共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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开展了煤矸石和赤泥协同提取氧化铝研究,考察了添加赤泥对煤矸石活化提取氧化铝及对助剂碳酸钠消耗量的影响,并利用TG-DSC和XRD研究了赤泥添加对煤矸石活化过程的影响。结果表明,“煤矸石-赤泥-Na2CO3”混合样中氧化铝的溶出率随Na/Al摩尔比和煅烧温度的增加而增加,在Al/Si摩尔比为1的条件下,当Na/Al摩尔比为1.2、煅烧温度为850℃时,混合样的氧化铝溶出率可达到91.7%,与碳酸钠直接活化煤矸石相比,碳酸钠消耗量可降低77.9%。TG-DSC和XRD的结果表明,煤矸石、赤泥以及碳酸钠在低于700℃时相互作用比较弱,在高于800℃时三者发生相互作用,赤泥的加入由于调整了样品中的Al/Si摩尔比,使反应的最终物相选择性地向Na∶Al∶Si摩尔比为1∶1∶1的霞石和沸石相转化。 相似文献
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采用共沉淀-水热复合法制备Ni-Mg/Al2O3催化剂,考察焙烧和还原温度对其结构和甲烷化催化性能的影响,通过XRD,H2-TPR,TEM等表征,发现随焙烧温度升高,催化剂中NiAl2O4物相呈增多趋势,至900℃时,催化剂中镍物种完全以NiAl2O4形式存在,催化剂表面积从500℃焙烧的130m2/g降至900℃焙烧的34m2/g.针对600℃焙烧的催化剂,反应活性随还原温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其最佳还原温度为650℃,这主要是受Ni物种还原度、还原后Ni晶粒尺寸等多重因素影响.通过关联甲烷化性能与催化剂结构发现,NiO与载体之间相互作用适中,还原后表面能够形成较小的镍晶粒,催化剂具有较好的甲烷化活性和稳定性. 相似文献
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利用煤矸石制备复合耐火材料是实现煤矸石高值利用的有效途径之一.以山西平朔煤矸石为研究对象,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究了1200~1500 ℃氩气(Ar)和氮气(N2)气氛下煤矸石中矿物质的碳热还原反应情况,并通过变换两种气体通入次序,研究了气氛通入次序对矿物质碳热还原反应的影响.结果显示,只通入Ar时,高温样品中的莫来石在1300 ℃时开始发生碳热反应生成碳硅石(SiC);只通入N2时,莫来石在1300 ℃时发生碳热还原氮化反应生成β-Sialon相(Si5AlON7)和刚玉相(Al2O3);当先通入Ar并停留1 h后通入N2停留2 h时,样品中生成的碳硅石在通入N2后转化为β-Sialon相,而且中间体碳硅石的生成能够明显促进莫来石向β-Sialon相的转化.当煤矸石中碳含量较低时,热处理过程中难以同时生成SiC相和Sialon相.高温下煤矸石样品中β-Sialon相的生成使样品表面的棒状颗粒增多. 相似文献
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为了得出粒度对赤泥在煤基条件下等速率加热过程中的直接还原反应的转化过程及反应动力学的影响,采用热分析技术、扫描电镜等手段研究了赤泥在直接还原过程中的热行为和不同条件下焙烧产物中铁矿物的存在形式等。实验结果发现,煤基条件下的直接还原反应主要分为赤泥脱水和铁氧化物还原两个阶段。通过计算得出了这几种粒度的赤泥的还原度,同时运用Coats-Redfern积分法推断出了试样在各个阶段的最概然机理函数和活化能、频率因子等反应动力学参数,并且用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法对计算结果进行了验证。 相似文献
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采用"混炼-挤出-干燥-煅烧"工艺制备了不同废弃选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂混掺比例的新催化剂样品,在自制实验台架上进行了脱硝性能和脱硝寿命评估实验。实验表明,当废催化剂混掺比例小于5%时,样品脱硝性能相比无混掺样品有轻微下降,催化剂脱硝效率随运行时间的衰减速率正常;当混掺比例大于5%时,催化剂样品脱硝性能大幅衰减,催化剂寿命缩短。结合N2吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段分析,废催化剂的掺入会将碱金属、As等有害物质带入到高混掺量的样品中,导致催化剂脱硝性能下降;混掺比例高达15%时,15-cat样品表面复杂程度大幅下降,不利于SCR反应进行。实验论证了较高废弃催化剂混掺比例会严重影响制备所得新催化剂的脱硝性能。 相似文献
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溶解性有机质(DOM)作为水环境中重要的天然有机配体和迁移载体,是影响水体汞还原的主要因素之一。本文综述了近年来DOM对水体汞还原影响的研究进展,并系统阐述了DOM影响汞还原反应的作用机制以及研究中存在的问题,最后提出了今后应该进一步研究的重点问题。 相似文献
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粉煤灰是燃煤电厂中煤粉燃烧后的固体废弃物,其日益累积不但会占用大量土地资源,还会破坏原有的自然环境,造成严重污染,近年来粉煤灰的处理和资源化利用受到广泛关注。激发粉煤灰的潜在活性是提高粉煤灰综合利用率的关键。对粉煤灰的物理活性和化学活性来源进行了介绍,并对粉煤灰活性的物理激发、水热激发及化学激发技术与激发机理进行了综述,为后续粉煤灰的活化研究和大规模利用提供了参考。不同手段均能激发粉煤灰活性,但采用单一手段激发时存在活化成本高、激发程度低等问题。未来粉煤灰激发技术将朝着多种手段并用的方向发展。 相似文献
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中国新疆准东煤具有储量巨大、开采成本低、挥发分高、硫含量低等特点,是优质的动力用煤。但准东煤钠含量高,燃烧利用时易在受热面上形成烧结性积灰,产生严重的结渣,极大限制了高钠煤的开发利用。因此,要实现高钠煤的清洁高效利用,需充分认识高钠煤灰的烧结特性。总结了高钠煤积灰结渣机理,概述了高钠煤灰烧结机制,探讨了二者之间的内在关联。高钠煤在燃烧过程中,煤中碱金属(主要为钠)释放并以Na_2SO_4、NaCl及Na的形式存在于烟气中,与受热面接触并于其上冷凝形成黏性内白层,内白层捕获飞灰颗粒后反应生成低熔点化合物,其烧结温度降低,使锅炉受热面上发生沾污增强型的"沾污烧结"过程。高钠煤灰的烧结过程包含固相烧结、液相烧结和气相烧结3种方式,对煤灰烧结过程的影响因素包括反应温度、化学组成、煤灰粒径、反应气氛、添加剂种类、锅炉设计和锅炉运行工况等。其中添加剂按氧化物种类可分为碱性氧化物和酸性氧化物,一般情况下碱性氧化物可以降低煤灰烧结温度,酸性氧化物可提高煤灰烧结温度。未来对于提高高钠煤灰烧结温度的研究方向可从新型添加剂出发,找到既能固定烟气中的钠,又能与灰渣中的低熔点含钠矿物质反应生成高熔点化合物的单一或混合成分的添加剂。同时,关于钠蒸气对积灰结渣在微观层面上的动态特性的影响机制也需进一步研究。概述了煤灰烧结温度的测量方法,热导率分析法、压力测量法、热机械分析法、筛分法和压降法,其中压降法是目前为止测量烧结温度较为准确的方法。介绍了上海理工大学碳基燃料洁净转化实验室在高钠煤灰烧结特性方面的研究方向,以期为解决燃用高钠煤锅炉积灰结渣问题提供参考。 相似文献
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This study has been focused on the effect of pretreatment of FA and POFA after geopolymerization on the mechanical properties. The aim of this work was to simplify the pretreatment that it can easily industrial be applied, using existing technology. Previous work has shown that a reduction in particle size increases the mechanical properties. However, this method involves a milling process which is not applicable for a wide industrial application. Hence, FA and POFA particles have been heated to 300°C, 500°C, and 800°C but applying different pretreatments: (i) predried at 110°C (reference sample); (ii) as received; (iii) prewetted; (iv) prewetted and later quenched in cold water. It was found that during the treatment the particle size increased due to thermal stress cracking. During fast heating, trapped pore water cannot be removed as fast as it evaporates and hence the particles crack. This increase in particle size caused an increase in compressive strength. In addition, heating to 300°C and 500°C caused a dehydroxylation of FA and POFA. This dehydroxylation resulted in a higher initial reactivity, reducing the setting time and improved mechanical strength. 相似文献
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《应用化工》2022,(3)
以淀粉为主要原料,硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)为催化剂,双氧水(H_2O_2)、亚硫酸氢钠(Na HSO3)为引发剂,苯乙烯(Styrene)、丙烯酸丁酯(Butyl Acrylate)为单体,合成一种增强剂乳液,对无机纤维表面进行改性,改变其刚性强、脆性大、易断裂的缺点。采用单因素实验,探索了FeSO_4、H_2O_2、引发剂配比、单体配比用量等对增强剂性能的影响。通过乳液粒径分析、纤维过筛法、扫描电镜等对纤维改性结果进行评估。结果表明,粉煤灰/煤矸石纤维增强剂合成最佳用量为:FeSO_4=0.02 g,氧化降解H_2O_2=2.5 g,引发剂H_2O_2/NaHSO_3=5.0(质量比),单体St/BA=13∶7(质量比)。 相似文献
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《应用化工》2017,(3)
以淀粉为主要原料,硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)为催化剂,双氧水(H_2O_2)、亚硫酸氢钠(Na HSO3)为引发剂,苯乙烯(Styrene)、丙烯酸丁酯(Butyl Acrylate)为单体,合成一种增强剂乳液,对无机纤维表面进行改性,改变其刚性强、脆性大、易断裂的缺点。采用单因素实验,探索了FeSO_4、H_2O_2、引发剂配比、单体配比用量等对增强剂性能的影响。通过乳液粒径分析、纤维过筛法、扫描电镜等对纤维改性结果进行评估。结果表明,粉煤灰/煤矸石纤维增强剂合成最佳用量为:FeSO_4=0.02 g,氧化降解H_2O_2=2.5 g,引发剂H_2O_2/NaHSO_3=5.0(质量比),单体St/BA=13∶7(质量比)。 相似文献
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粉煤灰浓硫酸焙烧法提取Al2O3工艺中焙烧过程十分重要,研究发现适当提升硫酸浓度、酸灰质量比和温度可增大Al转化率,而延长焙烧时间影响并不显著;在硫酸浓度80%、酸灰质量比1.5:1、温度270℃和时间60 min条件下,Al转化率可达92 %~95%。TG/DSC与XRD分析表明,焙烧过程反应主要分为3个阶段:80~206℃时形成中间产物Al(HSO4)3及H2O气化;206~241℃时生成Al(HSO4)3及Al2(SO4)3·H2O;241~304℃时由Al2(SO4)3·H2O和Al(HSO4)3二者分解转化成Al2(SO4)3。由Kissinger微分法与Ozawa积分法分别计算出3个阶段表观活化能后取二者平均值,分别为52.61、74.11、96.08 kJ·mol-1,并获得频率因子、反应级数和动力学方程,所获结果可为粉煤灰硫酸焙烧法提取Al2O3焙烧工艺设计和过程优化提供理论参考和基础数据。 相似文献
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The development of strength of pellets of fly ash with sintering temperature was investigated. Pellets heated below the shrinkage or electrical (Raask) sinter point did not develop strength over several hours. Hot crushing of pellets above the sinter point gave plastic deformation, presumably due to liquid on the particle surfaces. Cooling below the sinter point before crushing gave the same strength as crushing at room temperature, showing strength was due to solidification. Strength as a function of heat treatment temperature (1 h duration) above the sinter point went through a maximum, indicating that liquid is removed at higher temperature. SEM analysis of the cold pellets showed glassy sintering at conditions of maximum strength, and crystallization of mullite as strength decreased with higher heat treatment temperatures. Results suggest that iron silicate compositions increased the maximum sinter strength more than sodium silicate compositions. Water washing of fly ash reduced maximum strength. Addition of Na20 or surface films of sodium carbonate to a synthetic mineral mixture reduced the sinter point and led to strength development at lower temperatures: however, too high additions reduced the maximum strength. 相似文献
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Hongcheng Mi Longsheng Yi Qian Wu Jin Xia Binghang Zhang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(13):18218-18229
High-strength ceramsite was prepared from red mud, fly ash, and bentonite without any other chemical additives by a two-stage sintering process. In addition, the raw material weight ratio, and sintering condition (sintering temperature, sintering time, preheating temperature, and preheating time) were investigated, and their effects on the ceramsite properties were determined. The mineral compositions, crystalline phases, microstructures, and hazardous substances solidification were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Under the optimal synthetic conditions (RM:fly ash:bentonite = 60:30:10, preheating temperature of 450 °C, preheating time of 10 min, sintering temperature of 1150 °C, and sintering time of 25min), the ceramsite exhibited a high compressive strength of 21.01 MPa, 1-h water absorption of 1.21%, and bulk density and apparent density were 994 and 1814 kg/m3, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of toxic substances leaching from the ceramsite were considerably lower than the Chinese national standard (GB 3838-2002), which implies that RM-based ceramsite cannot cause secondary environmental pollution. The prepared ceramsite exhibiting a high compressive strength, low water absorption, and effective solidification of deleterious elements can be used to prepare building concrete and lightweight partition boards. Importantly, the reuse of RM for the production of ceramsite is an effective approach for the disposal of harmful RM. 相似文献