20钢的碳硼复合渗渗层组织及耐磨性能。结果表明:复合渗可得到较强支撑作用的过渡层,从而使渗硼层耐磨性提高。复合渗工艺在饲料粉碎机锤片上试用效果良好。     

从渗硼层的结构和性能探讨渗硼的机制

用相同的渗硼工艺对45钢、T10钢和CrWMn钢进行了渗硼处理,观察其渗硼层的厚度和形态;对不同材料的渗硼试样进行淬火,对比其耐磨性能,探讨渗硼的机制,分析造成不同材料渗硼层的厚度、硬度及耐磨性不同的原因。     

碳氮共渗预处理对渗硼层组织性能的影响

研究了碳氮共渗对16Mn钢渗硼层组织结构和性能的影响。结果表明，碳氮共渗预处理使渗硼层的组织、显微硬度分布、脆性、耐磨性比单一渗硼层有明显的改善。碳氮共渗预处理可以得到具有较强支撑作用的过渡层，从而使耐磨性提高。通过复合渗处理的灰砂砖模板，其使用寿命可提高2～3倍。     

1Cr13不锈钢硼-碳复合渗工艺及其性能

对1Cr13马氏体不锈钢进行950 ℃预渗碳6 h复合不同渗硼工艺处理,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及配套能谱分析仪(EDS)、显微维氏硬度计、XRD、电化学工作站等研究了复合渗工艺以及最终热处理对硼碳复合渗层组织和性能的影响。结果表明,1Cr13钢最佳硼碳复合渗工艺为950 ℃固体渗碳6 h复合950 ℃固体粉末渗硼6 h,在此工艺下,渗硼层硬度高达1436 HV0.1,交界层硬度为924 HV0.1,预渗碳层硬度为630~910 HV0.1,基体心部硬度为560～590.7 HV0.1,复合渗层硬度梯度整体较为平缓。EDS检测得出交界层Cr元素含量最高,其质量分数为13.49%。XRD物相检测得出渗硼层中主要是硬度高且脆性较小的Fe₂B相,存在少量FeB和CrB相。复合渗试样与原样的腐蚀电极电位相比提升了0.104 V,硼碳复合渗工艺提高了1Cr13不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能。     

20CrMnTi钢压辊深层稀土硼碳氮共渗

对20CrMnTi钢深层稀土硼碳氮共渗工艺进行了研究，并对其共渗层的组织、硬度及耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能进行了测试与分析。结果表明，与碳氮共渗工艺相比，深层稀土硼碳氮共渗层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。将其应用于20CrMnTi钢粮机压辊，模具寿命提高了40％，取得了较好的经济效益。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.