碰撞恢复系数对单纤维颗粒捕集特性的影响

利用CFD-DEM耦合方法对单纤维过滤介质进行了气-固两相流的数值模拟,研究了颗粒和纤维体间碰撞恢复系数的变化对颗粒在单纤维体上的沉积及捕集特性的影响。结果表明,颗粒的粒径较小时,纤维体捕集颗粒数量较少,且颗粒较为发散,而当颗粒的粒径较大时,颗粒被纤维体捕集的数量明显增加。颗粒的捕集数量随颗粒与纤维体间的恢复系数呈先增加后减少,然后达到平稳状态的趋势,颗粒与纤维体间的恢复系数超过0.3时,颗粒的捕集效率趋向于一个稳定值。     

数值研究壁面参数对单纤维捕集效率的影响

基于开源OpenFOAM软件模拟单纤维过滤介质内气-固两相流运动,着重研究了单纤维过滤介质壁面参数与捕集效率之间的关系,即为纤维过滤介质的碰撞恢复系数和碰撞阻尼系数的变化对捕集效率的影响。将模拟结果与经验关联式进行对比验证,且具有很好的一致性。模拟结果表明:固体颗粒物的捕集效率随着碰撞恢复系数的增大呈现先减小后平稳的变化趋势,而碰撞恢复系数为0.5之后捕集效率基本保持稳定;颗粒物捕集效率随着碰撞阻尼系数的增加,固体颗粒物的捕集效率呈现先增大后平稳的趋势,且在碰撞阻尼系数在0.7以后,捕集效率基本趋于稳定。     

飞灰颗粒与平板表面撞击过程的实验研究

以煤粉锅炉积灰过程为研究背景,在常温常压环境下对飞灰颗粒与平板表面撞击过程进行实验研究,分析飞灰颗粒入射法向速度对颗粒法向反弹速度的影响,以及飞灰颗粒粒径对临界捕集速度的影响。实验结果表明,飞灰颗粒粒径相同时,法向恢复系数随入射法向速度的增大先增大后平缓最后减小,在增大区域具有相当陡的斜率,反映了不同形式的力在不同阶段所占的比重不同;颗粒入射法向速度相同时,法向恢复系数随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大;而临界捕集速度随颗粒粒径的增大而减小。     

润湿剂促进燃油细颗粒捕集的实验研究

在反应室中研究了雾化液滴与燃油细颗粒的相互作用机制。提出了一种润湿剂对细颗粒捕集促进的新方法,用于研究颗粒与液滴作用前后颗粒数浓度和粒径分布变化特性及细颗粒的捕集特性。采用电称低压冲击器（ELPI）在线测试分析颗粒数浓度和粒径分布特性,用SEM和EDS分析了颗粒的形态和元素组分对捕集机理的影响。结果表明：颗粒的物化特性与液滴对颗粒的捕集作用密切相关;燃油排放颗粒主要为球形含炭疏水颗粒;雾化液滴对其的捕集效率较低;添加润湿剂有利于提高液滴对燃油细颗粒的捕集效率,添加Silanol w22比用纯水液滴对颗粒的捕集效率提高了15%;不同润湿剂对捕集效率的促进作用差别较大。研究结果可以用于对不同润湿剂除尘效果进行测试和筛选。     

不同工况下除尘器粉尘捕集效率模拟分析

旋风式除尘器的粉尘捕集效率一直是生产过程中的重要关注点.模拟计算分析不同工况、不同结构下装置内的压力、粉尘颗粒分布情况,研究其与粉尘捕集效率的关系.结论是:入口风速越大,压损越大;导流叶片的角度越大,压损越大,但压损增加幅度并不大;增加导流叶片,颗粒轨迹流线更加平滑,收尘效率更高.在一定工况条件下,通过增设内部导流叶片...     

碳基材料改性石灰石增强其对CO2的捕集效率

在水泥行业中,石灰石不仅是生产水泥的原料,而且也可以用来捕集废气中的CO2.但是,它的捕集效率会因其颗粒表面在经过几次捕集循环后发生烧结而严重降低.在本文中,我们利用不同种类的碳基材料(炭黑、石墨、竹炭和椰壳炭)来改性石灰石,提高其CO2捕集效率.碳基材料的引入可以改变石灰石颗粒的形貌:在煅烧过程中,碳颗粒在CO2的捕集循环前期起到支撑骨架的作用,循环后期碳颗粒在完全燃烧后,会产生孔洞,从而增加石灰石颗粒的比表面积,延缓烧结,提高循环煅烧/碳酸化率.实验研究表明,椰壳碳颗粒改性后的石灰石的CO2捕集效率比纯石灰石提高13％.     

颗粒床-旋流耦合分离器不同操作模式下的性能分析

通过实验分别考察了满床/空床操作模式对内置颗粒床-旋流耦合分离器分离性能的影响,获得了两种操作模式下的设备压降和捕集效率。通过改变入口粉尘浓度、入口气速和粉尘颗粒种类,发现满床操作条件下的分离效率比空床操作条件下的分离效率高,且前者压降较低。通过对出口粉尘粒径的分析,含有捕集颗粒的内置颗粒床可有效提高5 μm以下的粉尘颗粒的捕集效率,弥补了离心分离的短板。引入性能指数对不同操作模式进行定量分析,验证了满床操作条件下的耦合分离设备具有更好的综合分离性能。     

从焦炉煤气中脱除焦油和萘的气溶胶

焦炉煤气脱除焦油和萘的悬浮颗粒用的低压头喷洒式文丘里洗涤塔由东方煤炭化学研究所研制,在焦化生产中使用效果良好。这种文丘里洗涤塔作为电捕焦油器的替代设备,不仅可以在鼓风机后深度脱除煤气中的焦油状物质(0.2g/m~3)和使初冷器后煤气中的萘含量达到与洗油中的含量均衡,而且可以完全捕集煤气中的悬浮水滴。当焦化厂需要脱硫时,可以采用洗涤塔作为吸收塔,以脱除煤气中的硫化氢和氰化氢。 前不久,很多人认为,在湿式设备中不能捕集<2μm的颗粒。现在研制出了用于捕集分散颗粒的接触设备,文丘里洗涤塔便是其中之一。在低压头喷洒式洗涤塔内,悬浮颗粒的捕     

亲水改性碳钢极板用于PM2.5脱除

火电厂大气污染物排放标准日趋严格,湿式静电除尘器作为终端治理设备逐渐得到广泛应用。以亲水改性刚性极板为研究对象,建立了卧式湿式静电除尘器中试实验台,开展了PM_2.5脱除特性的实验研究,研究了改性极板表面水膜增强颗粒物脱除效率的机制,考察了气体温度、停留时间、工作电压、初始浓度、冲洗水流量等主要运行参数对颗粒物脱除效率的影响规律。结果表明：改性刚性极板表面的纤维层可以减少反冲气流,减少颗粒的电迁移阻力;表面在小水量情况下亦可维持均匀稳定的水膜,水膜的存在抑制了反电晕和二次扬尘的发生,使得电晕电流高且水膜蒸发使烟气湿度提高,颗粒荷电量和电迁移速度提高,这两方面均提高了颗粒脱除效率。停留时间延长、工作电压提高均会引起颗粒脱除效率的增加,但颗粒物入口浓度、冲洗水流量对颗粒脱除效率影响不大。使用改性刚性极板的湿式静电除尘器可减少阳极冲洗水量,对粒径0.04～0.48 μm的颗粒有较高脱除效率,可在低电压下达到较高的颗粒物总脱除效率,具有较好的应用前景。     

并列和错列纤维过滤器稳态除尘过程的 格子Boltzmann模拟

大部分纤维捕集效率和压降的理论模型认为纤维性能仅取决于来流速度、颗粒粒径、纤维体积分数、过滤层厚度、纤维直径等因素。实际上,布袋除尘器的性能还与纤维配置方式直接相关。利用LB(lattice Boltzmann)两相流模型对多层纤维捕集颗粒物过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同纤维配置方式下系统压降与捕集效率的变化。结果表明,错列纤维的性能参数优于并列纤维;纤维排列间距增大,压降增幅大于捕集效率,导致性能参数下降。通过比较不同位置纤维的捕集能力发现,在布朗扩散和拦截捕集机制主导下,前方纤维捕集能力略强于后方纤维;而在惯性碰撞捕集机制主导时,对捕集贡献最大的主要是前两排纤维,后方纤维对捕集效率的贡献非常小,可以忽略。这些研究结果可以对布袋除尘器的多层纤维配置方式的优化提供理论依据和工程建议。     

颗粒特性对撞击分离器性能影响的实验与数值研究

颗粒-壁面撞击行为和气固相间作用对撞击分离器的性能具有重要影响。基于玻璃珠及煤粉的单颗粒撞击实验数据建立平均撞击恢复系数模型,采用非球形颗粒曳力模型对平板式撞击分离器的分离性能和气固流动开展数值研究。结果表明,采用基于实验的平均恢复系数模型以及考虑颗粒形状的曳力模型,能够准确地预测撞击式分离器的总分离效率和分级分离效率。颗粒分离过程中,Stokes数较大的颗粒对颗粒-壁面撞击模型比较敏感,Stokes数较小的颗粒对气固曳力模型比较敏感。     

The coefficient of restitution for normal incident, low velocity particle impacts

This paper examines the theoretical regimes underlying the collision and recoil of elasto-plastic particles in low-velocity normal impacts. The coefficient of restitution is shown to be an approximate function of the ratio of the relative impact velocity to the system compressional wave speed, and the ratio of yield pressure to Young's modulus. The system compressional wave speed is further a function of the relative radii of the impacting particles, and it is predicted that the coefficient of restitution for equally sized sphere-sphere impacts is about 19% small than for sphere-plate impacts of otherwise identical particles. This result is confirmed experimentally. Theory is also developed to quantify an increase in restitution coefficient following identical impacts at the same point. Progressive plastic deformation about the impact point leads to a collision that is increasingly more elastic, and the restitution coefficient for typical particles approaches unity after about five to 10 impacts. This is also approximately confirmed experimentally.     

煤热解工艺中挥发分除尘技术的现状分析及建议

针对粉煤热解多联产工艺中热解挥发分除尘的技术难题,阐述了热解挥发分所含粉焦及煤灰颗粒的特性、热解工艺对除尘器的要求,对热解挥发分除尘技术的研究现状进行分析并提出建议,认为煤热解工艺中挥发分除尘技术应该从热解工艺本身出发,采用加氢(催化)热解方式,促进热解气中重质焦油组分裂解,使热解产物轻质化,从而降低煤热解挥发分的除尘难度。此外,可以采用多种除尘设备有机组合的方式并辅以分离前对细小粉尘进行预团聚等手段,强化除尘效果、提高煤热解工艺中挥发分的除尘效率。     

燃煤细颗粒在过饱和氛围下声波团聚脱除的实验研究

在不同过饱和氛围下,建立了燃煤细颗粒在声波场中团聚长大脱除的实验装置,对细颗粒物在声波场和不同过饱和氛围下的团聚长大脱除特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：细颗粒在声波场中的夹带系数随过饱和度的增大而增加,相应的脱除效率也有所提高;在过饱和度低于1.0时,细颗粒的总脱除效率很低（约为10%）,且几乎不随过饱和度的增大而增加,而当过饱和度大于1.0后,细颗粒的脱除效率随过饱和度的增大而迅速提高,过饱和度从1.0增大到1.5,相应的脱除效率提高了近50%。细颗粒的脱除效率随声压级的增大而提高,在过饱和度为0.3时,细颗粒无法发生凝结长大,总脱除效率很低,低于20%。但当过饱和度达到1.2,细颗粒的脱除效率得到了大幅提升,声压级在130dB时,细颗粒的脱除效率达到了70％左右,表明在低声压级的情况下,利用蒸汽相变可有效提高细颗粒在声波场中的团聚脱除效率。     

基于颗粒流运动论的喷动流化床气固流动行为三维模拟

1 INTRODUCTION Spout-fluid beds have been of increasing interest in the petrochemical, chemical and metallurgic indus-tries since spout-fluid beds can reduce some of the limitations of both spouting and fluidization by su-perimposing the two type of systems[1―4]. In recent years, spout-fluid beds have become an alternative for gas/solid contactors in coal gasification. Spout-fluid bed coal gasifiers have been adopted for APFBC-CC (advanced pressurized fluidized bed combus-tion-combined…     

Particle characteristics of a stable fluidized bed aerosol generator

An aerosol generator consisting of a vibrating system for feeding dust into a fluidized bed was developed and tested to determine its dust output characteristics. The dust feed unit can produce 0–40 g min⁻¹ of coal dust and shows constant output up to 3 h operation durations. These correspond to mass concentrations of 0–101 g m⁻³ of coal particles for an air flowrate of 395 l min⁻¹ through the aerosol generator. The aerosolized coal particles show constant particle size distribution with time for up to h of testing under varied operation parameters. The normalized particle size distribution remains almost identical for a given feed material for a range of dust loadings. The time required to reach steady state aerosol generation is negligible for the sizes of coal particles used in this investigation.     

Coal dust/air explosions in a large-scale tube

Coal dust/air mixture explosions under weak ignition conditions have been studied in a horizontal experimental tube of diameter 199 mm and length 29.6 m. The experimental tube is closed at one end and open at the downstream end. An array of 40 equally spaced dust dispersion units was used to disperse coal dust particles into the experimental tube. The coal dust/air mixture was ignited by an electric spark. A constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer was used to measure the gas velocity during the dispersion process. Kistler piezoelectric pressure sensors were used to measure the propagation of the pressure wave during the explosion process. The maximum overpressure of the coal dust explosion under the weak ignition conditions in the tube was 70 kPa and the propagation velocity of the pressure wave along the tube was approximately 370 m/s. The minimum concentration for obtaining a coal dust explosion that propagated along the tube was 120 g/m³. The suppressing effects on the coal dust explosion of two different kinds of suppressing agents have been studied.     

Generation of Submicron Arizona Test Dust Aerosol: Chemical and Hygroscopic Properties

This article describes a submicron dust aerosol generation system based on a commercially available dust disperser intended for use in laboratory studies of heterogeneous gas–aerosol interactions. Mineral dust particles are resuspended from Arizona Test Dust (ATD) powder as a case study. The system output in terms of number and surface area is adjustable and stable enough for aerosol flow reactor studies. Particles produced are in the 30–1000 nm size range with a lognormal shape of the number size distribution. The particles are characterized with respect to morphology, electrical properties, hygroscopic properties, and chemical composition. Submicron particle elemental composition is found to be similar for the particle surface and bulk as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. A significant difference in chemical composition is found between the submicron aerosol and the ATD bulk powder from which it was generated. The anionic composition of the water-soluble fraction of this dust sample is dominated by sulfate. Resuspended dust particles show, as expected, nonhygroscopic behavior in a humid environment. Small hygroscopic growth of about 1% (relative change in mobility diameter) was observed for 100 nm particles when the relative humidity (RH) was changed from 12 to 94%. Particles larger than 100–200 nm shrank about 1% once exposed to RH > 90%. This was interpreted as a restructuring of the larger agglomerates of dust to particles of smaller mobility diameter, under the influence of water vapor.     

The effects of coal dust concentrations and particle sizes on the minimum auto‐ignition temperature of a coal dust cloud

Flash fires and explosions in areas containing an enriched combustible dust atmosphere are a major safety concern in industrial processing. An experimental study was conducted to analyse the effects of atmospheric coal dust particle sizes and concentrations on the minimum auto‐ignition temperature (MAIT) of a dust cloud. Two different coal samples from Australian coal mines were used. The coal dust particles were prepared and sized in 3 ranges, of below 74 μm, 74 to 125 μm and 125 to 212 μm, by using a series of sieves and a sieve shaker. A humidifier was used to increase the moisture content of the particles to the required level. All the experiments were conducted in accordance with the ASTM E1491‐06 method in a calibrated Goldbert‐Greenwald furnace. The results from this study indicate that coal dust properties, such as the chemical nature (H/C), concentration, particle size (D₅₀), and moisture content, impact on the MAIT. For coal dust concentrations less than 1000 g.m^?3, the MAIT decreases with increasing coal dust concentrations. On the other hand, for low concentrations of 100 to 15 g.m^?3, the MAIT becomes more reliable for particle size D₅₀ rather than for volatile matters.     

Spontaneous inter-particle percolation: A kinematic simulation study

Spontaneous inter-particle percolation is a mechanism of particle segregation which arises when a particle falls through the voids among large particles due to gravity or other applied force, the size difference being such that this can occur without the need for applying strain. It is a phenomenon arising in some packed bed processing operations and in some dispersers for particles. Here the mechanism is modelled by computer simulation. The model uses particle sizes, a coefficient of restitution and also, to cater for less elastic materials, a coefficient of friction. This yields percolation velocities quantitatively consistent with prior laboratory studies, showing the correct dependence on coefficient of restitution and particle size. The simulation clarifies the dependence of radial dispersion on packing height. The radial distributions are well described only at higher coefficients of restitution, pointing to the need for a better means of describing collisions between percolating and packed particles.