固定层间歇生产造气炉的合适吹风量分析

就固定层间歇生产的造气炉而言，影响制气反应的主要因素是温度。如果气化层温度尚未接近灰熔点，温度偏低时，增加吹风时问百分比或加大风量都能提高气化层温度，从而有利于蒸汽分解多产煤气，但如果气化层温度已达到灰熔点附近，继续提高吹风量则会造成炉内结块结疤。若炉箅结构优良，炉条转速得当，使疤块及时松动开裂不至于连成一体，高负荷操作还有点希望，否则疤块连接生产将无以为继。因此，在气化操作中，风量的大小是至关重要的。     

块煤焦固定层间歇气化造气炉炉况优化调控

本通过对吹风效率、炉上温度、气化效率、气化层温度跟一次风流量关系方面情况优化的调控步骤、确认指标、督察指标，最后提出回收余热的要求。     

兰炭在乌化固定层间歇造气中的应用

1潜言造气既是合成氨生产的龙头,又是合成氨能耗大户,造气占合成氨成本的60%。原料价格的波动对合成氨效益十分敏感,造气原料品质的好坏对造气炉产气量有较大的影响。随着焦炭供应的日趋紧张,严重威胁着合成氨的效益及生产能力的提高和正常生产。为稳定生产和提高经济效益,我公     

固定层造气炉"三两三一”操作法

提出"两高、两宜、两恒、一低、一近、一匀”操作法,即高炭层(≥8块砖),高风量(≥40000m3/h);适宜的炉上下气道温度(600±50℃及150±25℃),适宜的上下吹制气CO2含量(7%±1%);基本恒定的炉条速度,基本恒定的加炭量;最低的吹风烟气可燃物含量(CO为0%);最接近的燃烧室和上气道温度;一样均匀的两灰斗灰况.按现有烧15～70块度,＜5%的水分,＜3%的挥发分,＞77%的固定炭,＜0.8%的硫分,dp25＜2%的含粉率之山西本地原料焦,固定层造气炉的生产能力应至少在950m3/(m2@h)以上.     

Φ3600造气炉吹风气回收的设计与实践

简要地介绍了与Φ３６００造气炉枰套的吹风气回收装置的工艺流程、技术特点以及该装置的运行情况。从使用的实际情况看,该装置运行可靠,经济效益显著。     

延长间歇式固定层造气炉系统检修周期的途径

为提高煤气发生炉系统的检修周期，以利于计划检修和煤气炉系统经济运行，本文提出了煤气炉及其废热锅炉、燃烧室、管线、自动控制机（或微机）及自动阀门等采取的相应措施。     

固定层造气炉节能途径的探讨

通过固定层煤气炉内化学反应的分析和计算,探讨固定床间歇式煤气发生炉制取半水煤气过程中几种极端工况下的原料煤耗和正常生产条件下原料煤耗,提出了降低消耗的节能途径。     

浅谈固定层煤造气炉新型宝塔炉箅的设计

1　概　述YHLB- OO型宝塔形炉箅包括 A、B、C、D、E、F六层和灰犁及破渣肋 ,各层面四周出风 ,出风间距合理分配 ,层间相叠 ,球卡台联结 ,其中风帽 A边沿有圆缺 ,炉箅 B、C、D边沿有犁灰头和推灰掌 ,E侧边沿有锯齿形割渣刀 ,E对面的夹套内壁焊有破渣肋 ,F外侧有贮灰仓及长灰犁。本炉箅不仅布风合理均匀 ,而最突出的是松动灰渣的能力强 ,推落灰渣的方法巧妙 ,切割灰渣的措施得力 ,保护夹套内壁的方法得当 ,排出灰渣的思路得法 ,非常有利于提高单炉煤气产量。2　炉箅高度的确定造气炉内的灰层应呈圆锥壳形 ,炉内物料下移后 ,最终落灰在…     

固定层间歇造气技术发展展望

当前,有很多厂依然在使用固定层煤制气技术,有些厂选用了德士古水煤浆制气或壳牌粉煤制气后仍然开着固定层造气炉,这说明固定层间歇制气技术发展空间还很大。为此,笔者提出了下一步有待完善固定层间歇制气技术的发展展望。     

降低固定层造气炉无烟煤输送损耗

兖矿鲁南化肥厂建厂时的第一套合成氨系统是以无烟块煤为原料，采用固定层常压造气法生产半水煤气，该套装置的无烟煤场距造气炉较远，其无烟煤输送流程为：无烟煤→吊车→11^#皮带→12^#皮带→13^#皮带→2^#皮带→1^#筛分→2^#筛分，之后分为两路，→路（大颗粒煤）→4^#皮带→（2）3．6m造气炉（4台），另一路（小颗 粒煤）→9^#、10^#皮带→φ3m造气炉（3台）。     

固定层煤气炉技术改造

分析了固定层煤气炉存在的问题,提出了吹风入炉箅气室气流速度控制,吹风气出炭层气流速度控制,煤气炉排渣角与炉渣安息角的关系等论点,并提出了具体的煤气炉改造方法。     

水冷壁气化炉紧急停车渣层热应力分析

基于实验室小型水冷壁气流床气化炉,研究了两种油渣浆气化后在炉内壁形成渣层的内部结构及组成。建立了气化炉水冷壁的三维传热和应力模型,对气化炉紧急停车时炉壁的热应力变化及其分布进行了模拟计算。计算结果表明：渣层中越靠近渣层表面,热应力的变化越大;靠近水冷管和渣钉处的渣层热应力变化相对较小;渣层表面温度变化相同时,孔隙率大的渣层产生的形变较大。     

固定层煤气发生炉吹风气除尘综述

介绍煤气炉吹风气除尘发展状况及除尘器种类;阐述各类型除尘器的工作原理。     

Flaming pyrolysis model of the fixed bed cross draft long-stick wood gasifier

The future industrial development of biomass energy depends on the application of renewable energy technology in an efficient manner. Of all the competing technologies under biomass, gasifiers are considered to be one of most viable applications. The use of biomass fuel, especially biomass wastes, for distributed power production can be economically viable in many parts of the world through gasification of biomass. Since biomass, is a clean and renewable fuel, gasification gives the opportunity to convert biomass into clean fuel gas or synthesis gas for industrial uses. The preparation of feedstock for a gasifier requires time, energy and labour and this has been a setback for gasifier technology development. The present work is focused on gasification of long-stick wood as a feed material for gasifiers. This application makes reduction not only in the cost but also on the power consumption of feed material preparation. A 50 m³/h capacity gasifier was fabricated in the cross draft mode. The cross draft mode makes it possible to produce low tar content in producer gas. This cross draft mode operates with 180 W of blower supply for air to produce 10 kW of thermal output. The initial bed heights of the long-stick wood and charcoal are 58 cm and 48 cm respectively. Results were obtained for various flow conditions with air flow rates ranging from 20 to 30 m³/h. For modelling, the flaming pyrolysis time for long-stick wood in the gasifier is calculated to be 1.6 min. The length of the flaming pyrolysis zone and char gasification zone is found to be 34 cm and 30 cm respectively. The rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h. Continuous operation for 5 h was used for three runs to study the performance. In this study we measured the temperature and pressure in the different zones as a function of airflow. We measured the gas flow and efficiency of the gasifier in order to determine its commercial potential for process and power industries.     

气流床煤气化炉壁面反应模型

建立了气流床煤气化炉煤灰渣颗粒沉积和壁面反应模型,相应完善了渣层流动、传热传质和相变模型,发展了数值模拟方法,并以国内某型两段式干煤粉加压气流床煤气化中试炉为对象进行了模拟。利用建立的模型可以得到壁面反应速率、渣层含碳量、固态渣层厚度、液态渣层厚度、渣层平均温度和液态渣层平均速度等。结果表明:氧煤比升高,渣层平均温度升高,固态渣层厚度、液态渣层厚度和气化炉出口灰渣含碳量降低。计算得到的灰渣含碳量在14%左右,整体碳转化率为95.2%左右,与实际值相近。通过模拟发现壁面反应对于所分析气化炉的碳转化率、排渣含碳量、壁面渣层流动和温度状态具有重要影响,进而影响气化炉的安全稳定运行。     

Gasification characteristics of combustible wastes in a 5 ton/day fixed bed gasifier

The gasification characteristics of combustible wastes were determined in a 5 ton/day fixed bed gasifier (1.2 m I.D. and 2.8m high). The fixed bed gasifier consisted of air compressor, oxygen tank, MFC, fixed bed gasifier, cyclone, heat exchanger, solid/gas separator, water fluidized bed reactor and blower. To capture soot or unburned carbon from the gasification reaction, solid/gas separator and water fluidized bed were used. The experiments with 10–50 hours of operation were carried out to determine the effects of bed temperature, solid/oxygen ratio and oxidant on the gas composition, calorific value and carbon conversion. The calorific values of the produced gas decreased with an increase of bed temperature because combustion reaction happened more actively. The gas composition of partial oxidation of woodchip is CO: 34.4%, H₂: 10.7%, CH₄: 6.0%, CO₂: 48.9% and that of RPF is CO: 33.9%, H₂: 26.1%, CH₄: 10.7%, CO₂: 29.2%. The average calorific values of produced gas were about 1,933 kcal/Nm³, 2,863 kcal/Nm³, respectively. The maximum calorific values were 3,100 kcal/Nm³ at RPF/oxygen ratio: 7     

Experimental investigations of long stick wood gasification in a bottom lit updraft fixed bed gasifier

Based on the experience of the gasifier users on the efforts and energy for wood chip preparation in a typical gasifier, we have embarked on the development of a gasifier suitable to work with long stick woody biomass as the feed materials. In the context of the impact of gasifiers, as decentralized energy delivery devices such an approach, it is hoped, would be an attractive option in rural areas both in domestic and industrial sectors. In the present paper in the gasifier operation, there is a fixed quantity of char that is combusted to gasify a fixed amount of wood, and the gasifier does not operate in a steady state manner. In this present work, focus is made on the development of a gasifier using long sticks of wood as feed materials. With this concept, a 10 kW thermal output power gasifier is designed and constructed. The gas and airflows can be converted to the air/fuel ratio, the most important aspect of gasifier operation. The air/fuel ratio shows operation in a combustion mode at start up, a gasification mode for the middle part of the run and a charcoal gasification mode at the end of the run. Since the interest here is exploring and validating of this concept, a bottom lit updraft gasifier is designed mainly to look at the gas yield and other favourable factors and to use this gas so obtained for thermal applications. The rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h and continuous operation for 5 h was made in a couple of runs to study the performance. In this paper we report the salient features of our efforts and results, yielding a gasifier efficiency of 73%.     

水冷壁气流床气化炉渣层热应力数值模拟方法的改进

固态渣层能够保护气流床气化炉的水冷壁,防止其受到高温合成气直接辐射以及液态熔渣的侵蚀。本文提出一种数值模拟渣层热应力的改进方法,并应用该改进方法对降温阶段渣层热应力的变化进行模拟研究。在渣层热应力的数值模拟研究中,经常假定水冷壁渣层的热应力变化基于一个固定的参考温度（比如环境温度25℃）。然而对于降温阶段的水冷壁气流床气化炉,一个固定的参考温度值并不能表征渣层"无应力"的初始状态,在此基础上计算将会得到一个不合理的渣层应力分布结果。针对该问题,提出了一种改进方法：将水冷壁渣层分割为多个子计算域,每个子计算域内单独设置参考温度,以此实现在整个水冷壁渣层上施加一个近似为降温初始时刻的参考温度分布,从而使渣层在降温初始时刻处于"无应力"状态。同时,对前人文献中的三维水冷壁渣层结构在降温过程中的热应力变化情况进行计算,以此测试改进方法的准确性,改进方法得到的模拟结果与其他参考文献得到的渣层热应力变化趋势一致。