水环境保护中水质自动监测技术的应用探究

在水环境保护工作中利用水质自动监测技术,可以持续监测并及时反馈水质数据,有效推进水环境保护的开展。本文首先阐述了水质自动监测技术的概念和功能,并着重就该技术在水环境保护中的应用策略进行了分析。     

原水予处理混凝中的几个问题

前言近年来由于我国现代化大型化工企业的迅速发展,对循环冷却水水质的要求也就愈来愈高,因而促进了冷却水水质稳定技术的发展,在水质稳定技术科研不断深入的过程中,对经予处理的冷却系统补充水相应地提出了更高标准的净化要求,它不仅要使水中     

水的预处理诊治新技术

水的预处理必须根据不同的水质和存在的问题,进行诊断并确认其关键所在,然后采用相应的治理技术,以获得较好的澄清水水质。近几年来,水的预处理研究提出了不少诊治新技术,综述如下。     

风城油田稀油污水处理系统的运行管理

新疆油田普遍采用"高效水质稳定与净化技术"进行油田污水处理,本文通过污水各处理工段运行状况的跟踪研究,对该技术在风城油田稀油污水处理系统应用中的运行现状进行分析。通过持续进行污水处理系统的运行优化,解决来水水质不稳定、水质不达标的问题。总结了在稀油污水处理运行管理时的操作及应该注意的问题,让运行管理提高污水处理系统的运行水平,使水质稳定达标,做到注好水、注够水。     

油田污水水质改性技术应用现状

油田污水有机物、悬浮物、细菌含量和成垢离子含量高,容易造成注水系统结垢、腐蚀严重和堵塞地层。对油田污水水质进行改性研究,降低了水中有机物、悬浮物、细菌含量,减轻水质结垢和腐蚀速率,防止注入水水质恶化,提高注入水的水质。水质改性技术在国内油田应用效果显著,可进一步推广应用。     

电解诱导硬度变化优化电化学水软化工艺研究

针对不同结垢倾向的水质会影响电化学水软化性能的问题，从水质稳定性角度出发，提出电解诱导水质硬度变化优化水软化工艺的方法。将硬度变化与RSI指数建立联系，并通过循环水动态模拟实验建立基于不同水质结垢倾向的评价体系。结果表明，该工艺为不同结垢倾向的水质提供了一种除垢方式的性能评估方法，实现了电化学水软化技术的工艺优化。     

福州市左海-西湖水体水质提升方案

福州市左海-西湖存在湖水水质指标中TP、TN超标,同时湖中淤泥沉积较多等问题,不能满足V类水体功能和构建生态城市的要求。分析认为造成左海-西湖水体问题的主要原因是湖体上游来水沿线污染、来水中悬浮物沉积和湖体水动力差三个方面。为此,针对性地提出水质净化+补水循环+常态清淤组合技术方案,并采用MIKE21模型对方案进行了水力和水质模拟,模拟结果表明,技术方案能充分改善湖体水动力和提升湖体水质。     

高炉煤气洗涤水系统水质处理技术的研究

结合河南安阳钢铁公司高炉煤气洗涤水系统,从水质净化(絮凝)和水质稳定(阻垢分散)技术的反应机理出发,通过药剂配方筛选方案的实验,进而研究适合此类循环冷却水系统水质的处理技术.在实验过程中,充分考虑了多方面的影响因素,力求在实际运行中能达到良好的处理效果,为高炉的连续生产创造条件.该处理技术对钢铁厂的高炉煤气洗涤水的水质处理具有一定的借鉴意义.     

广利油田水质结垢因素分析

广利站采用电化学预氧化技术后注入水水质得到明显改善,但近期局部区域结垢现象突出。对污水站、注水站、配水间到井口的注入水水质进行了分析,利用结垢趋势预测及垢样的分析等手段,最终确定了结垢的主要影响因素,为下一步改善水质减缓结垢趋势提供参考。     

循环冷却水的水质控制

分析了循环冷却水水质变化的原因,介绍了对循环水进行水处理所采用的水稳定技术和管理技术,从浊度、腐蚀、结垢、微生物等方面论述了水质的控制原理、治理流程、配方设计和操作要领,对治理后循环水运行效果进行了总结。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。