基于Al-SiO2-蔗糖体系制备空心陶瓷微珠

以Al-SiO2-蔗糖为反应体系,利用自反应淬熄法合成了Al2O3-Si复相空心陶瓷微珠,研究了其形成机制.结果表明,熔射产物由球形、类球形和不规则粉状物三类颗粒组成,球形颗粒和类球形颗粒为内部空心结构,由Al2O3-Si复相以及可能含有的少量未反应SiO2组成,粉状物由SiC、C与可能含有的SiO2和发生反应但未成球...     

熔体反应渗透形成Al2O3基复合材料的组织结构

运用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对铝熔体分别反应渗透SiO2陶瓷和SiO2 SiC陶瓷预制体形成的Al2O3/Al Si和SiC/Al2O3/Al-Si复合材料的组织结构进行了研究,用X-射线衍射分析了材料的组成.     

由有机硅油和铝粉制备Si-Al-O-N-C陶瓷粉末

用高含氢硅油HPSO与二乙烯三胺反应交联制备了稳定的Si-O-N-C溶胶,然后加入活性组分Al粉制备了Si-Al-O-N-C先驱体凝胶,并在N2气中裂解,制备了Si-Al-O-N-C陶瓷粉末.用FT-IR、TG/DTA、XRD和TEM研究了先驱体的热分解转化过程.研究表明:得到的Si-Al-O-N-C陶瓷粉末中含有非晶相和Si、AlN、SiC、Al3O3N微晶,粉体颗粒呈球形,其粒径在50～150 nm左右.     

Al2O3/SiC纳米复相陶瓷材料的研究进展

Al2O3/SiC纳米复相陶瓷由于具有优异的室温及高温机械性能而成为结构陶瓷领域研究的热点.本文就Al2O3/SiC纳米复相陶瓷的不同制备加工方式及增强增韧机理进行了详细的阐述.其中粉体的均匀混合是制备过程的关键因素,残余应力及裂纹偏转导致的穿晶断裂以及裂纹尖端SiC颗粒的桥联作用是复相陶瓷强度和韧性增加的主导因素.     

原位合成MoSi_2-SiC复合材料700℃的氧化行为

研究了不同SiC体积分数原位合成MoSi2-SiC复合材料在700℃空气中1000h的长期氧化行为。结果表明:复合材料氧化1000h后,均未发生pest现象。复合材料的氧化抗力明显好于单一MoSi2,原位合成复合材料的氧化抗力好于传统的热压商用MoSi2粉末和SiC粉末混合物制备的复合材料(外加复合材料)。复合材料氧化膜相组成仅为非晶SiO2,材料的氧化过程主要是O2与MoSi2的作用,SiC未发生氧化。材料在700℃下仍发生硅、钼的同时氧化,因MoO3的挥发较快没有晶须形成,因而在材料表面快速形成一薄层连续、致密的非晶SiO2保护膜,使材料表现出优异的长期抗氧化性。     

SHS冶金技术制备纳米组织Al2O3-ZrO2共晶复相陶瓷研究

以SHS冶金技术,通过材料原位合成手段并在大过冷条件下熔体发生共生共晶反应,快速一次性制备出自然自组装的具有1-3复合、晶内型结构的纳米组织Al2O3-ZrO2共晶复相陶瓷,其中sEM观察与凝固理论分析表明在本实验条件下只有亚共晶成分的复相陶瓷才易获得ZrO2相纤维直径在纳米尺度上的纳米组织Al2O3-ZrO2共晶复相陶瓷.     

SiCsf/SiC-BN复合陶瓷的制备及抗氧化性能

制备了SiC短纤维增强原位合成的SiC-BN复合陶瓷(SiCsf/SiC-BN),对其氧化动力学进行了分析计算,并对不同成分的SiCsf/SiC-BN复合陶瓷在800～1200℃的氧化过程进行了研究.研究表明, Si3N4,B4C和C可以原位合成复合陶瓷的基体.复合陶瓷在高温发生氧化时,SiC和BN氧化产物主要为SiO2和B2O3,这两者互融形成的薄膜可以有效减缓复合陶瓷的氧化.     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的无压浸透反应机理探讨

为探讨SiCp/Al基复合材料无压浸渗反应机理,利用XPS鉴定了SiC预制体浸渗前沿界面上的反应产物结构.采用HRTEM研究了SiCp/Al基复合材料的界面结构.结果表明,浸渗与未浸渗部分之间的界面上存在MgO.Al2O3和ZnO诸化合物,没有发现氮的化合物.在SiC相与铝相的界面上仅存在MgAl2O4相,MgAl2O4相几乎连续地包敷在SiC颗粒上.这表明,高温下SiC与熔Al合金接触后,SiC颗粒表面上的SiO2与Al,Mg,Zn诸元素发生了放热反应,从而降低了表面张力,提高了湿润性.促进了自发浸渗.     

原位反应烧结Zr2Al4C5化合物增韧ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷的制备工艺及力学性能

ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷在超高温领域具有重要的应用前景,但韧性低限制了其应用.本工作通过原位反应烧结制备出Zr2 Al4 C5化合物增韧ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷,研究了Zr/Al物质的量比和烧结工艺对复相陶瓷的烧结性能、显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Zr/Al物质的量比的减小,原位反应合成的Zr2 Al4 C5化合物逐渐增多;随着烧结温度的升高,Zr2 Al4 C5化合物逐渐反应合成;随着烧结压力的增加和保温时间的延长,复相陶瓷主要相成分为ZrB2、SiC和Zr2 Al4 C5,开气孔率呈现下降的趋势,断裂韧性呈现先增加后降低的趋势.采用Zr/Al物质的量比2:6、烧结温度1800℃、烧结压力20 MPa、保温时间3 min,通过SPS原位反应烧结制备的Zr2 Al4 C5化合物增韧ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷,其断裂韧性可达(5.26±0.37)MPa·m1/2;韧化机理主要包括裂纹偏折、裂纹桥接、裂纹分叉以及层状Zr2Al4C5晶粒拔出等能量耗散机制.     

原位合成含有Al2O3晶须Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料机理的研究

利用氧对金属Ti,Al粉的部分氧化,原位合成含Al2O3晶须的Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料,利用XRD,EDAX和NO-RAN能谱仪对材料的晶相组成和元素成分进行分析,利用SEM观察材料显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明,反应步骤为:Ti,Al金属粉表面氧化→铝的熔化→TiAl3的生成→Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al等多种化合物生成和Al对TiO2的还原反应;铝含量决定了材料的晶相组成,铝不足时,生成Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al等多种金属间化合物和氧化铝,铝含量足够时,最终的产物为TiAl3,金属铝以及氧化铝等相;氧化铝晶须是通过VLS机理生成的,产物中晶须的数量和发达程度随铝含量的增加而递增,晶须的直径随热处理温度升高而增加。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to