共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 39 毫秒
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氢能是“双碳”下推动化石能源低碳转型的重要方向,微生物暗发酵制氢是实现生物质绿氢转化的有效途径。其中,利用具有量子尺寸效应、比表面积大和电导率高的金属纳米颗粒(MNPs)优化暗发酵制氢技术是近年研究热点。综述和评论了国内外添加MNPs用于优化暗发酵制氢性能的作用机制、技术难点和制氢效果等,重点阐述并比较了铁、镍和锌基三类热门MNPs优化策略在提高产氢酶系活性、增强代谢产氢途径和优化微生物群落结构等方面的作用,展望了暗发酵制氢可深入MNPs优化氢化酶活性、拓宽生物质发酵底物以及产氢菌筛选和反应器设计、生物质发酵技术开发等研究方向和应用前景。 相似文献
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近年来,金属纳米颗粒的制备研究引起了人们的广泛兴趣.与相应的块体材料相比,金属纳米颗粒具有独特的化学和物理性质,可应用于电学、催化、磁性材料、光催化、生物染色剂、药物输送等许多领域.其中,传感器是纳米颗粒最有前途的应用领域之一.传感器的微型化是传感器发展的主要研究方向, 相似文献
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木质纤维素转化为燃料乙醇的研究进展 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
以木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇的生物转化方法包括预处理、酶水解和发酵过程,对这些过程中的技术进展以及解决现存问题的方法进行了评述。氨法爆破技术是较好的预处理方法,超声波、微波处理等新技术有助于改善酶水解。阐述了酶水解机理、纤维素酶的生产以及酶水解过程的优化方法。指出固定化酶糖化发酵技术在生物转化木质纤维原料技术中的前景广阔;选择合适的发酵方法,优化发酵过程,以及解决抑制问题对于提高乙醇产率尤为重要;利用基因重组技术构建旨在发酵混合糖的重组菌对于生产生物乙醇具有里程碑意义。 相似文献
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从木质纤维素的预处理、抑制剂对发酵的影响、去除抑制剂的方法及耐抑制剂菌株的筛选等四个方面对木质纤维素生产丁醇进行了综述。木质纤维素一般通过酸处理、碱处理和高压蒸汽爆裂三种方法进行预处理,此过程产生的抑制剂会破坏细胞结构,造成细胞部分功能丢失,从而抑制细胞的生长代谢。树脂吸附、浊点萃取等物理手段,添加Ca(OH)2、过氧化氢等化学试剂,都能有效的去除抑制剂。此外,对现有的能源菌进行驯化和诱变,筛选耐抑制剂的突变菌也是行之有效的方法,目前丁醇的产量已经能够达到18g/L。 相似文献
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The electrical contacting of redox enzymes with electrodes is the most fundamental requirement for the development of amperometric biosensors and biofuel cell elements. We describe a novel method to prepare electrically contacted metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/enzyme hybrid composites on electrodes that act as amperometric biosensors or as the constituents of biofuel cells. Au NPs or Pt NPs were modified with thioaniline electropolymerizable groups, and so were the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) or bilirubin oxidase (BOD). Electrochemical polymerization of the thioaniline-functionalized Pt NPs and GOx on a thioaniline monolayer-modified Au surface led to the formation of a bis-aniline-bridged Pt NPs/GOx composite electrode that enabled the analysis of glucose through the electrocatalyzed reduction of H2O2. Similarly, a Pt NPs/BOD composite-functionalized electrode showed electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of O2 to H2O. Also, a Au NPs/GOx composite-functionalized electrode revealed direct electrical contacting between the enzyme and the electrode through the electrocatalytic reduction of the bis-aniline bridges, and this enabled the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation and the amperometric sensing of glucose. Finally, a biofuel cell consisting of an anode modified with Nile blue/NAD+/alcohol dehydrogenase on carbon nanotubes, and a cathode composed of the bis-aniline-crosslinked Pt NPs/BOD composite was constructed. The biofuel cell operates with a power output corresponding to 200 μW cm-2. 相似文献
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利用产油微生物合成含量丰富的油脂,对于解决石化能源日益紧缺问题,改善人类生活水平具有重要意义.金属离子能影响产油微生物生长形态、细胞内外渗透压和油脂合成关键酶活力等,对产油微生物油脂合成有重要的调控作用.本文首先介绍了产油微生物的产油机制,随后重点阐述了金属离子对产油微生物油脂积累的影响及其分子机理,最后对进一步探讨金属离子在产油微生物发酵过程中的作用研究提出一些建议.文章指出由于产油微生物油脂合成途径不尽相同,在工业上利用产油微生物生产油脂时,应从该微生物油脂合成的主要途径入手,找出该途径中的关键酶,随后充分考虑不同微生物对金属离子的耐受性、不同金属离子对微生物形态和胞内关键酶活力的影响,以及不同金属离子之间对同种关键酶的活性中心是否存在竞争或协同的关系等,从而制定可行的金属离子添加控制策略. 相似文献
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Tony Vancov Shane McIntosh 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(6):818-825
BACKGROUND: Prehydrolysis of wheat stubble using moderate temperatures and dilute acid strength is an effective means for solubilizing hemicellulose fractions and improving cellulose hydrolysis. Variation in prehydrolysis parameters (temperature, time, and acid strength) and enzymatic saccharification conditions were examined for conversion of wheat stubble into fermentable sugars. RESULTS: Elevating temperature and acid strength maximized sugar release in prehydrolysate liquors. The optimal conditions of 2.0% H2SO4/60 min/121 °C effectively solubilized 79% of the available hemicellulose. Production of inhibitory hydrolysis and degradation products such as acetic acid and levulinic acid, were detected at levels of 3.4 g L?1 and 0.64 g L?1, respectively. Sugar yields in prehydrolysate and saccharified liquors were found to increase with treatment severity. Temperature had the greatest impact on sugar release, followed by acid concentration and time. Optimizing prehydrolysis conditions at 1.0% H2SO4/90 min/121 °C, produced a 3.2‐fold improvement in cellulose hydrolysis with recoveries approaching 82%. The addition of β‐glucosidase and xylanase to the cellulase preparations assisted monomeric sugar release. CONCLUSION: Although treatment conditions for hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis differ, the study's findings suggest a good degree of overlap and process flexibility which should permit high recovery of pentose and hexose sugars. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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生物油金属水热原位加氢提质技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水热液化技术可以将秸秆等木质纤维素类生物质转化为生物油,生物油提质可制备液体燃料和高附加值化学品。但生物油成分复杂,研发适宜的提质方法与工艺是当前的热点。金属水热原位加氢提质是一种新兴生物油提质技术,具有原料适应性广、成本低和效率高等优势,受到国内外广泛关注。本文从木质纤维素类生物质水热加氢提质原理、金属水热原位加氢最新研究进展及相关数值模拟方法三方面进行了综述,在此基础上指出目前该技术存在的主要问题,并指明未来研究方向。目前金属水热原位加氢提质过程活性氢和氢气作用机制尚不明晰;明确加氢催化剂与金属/金属氧化物的相互作用是制备高效加氢催化剂的关键;集总动力学和分子模拟等方法是金属水热原位加氢提质技术在理论计算领域未来的发展方向,有待进行深入研究。 相似文献