Al-10Mg 合金热压缩过程中项链组织的形成和扩展行为

本文采用旋转结晶工艺制备高镁含量的Al-10Mg合金坯料、并对其进行673K/24h固溶处理及单轴热压缩变形。通过流变应力行为及微观组织表征来分析合金动态再结晶过程中项链组织的形核及扩展行为,特别地,分析了变形温度和应变率对项链组织扩展行为的不同影响。研究表明：大角度晶界的凸出是项链组织首层再结晶晶粒的形核方式, Al-10Mg合金变形组织中有微带、应变诱发的小角度晶界和回复形成的小角度晶界等三种亚晶界。随变形温度升高,微带和回复形成的小角度晶界逐渐消失,应变诱发的小角度晶界形核及由大角度晶界迁移造成的再结晶晶粒粗化是项链组织扩展的主要方式;随应变率的降低,未再结晶的变形晶粒被划分为低取向差中心区、外层再结晶晶粒区和处于中间层的富集小角度晶界的网状结构区等三部分,应变率从6.94×10_-1/s降至6.94×10_-2/s时再结晶晶粒面积占比减小,而当应变率从6.94×10_-2/s进一步降至6.94×10_-3/s时,再结晶晶粒面积占比显著提高。     

GH4169合金非均匀组织在加热过程中的演化机理

通过对第二相状态、晶界取向差及晶粒尺寸演化的分析,研究了GH4169合金不均匀组织在加热过程中的演化机理.结果表明,GH4169合金中d相的体积分数在低温下随温度的升高和时间的延长而增加;在高温时随温度的升高而降低,随时间的延长先增加后降低至恒定值.第二相的钉扎作用表现为:晶内析出的d相和g"相阻碍位错的运动,沿晶界析出的d相阻碍再结晶晶粒的形核和长大,碳化物阻碍晶粒长大.小角度晶界的体积分数随加热温度的升高和时间的延长而降低;高温下,退火孪晶的生长使得小角度晶界含量增加.GH4169合金的组织演化机理主要包括:亚晶长大、再结晶晶粒的长大和退火孪晶的长大.新的再结晶晶粒主要通过亚晶长大过程获得,亚晶长大过程主要通过小角度晶界的转动和位错的迁移完成.晶粒长大过程受到抑制时,合金通过退火孪晶的形核及长大耗散其吸收的热量.     

573 K高温时效处理的Al-10Mg合金中粗大b(Al_3Mg_2)相对热压缩组织演化的影响及机理

对高镁Al-10Mg合金分别做了固溶与时效处理,固溶工艺为673 K、24 h,固溶后的高温时效工艺为573 K、24 h,并对固溶及时效态试样分别进行了两道次压缩实验。通过OM、XRD、EPMA、EBSD等分析表征手段,研究了时效析出的b相对高镁Al-10Mg合金热变形过程中的力学性能及微观组织演变的影响。结果表明,时效处理后晶粒内部析出了均匀分布的b相,两道次压缩实验后时效态试样的应力-应变曲线始终处于固溶态试样曲线的下方。第一道次压缩实验中时效态试样的硬化率低于固溶态试样的硬化率,在回复过程中固溶Mg原子对形变强化起主要作用;第二道次压缩实验中时效态试样的硬化率高于固溶态试样的硬化率,时效态试样内部的位错累积更显著并且更早地出现了再结晶软化。时效态试样压缩组织内残余了更多的形变储能,使b相激发出更多的小角度晶界,进而将变形晶粒基体切割成若干区块,促进了再结晶形核,从而细化了再结晶晶粒。时效态压缩组织各区块的Schmid因子分布更均匀,在后续变形过程中能承受更多的塑性变形。再结晶形核不再局限于晶界凸出(bulging)形核,再结晶晶粒不再具备典型的再结晶织构特性,各向异性被弱化。b相阻碍了位错的滑移,将部分变形储能累积在沉淀相周围的小角度晶界处,减少了滑移到变形晶粒晶界处的位错数量,从而减缓了变形晶粒晶格的旋转,使变形晶粒含有{001}和{101}2种面织构组分。     

Fe-3%Si取向电工钢初次再结晶织构的演化

分析了Fe-3%Si取向电工钢经冷轧处理后的宏观织构和微观取向。结果表明:再结晶早期形核位置主要为变形晶界、剪切带。随再结晶的进行,剪切带形核发展为优势再结晶晶粒。根据取向差原理计算再结晶晶粒与周围变形组织的取向差,取向差主要分布在25°~45°。γ纤维织构组分的变形组织储存能高,导致优先发生再结晶。再结晶初期形成了以{111}110、{111}112为主的择优取向,一直保持到再结晶结束。再结晶完成后,零星的高斯晶粒没有成为优势取向,但是高斯晶粒与周围组织取向差以大角度为主,取向差分布在25°~55°。     

退火温度对冷轧商业纯钛板材组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

传统的商业纯钛(CP-Ti)合金强度往往不能满足结构材料的需求。为了提高其力学性能,对冷轧CP-Ti合金在不同温度下退火,并详细研究其再结晶行为和织构演变。结果表明,部分再结晶形成的双态结构(等轴和拉长的晶粒)表现出极限抗拉强度(702MPa)和总伸长率(36.4%)的优异结合。CP-Ti板材的再结晶形核优先发生在高应变和大角度晶界区域。同时,变形不均匀晶粒的内部取向差增大并转变成大角度晶界,进一步促进再结晶形核。主要再结晶织构是由冷轧基面RD-分裂织构转变而来的基面TD-分裂织构,再结晶过程中定向形核起主导作用。     

固溶温度对冷轧态690合金组织及晶界分布特征的影响

通过SEM和EBSD等手段研究了950~1100 ℃固溶温度对不同变形量690合金的微观组织和晶界分布特征的影响。结果表明,当固溶温度超过1070 ℃再结晶晶粒尺寸快速增加,且较大变形量样品的晶粒尺寸小于小变形量的。变形量较小样品的固溶温度相对较大变形量的样品不宜过高。基于晶界的重位点阵(即CSL)理论进一步分析晶界分布特征,固溶处理后进行特征晶界统计分析,样品中由变形加工产生的小角度晶界特征消失,但是具有Σ3晶界特征的退火孪晶组织比例增加。在固溶温度超过1030 ℃后,Σ3晶界没有明显增加趋势。较大变形量样品的Σ3晶界密度高于低变形量的样品,表明适当提高变形量有利于提高Σ3的晶界密度。对晶粒取向的分布特征统计分析后可知,1030 ℃固溶处理变形加工后的690合金,提高了Σ3ⁿ晶界比例,特别是Σ3晶界,且较大变形量合金形成的Σ3晶界比例为19%,高于小变形量合金的17%比例。     

激光立体成形GH4169合金再结晶过程中的界面和晶体取向演化

利用电子背散射衍射技术,对激光立体成形GH4169镍基高温合金沉积态试样以及1100℃保温5和30 min水淬后试样的显微组织、晶界特点和晶体取向等进行了分析.结果表明,再结晶过程中随晶粒尺寸得到细化的同时,各晶粒的晶体取向逐渐变得随机,消除了沉积态材料中原本存在的各向异性,合金的界面特点也发生变化,大角度晶界数量逐渐增多,且再结晶后期11160°孪晶界大量出现,占总界面体积分数的44%,孪晶的形成对激光立体成形GH4169合金的晶粒细化起了很重要的作用;再结晶形核机制在再结晶初期以原始晶界的亚晶形核和晶界弓出机制为主,孪晶相关的晶粒细化机制是再结晶后期晶粒细化的重要机制.     

热轧参数对大口径厚壁316LN不锈钢管组织和性能的影响研究

使用皮尔格管材轧机在不同轧制变形量和轧制温度下热轧生产了大口径厚壁316LN不锈钢管,采用光学显微镜观察了热轧态管材和固溶态管材的显微组织,采用万能试验机测定了固溶态管材的室温拉伸力学性能。结果表明:提高轧制变形量能促进热轧过程中动态再结晶的形核过程,细化动态再结晶晶粒;提高热轧温度能促进热轧过程中动态再结晶的长大过程,粗化动态再结晶晶粒;不完全动态再结晶的热轧管材在固溶热处理过程中会发生已再结晶晶粒的异常长大,产生混晶,降低力学性能;提高轧制变形量和降低轧制温度可以细化固溶态管材的晶粒尺寸,提高力学性能。     

Ti-5321合金热处理过程中α相的析出行为

研究了Ti-5321合金不同热处理制度下的α相析出行为。结果表明:β单相区固溶后的组织为单一的β晶粒组织,α/β两相区固溶后的组织中含有β基体和分布于β基体的初生α相。这两种组织在后续的时效过程中均析出细小针状次生α相,且其尺寸随时效温度的升高而增加,不同的是,β单相区固溶加时效样品的晶界处析出的次生α相的尺寸明显大于晶内次生α相。合金从910℃缓冷过程中α相首先在晶界处析出,随后片层α集束以晶界α相为核心形核并长大,随后的520℃时效过程中析出尺寸细小的针状次生α相。电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析表明,缓冷过程中,在两侧β晶粒有平行{110}面的晶界上析出一种α相变体,这种变体与两侧的β晶粒均保持Burgers取向关系,以这种变体为形核核心向晶界两侧生长形成片层α相。在两侧β晶粒没有平行{110}面的晶界上会析出多种α相变体,每种变体只与其中一侧的β晶粒保持Burgers取向关系,且会以这种变体为形核核心向与其保持Burgers取向关系的β晶粒一侧生长形成片层α相。     

轧制变形速率对7050铝合金板材淬火敏感性的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射以及硬度测试研究轧制变形速率对7050铝合金微观组织演变的影响,分析轧制变形速率影响合金淬火敏感性的微观机理。结果表明:变形速率较小时(5 s?1和8 s?1),合金再结晶分数低,试样中存在大量的亚组织结构,亚晶粒的尺寸较小,晶界较难分辨,为小角度晶界,固溶慢速淬火的试样中少量η平衡相在亚晶界上形核析出;随着变形速率的增加,亚晶长大,晶界平直逐渐向大角度晶界转变,η平衡相在晶界上析出增加,在亚晶内部亦有明显析出;当变形速率升高至15 s?1时,固溶后试样的再结晶百分数明显增加,在大角度晶界处以及再结晶晶粒内出现大量非均匀形核析出,同时,在亚晶区域观察到较多析出,与微观组织演变对应,合金时效态硬度性能测试结果表明:随着轧制变形速率增加,慢速淬火的试样力学性能损失变大,合金淬火敏感性增加。     

Changes in the grain structure of metallic materials upon plastic treatment

Experimental data on structural changes in the process of plastic deformation of polycrystalline copper and stainless steel have been reviewed. It has been shown that the mechanisms of the formation of a new grain structure, i.e., dynamic recrystallization, depend on the conditions of treatment or flow stresses at the steady-state stage, which are determined unambiguously by the temperature and strain rate. Upon hot deformation (low flow stresses), it is local migration (bulging) of grain boundaries and subsequent growth of these bulgings that seem to be the main mechanism of formation of new grains. Since the nucleation of new grains in this case is of a heterogeneous character, the microstructure evolution can be classified as a discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. Upon worm or cold deformation (high flow stresses), we deal with a dynamically recrystallized structure only after very high degrees of deformation. The new grain structure is formed due to the growth of angular misorientation between subgrains with an increase in the total degree of deformation, which can be considered as a continuous dynamic recrystallization. Changes in the mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization with changes in the conditions of treatment lead to a bimodal dependence of the size of dynamically recrystallized grains on the flow stresses.     

Mechanism of dynamic continuous recrystallization during superplastic deformation in a microduplex stainless steel

Microstructural evolution during the cyclic cold-rolling and annealing process in an (α + γ) microduplex stainless steel, which consists of α subgrains and fine γ particles, has been studied in detail with the aim of clarifying the mechanism of dynamic continuous recrystallization. A continuous increase in α subgrain boundary misorientation is obtained by the present processing where grain boundary sliding does not occur and the effect of increasing boundary misorientation with cumulative strain is comparable to those observed in dynamic continuous recrystallization of superplastic aluminium alloys. The increase in boundary misorientation is accounted for by the absorption of dislocations into subgrain boundaries during annealing, dislocations which had operated to accommodate the plastic strain incompatibility of the neighboring phases undergoing slip deformation. The present results show that grain boundary sliding is not indispensable but the difference in accommodation deformation between adjacent subgrains is of great importance for the dynamic continuous recrystallization during superplastic deformation.     

多晶铜形变显微组织及其再结晶行为

采用TEM研究了多晶铜形变及再结晶的显微组织特征,结果发现：多晶铜的形变显微组织表现为3种不同类型,形变显微组织与晶粒的晶体学取向存在明显的依赖关系;在不同形变显微组织中位错边界两侧亚晶的取向差及位错边界间距进行定量分析的基础上,估算了第一类型组织的位错密度及其储存能,发现不同类型组织间存在明显的差别;对形变后的试样进行再结晶退火后发现,再结晶形核机制为晶界弓出形核,晶界弓出方向为储存能较高的晶粒。     

Large strain deformation of Ni3Al+B: Part II. Microstructure and texture evolution during recrystallization

The microstructure evolution and texture development of the intermetallic compound Ni₇₆Al₂₄, doped with minor additions of boron, was investigated during annealing subsequent to cold-rolling. Upon annealing of cold-rolled specimens, a hardness increase prior to recrystallization was observed. This is attributed to a relaxation process of the dislocation cores during annealing. Recrystallization proceeded with very different kinetics locally and a very small recrystallized grain size was obtained. From grain growth kinetics, the activation energy for grain boundary motion was found to be close to the activation energy for self-diffusion of Ni in Ni₃Al. The recrystallization texture was almost random. However, three texture components could be invariably recognized ({013}100, {012}021 and {112}294). They are related by special orientation relationships to the brass rolling orientation. A high frequency of annealing twins occurred in the recrystallized microstructure. The misorientation distribution function (MODF) shows a preference of certain low Σ boundaries, namely small-angle boundaries (Σ1) and twins (Σ3).     

Evolution of grain structure in AA2195 A1-Li alloy plate during recrystallization

The evolution of the grain structures in AA2195 Al-Li alloy plate warm-rolled by 80% reduction during recrystallization annealing at 500℃ was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the elongated grain structures are caused by the lamellar distribution of recrystaUization nucleation sites, being lack of large second phase particles （〉 1μm）, and dispersive coherent particles （such as δ′ and β′concentrated in planar bands. The recrystallization process may be separated into three stages： firstly, recrystallization nucleation occurs heterogeneously, and the nuclei are concentrated in some planar zones parallel to rolling plane. Secondly, the grain boundaries interacted with small particles concentrate in planar bands, which is able to result in the elongated grain structures. The rate of the grain growth is controlled by the dissolution of these small particles. Thirdly, after most of small particles are dissolved, their hindrance to migration of the grain boundaries fades away, and the unrecrystallized zones are consumed by adjacent recrystallized grains. The migration of high angle grain boundaries along normal direction leads a gradual transformation from the elongated grains to the nearly equiaxed, which is driven by the tension of the grain boundaries.     

Relating Initial Texture to Deformation Behavior During Cold Rolling and Static Recrystallization Upon Subsequent Annealing of an Extruded WE43 Alloy

Deformation behaviors during cold rolling and static recrystallization behaviors upon subsequent annealing of an extruded WE43 alloys with different initial textures were investigated in this study. Three types of differently textured WE43 initial alloys were labeled as samples Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The results showed that multiple twinning modes and basal slip dominated the deformation of samples during cold rolling. Cold-rolled sample Ⅰ activated the larger number of double twins with high strain energy...     

静态退火对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr挤压合金的微结构与织构影响

本文研究了Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr挤压合金在静态退火过程中的微结构与织构的演变。采用金相显微术、扫描电子显微术、透射电子电子显微术、差热分析仪、XRD织构测试仪及EBSD分析技术表征了合金的晶粒长大、析出相沉淀及织构改变。结果表明,退火初期的晶粒尺寸下降是由再结晶引起的;晶间不均匀变形诱发了晶间的局部析出,继而抑制了再结晶过程。织构分析表明,热挤压产生了常见的基面纤维织构和不常见的柱面纤维织构,即c轴平行于挤压方向;在静态再结晶过程中,新晶粒形核会弱化柱面纤维,而晶粒长大过程会强化柱面纤维。晶界与亚晶界上的大量析出相抑制了织构改变。     

The role of crystal misorientations during solid-state nucleation of ferrite in austenite

The role of grain and phase boundary misorientations during nucleation of ferrite in austenite has been investigated. Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed on a high-purity iron alloy with 20 wt.% Cr and 12 wt.% Ni with austenite and ferrite stable at room temperature in order to identify the crystallographic misorientation between austenite grains and between ferrite and austenite grains. It is observed that the specific orientation relationships between ferrite and austenite play a dominant role during solid-state nucleation of ferrite. Ferrite grains nucleate on grain faces independently of the misorientation between austenite grains, although random high-angle grain boundaries have a slightly higher efficiency. Different types of nucleation mechanisms are found to be active during ferrite formation at grain faces. A slight deformation of the austenite matrix was found to triple the number of ferrite nuclei during isothermal annealing.     

Recrystallized microstructural evolution of UFG copper prepared by asymmetrical accumulative rolling-bonding process

Copper sheet with grain size of 30-60μm was processed by plastic deformation of asymmetrical accumulative rolling-bonding(AARB)with the strain of 3.2.The effects of annealing temperature and time on microstructural evolution were studied by means of electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).EBSD grain mapping,recrystallization pole figure and grain boundary misorientation angle distribution graph were constructed,and the characteristics were assessed by microstructure,grain size,grain boundary misorientation and texture.The results show that ultra fine grains(UFG)are obtained after annealing at 250℃ for 30?40 min.When the annealing is controlled at 250℃for 40 min,the recrystallization is finished,a large number of small grains appear and most grain boundaries consist of low-angle boundaries.The character of texture is rolling texture after the recrystallization treatment,but the strength of the texture is faint.While second recrystallization happens,{110}1ī2+{112}11ī texture component disappears and turns into{122}212cube twin texture component.     

Microstructure evolution in a large—grained TiAl alloy

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