中碳钙硫易切削钢夹杂物形态控制

在实验室进行了1kg坩埚实验,研究了中碳高硫结构钢钙处理前后夹杂物的形态、尺寸及组成.结果表明:钢钙处理后获得了可以改善钢切削性的纺锤形夹杂物,夹杂物的平均纺锤形率为68.11%,并且随钢中[Ca]/[S]增加夹杂物纺锤形化趋势增加;钙处理后小于2.5μm的夹杂物占夹杂物总量的76.05%,夹杂物细小、弥散分布于钢基体中;夹杂物类型以钙铝酸盐芯硫化物外壳的复合夹杂物、(Mn,Ca)S形式的硫化物为主,有少量的铝酸钙与CaS的复合夹杂物;含钙硫的45钢铸态钢锭比普通45钢铸态钢锭切削性能有所改善.     

含硫易切削钢夹杂物控制试验研究

通过高温试验研究了钙处理和镁处理对含硫易切削钢中夹杂物的控制效果。钙处理后钢中夹杂物为CaAl-O+(Ca,Mn)S复合夹杂物、(Ca,Mn)S以及Mn S夹杂物;镁处理后钢中夹杂物为Mg Al2O4+(Mg,Mn)S、Al2O3+Mn S复合夹杂物、(Mg,Mn)S以及Mn S夹杂物。钙处理和镁处理后钢中的复合夹杂物所占比例分别为0.67%和3.57%。镁处理后钢中Ⅱ类Mn S夹杂物明显减少,91.7%的夹杂物尺寸小于3μm,纺锤率达到72.5%,其对夹杂物的控制效果优于钙处理。     

镁系易切削钢中夹杂物分析

为了探究Mg处理对易切削钢中夹杂物的影响,以1144高硫易切削钢为试验钢种,采用金相和能谱仪等手段研究了 Mg处理对1144易切削钢中夹杂物的形态、尺寸分布和夹杂物成分的影响.结果表明:在易切削钢铸坯中,Mg处理使得易切削钢铸坯硫化物夹杂由Ⅱ类向Ⅲ类、Ⅰ类转变,分布更为均匀,同时使得复合硫化锰夹杂物比例提升.在轧材中,...     

新型贝氏体易切削塑料模具钢中夹杂物的研究

本文研究了新型贝氏体易切削塑料模具钢中几种夹杂物的形态和成分，对含核心的硫化物的能谱分析证实核心为ＣａＯ．２Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣａＯ．６Ａｌ２Ｏ３，并对钙在硫化物的变形过程中的作用进行了初步探讨，同时发现了与硫化物复合在一起的氮化钛和氧化铝。     

易切削钢中夹杂物及锡的形态

研制了一种新型含锡易切削钢.在锡含量小于0.05%(质量分数)时,钢材具有良好的易切削性能,其力学性能也达到了国家标准.在扫描电镜下观察了钢中夹杂物和断口的形貌,利用能谱分析了夹杂物的成分.结果表明,钢中的复合夹杂物主要由氧化物和MnS组成.多数呈球形或纺锤形,在断口及夹杂物的表面上锡明显偏析.     

非金属夹杂物对钙系与钙硫系易切削钢切削性能的影响

研究了在18t钢包中采用喷粉方法生产的钙系与钙硫系易切削钢中非金属夹杂物对切削性能的影响。试验结果表明：以200m/min的速度切削Y40CrCa钢时，刀具寿命比切削40Cr钢时高6－10倍；以160m/min的速度切削Y40CrCaS钢时，刀具寿命比切削40Cr钢时高20倍。经能谱仪查明在刀具后面形成保护薄膜，它是延长刀具寿命的主要原因。     

易切削钢中稀土夹杂物类型的预测

论述了易切削钢中稀土夹杂物相的形成条件及其预测方法，并总结了稀土夹杂物对钢性能的影响，。初步建立了钢液成分、夹杂物类型与钢性能的关系。     

精炼渣组分对硫易切削钢夹杂物含量和形态的影响

试验分析了50 t LF精炼渣(FeO)、(MnO),R,(CaO)/[(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)]和(S)的控制对[O]指数、硫分配比和Mn/S的影响。结果表明,当(FeO+MnO)=12%,碱度R值1.5~2.0,(CaO)/[(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)]=1.5~2.0,平均硫分配比LS为4.6,Mn/S值4.3~4.7时,铸态夹杂物为球形Ⅰ类硫化物和部分沿晶界分布的球形硫化物,轧制钢材未发现B、C类夹杂,达到了较好的控制钢中氧化物夹杂和低脱硫率的冶金效果。     

低碳高硫易切削钢的切削性能研究

 对宣钢生产的X1215低碳高硫易切削钢进行了切削试验,运用扫描电镜研究了钢中的夹杂物形态。切削试验表明,该钢的易切削性能优于45钢,切削比Kr达到1.48。分析表明,该钢中全氧的质量分数为120×10-6 时,钢中大量存在的条形硫化锰及纺锤形硫化锰-氧化物的复合夹杂是钢材切削性能优良的主要原因。     

低碳高硫易切削钢LF精炼工艺研究

硫易切削钢因其良好的可切削性能和作为含铅易切削钢的环保替代品,在机加工行业已得到广泛使用。石横特钢通过对低碳高硫易切削钢LF精炼工艺的研究,改善了钢中硫化物形态,降低了脆性夹杂物出现的机率,显著提高了该钢的切削性能,满足了用户需求。     

Effect of Sulfur in Steel on Transient Evolution of Inclusions During Calcium Treatment

In the current study, the effect of S content in the molten steel on inclusions during calcium treatment was studied using an induction furnace. The calcium in steel decreased from 48 to 2 ppm, and the sulfur in steel changed a little with time. When sulfur content in steel was as low as 25 ppm during calcium treatment, inclusions shifted from CaO-Al₂O₃-CaS to Al₂O₃-CaO with about 35 pct CaO. When the sulfur increased over 90 ppm, more CaS-CaO formed just after the addition of calcium, and then the CaS content decreased from over 45 pct to lower than 15 pct and inclusions were mostly Al₂O₃-CaO-CaS and Al₂O₃-CaO with a high Al₂O₃ content. Thermodynamic calculation predicted the variation of the composition of inclusions, indicating good agreement with the measurement, while a certain deviation existed, especially for heats with 90 and 180 ppm sulfur. A reaction model was proposed for the formation of CaO and CaS, which considered the reaction between calcium vapor bubbles in the zone and the dissolved oxygen and sulfur in the molten steel, as described by a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm with a reaction occurring on the remaining vacant sites. The variation of transient CaS inclusions was discussed based on the thermodynamic calculation and the morphology evolution of typical inclusions containing CaS.     

硫易切削齿轮钢的开发

多年来我厂一直存在行星齿轮加工难问题,尤为突出的是钻孔工序与铣齿工序,经常出现打刃现象.影响齿轮加工的因素主要有3个方面:齿轮材料、齿轮毛坯的硬度及显微组织、加工齿轮的刀具.国外在解决齿轮加工难问题上,也是从这3个方面着手,如德国大众公司为使捷达传动器齿套好加工,采用一种硫含量很高的齿轮材料TL4126(28MnCr5S),毛坯采用等温退火.     

硫系易切削钢中硫化物的高温行为

易切削钢中硫化物的尺寸和化学组成对切削性能和热脆性有很大影响。详细研究了高温下硫化物尺寸和化学组成的演变行为,结果表明,1 100~1 250℃加热后硫化物发生了粗化长大,平均尺寸从初始的5.5μm增大至8~10μm,在1 300℃时保温2 h后硫化物发生了固溶,尺寸减小为2.6μm;高温处理后硫化物中固溶铁的质量分数从15.9%降低至5%,加热后的硫化物熔点从初始的825℃提高至890℃。合适的高温处理能够增大硫化物的尺寸,同时改善硫化物的化学组成,提高熔点。     

镁处理对45钢中夹杂物的改质效果

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、非水溶液原位电解方法对比分析了镁处理(0.0006％ Mg)和钙处理(0.0010％ Ca)45钢中夹杂物类型、尺寸、分布及形态变化.研究表明,相对于传统的钙处理工艺,45钢中加入一定量的镁后,钢中的Al2O3转变为细小弥散的MgO·Al2 O3,MnS在凝固末期以MgO·Al2O3为形...     

An Integrated Study on the Evolution of Inclusions in EH36 Shipbuilding Steel with Mg Addition: From Casting to Welding

Inclusion evolution behaviors, in terms of composition, size, and number density, and associated influence on the microstructures of the as-cast slabs, rolled plates, and simulated welded samples of plain EH36 and EH36-Mg shipbuilding steels have been systematically investigated. The results indicate that the inclusions in the as-cast plain EH36 are almost Al-Ca-S-O-(Mn) complex oxides with sizes ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 μm. After Mg addition, a large amount of individually fine MnS precipitates and Mg-containing Ti-Al-Mg-O-(Mn-S) complex inclusions are generated, which significantly refine the microstructure and are conducive to the nucleation of acicular ferrite in the rolled and welded sample. Moreover, after rolling and welding thermal simulation, the number of individual MnS decreases gradually due to its precipitation on the surface of Ti-Al-Mg-O oxides.     

含锡易切削钢的冶炼和性能研究

以锡替代铅，用20k感应炉熔炼了成分(％)为：0．20～0．21C，0．56～0．60Si，0．78～0．80Mn，0．28-0．29S，0．066～0．070P，0～0．049Sn易切削钢。试验结果表明，加锡可以明显改善钢的切削性能，经60min切削，高速钢刀具后刀面磨损宽度(Vb)由切削未加Sn钢的0．60唧降到切削加Sn钢的0．45mm。加锡钢的力学性能与含铅易切削钢相当。扫描电镜和能谱对钢中夹杂物和断口分析表明，在含锡钢的晶界和夹杂物附近锡偏聚显著。     

Effects of Calcium Addition on Nonmetallic Inclusions in High-Al Steel

To investigate the formation and evolution mechanism of inclusions in high-Al steel, four lab-scaled experiments are carried out with different calcium (Ca) contents. The Al₂O₃ inclusions are modified to (CaO–Al₂O₃)–CaS after Ca addition. With the Ca content increased, the types of CA_x-CaS inclusions are changed from CaS-attached inclusions to CA_x-wrapped inclusions. When the total calcium content (T.Ca) reached 29 ppm, the CA_x–CaS inclusions are primarily distributed within the 50% liquidus in CaO–Al₂O₃–CaS ternary diagram. Some Al₂O₃ inclusions are not completely modified with 7 ppm Ca addition. CaS and CaO–CaS inclusions are observed with a higher Ca addition. The modification of Al₂O₃ by CaS and [Ca] occurs in CaS-attached inclusions with a lower Ca addition. To clarify the formation of CaS, a new modification index for high-Al steel is given based on the T.Ca/T.O index.     

400系易切削不锈钢硫铁加入方式优化

邢钢一步法(脱磷站+60t AOD+60t LF)生产400系易切削不锈钢过程中,前期采用硫铁全部在AOD出钢时加入配[S],AOD出钢至上机浇铸过程中钢渣碱度始终处于低碱度范围(R=1.40～1.95),硫铁消耗较大,钢液氧含量偏高,随着冶炼炉数的增加,炉衬侵蚀严重,影响AOD炉龄和钢坯质量,且钢渣较长时间处于低碱度状态,极易造成钢中[C]含量的上升(尤其是430F、430FR低碳类钢种),很难实现多炉连浇。后期通过优化硫铁加入方式,在LF后期加硫铁,AOD炉渣碱度2.0～2.3,LF炉渣碱度1.6～2.0,缩短低碱度渣处理时间,降低[S]损耗和钢液氧含量及对炉衬侵蚀。使易切削不锈钢[S]的收得率由62%提高到75%,吨钢硫铁消耗下降2.12 kg,铸坯皮下气泡等缺陷得到控制。