聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

原纤化PBO纤维耐高温复合隔膜的制备

隔膜对锂离子电池安全性能有着重要影响。为了提高隔膜的耐热性能,采用湿法成型技术,使用聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)原纤化纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)无纺布作为原料,制备了一种耐高温的双层复合隔膜(PET/PBO)。差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热尺寸收缩实验证明,PET/PBO复合膜与商用PP隔膜Celgard 2500相比具有更出色的热稳定性,225℃下尺寸收缩仅2.5%;湿法成型工艺又赋予隔膜更高的孔隙率,可达70%;PBO面与电解液接触角仅为14°,具有良好的电解液浸润性;充放电实验证明,PET/PBO隔膜组装的电池有着良好的循坏和倍率性能。表明该复合膜是高性能锂离子电池隔膜的理想候选者。     

基于导电聚合物的太赫兹频率选择表面

导电聚合物材料聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)：聚4-苯乙烯磺酸盐(PSS)是一种在太赫兹波段很有潜力的多功能材料。为了验证其代替金属应用于太赫兹超材料(MMs)中的可能性,设计了一个基于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)掺杂PEDOT:PSS的太赫兹频率选择表面(FSS),并通过CST Microwave Studio软件模拟了该FSS在太赫兹波段的性能。研究结果表明,该FSS在谐振频率下可实现强带阻,调制深度可达50 dB。     

高性能有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)制备及其导电机制

详细介绍了在SiO2和高kHfO2介质层上制备并五苯薄膜晶体管方面的研究,特别是利用原子力显微技术(AFM)和静电力显微技术(EFM)研究了并五苯分子初始生长模式,揭示了衬底形貌、表面化学性能(包括化学清洗和聚合物层修饰)对有机半导体成膜结构和薄膜场效应晶体管性能之间的关联,包括晶体管迁移率、开关比和阈值电压等;针对并五苯初始生长成核模式的差异,分析了不同岛(畴)间畴边界对载流子在有机薄膜内输运的影响,有助于理解有机半导体薄膜导电机理。通过优化和控制介电层和有机半导体薄膜层的界面化学性质,在SiO2介质层上成功制备出迁移率为1.0cm2/V.s、开关电流比达到106的OTFT器件;在高kHfO2介质层上获得的OTFT器件的工作电压在-5V以下,开关电流比达到105,载流子迁移率为0.6cm2/V.s;器件性能指标已经达到目前国际上文献报道的最好水平。     

一种低吸高透型频率选择表面设计与制备

设计并实验验证了一种具有低频吸收、高频透射性能的频率选择表面(FSS)。通过将加载集总电阻的吸波型FSS 与具有频谱滤波特性的低反高透型FSS 进行复合设计,获得对特定频段入射电磁波的选择性吸收与透射,从而实现吸波与透波的一体化设计。仿真结果表明,所设计的复合FSS 在低频段(7.5-9.5 GHz)内吸收率大于90%,而在高频段(15.5-19 GHz)内透射率大于70%,最大透射率在18.1 GHz 达到80%。利用电路板印刷工艺制备了复合FSS样品,并进行了实验测试,测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。所设计的吸透一体化FSS在新型隐身天线罩领域具有较大的应用价值。     

随机分布频率选择表面对材料电磁波吸收性能影响的实验研究

研究了由随机分布的电阻薄膜构成的频率选择表面(FSS)对复合材料电磁波吸波性能的影响。讨论了FSS中电阻薄膜的表面占有率,电阻薄膜的面分布状态以及电阻薄膜的面电阻等因素对材料反射率变化的作用。实验结果表明,在复合材料中加入适当表面占有率的FSS可以显著地提高复合材料在频率低端的吸收效果。具有非对称分布形态的FSS比对称分布的FSS能更好地改进复合材料的吸收性能,同时吸收性的改进也和导电膜的表面电阻有关。     

利用频率选择表面改善微波吸收材料S波段的吸波性能

研究了如何利用金属周期性频率选择表面(FSS)的频率特性来改善微波吸收材料S波段的吸波性能。利用频率选择表面的等效电路和传输线理论分析了FSS和吸波材料涂层双层结构的微波反射特性。采用基于有限元方法的电磁波全波分析软件设计并仿真分析了FSS的结构和尺寸,实际制作了FSS和吸波材料涂层双层结构,测量了微波反射性能。理论分析和实验研究表明,利用FSS可以明显改善吸波材料涂层S波段的吸波性能,展宽涂层的吸波带宽,从而改善吸波材料的低频吸波性能。     

基于耶路撒冷十字图案FSS宽带RAS的设计与性能研究北大核心CSCD

设计并制备了一种基于耶路撒冷十字图案的频率选择表面(FSS)吸波结构。吸波结构基本单元是由石墨烯耶路撒冷十字结构、高发泡聚氨酯泡沫和金属铝板组成。通过电磁仿真软件,探究了FSS的单元结构参数对吸波结构电磁性能的影响。仿真结果表明,吸波结构的相对带宽和吸收效果可以通过改变FSS单元参数来调节。采用遗传算法对FSS吸波结构进行参数优化并制备了吸波结构样件。利用单喇叭测试系统对样件的反射率进行了测试,测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,结果表明该吸波结构在反射率为-20 dB以下的相对带宽为0.72,且在8.6~18.0 GHz的频率范围内均可达99%以上的吸收效果。     

双层错位频率选择表面的电磁特性分析

针对双层频率选择表面(FSS)在曲面应用中容易出现单元错位问题,基于耦合积分方程建立错位FSS结构的理论分析模型,分析了双层错位FSS的电磁特性.采用谱域矩量法并结合周期性边界条件,将各层单元表面电流的计算范围限定在一个周期内;对于错位层FSS单元被周期边界截断的情况,考虑了周期边界上导体表面电流的连续性;选用RWG(Rao-Wilton-Glisson)基函数描述导体表面的感应电流,以实现对任意形状FSS单元的数值计算.以方环形贴片单元为例验证了算法的准确性,并考察了周期边界的电流连续性对FSS电磁特性的影响,分析了层间距、入射极化方向和错位量等参数对错位FSS结构散射特性的影响.     

基于LC耦合机制调谐设计薄屏宽带频率选择表面

以环形单元为基础设计出一种三屏金属阵列通过两层薄介质级联的频率选择表面(FSS)。建立等效电路模型,根据传输线理论给出金属栅格阵列(感性表面)与间隔的金属方环(容性表面)的近似电容、电感公式,通过调整结构几何参数分析LC 耦合机制,调谐出最优的宽带传输特性。最后,采用PCB 加工工艺制备了FSS 样件并在暗室进行了传输特性测试。得到的测试结果与数值结果一致,结果表明这种频率选择表面对电磁波大角度入射和不同电磁波极化方式都具有稳定的传输特性。     

柔性导电织物键盘设计

针对便携式电子设备及可穿戴计算机系统对柔性、可折叠、多功能输入设备的需求,采用导电织物结合触摸屏控制器开发一种织物键盘,对设备组成原理、传感器材料选取、键盘结构设计、控制程序编写等3个关键问题进行探讨。测试了4种导电织物的面电阻值,根据标准差率最小原则,选取面电阻值为2 646Ω,标准差为114Ω的织物作为传感器材料;根据五线式触摸屏控制电路的功能要求设计了全织物的5层键盘结构,其中2层为导电织物层,实现按压点位置与电压信号的转换。采用Cypress公司的软件开发包,USB接口协议,在Microsoft VS2005开发环境下设计了计算机采集程序。经测试,织物键盘定位值的线性拟合R2值为0.999 5,提供了一种完全基于织物的高精度、柔性键盘解决方案。     

Novel dry polymer foam electrodes for long-term EEG measurement

A novel dry foam-based electrode for long-term EEG measurement was proposed in this study. In general, the conventional wet electrodes are most frequently used for EEG measurement. However, they require skin preparation and conduction gels to reduce the skin-electrode contact impedance. The aforementioned procedures when wet electrodes were used usually make trouble to users easily. In order to overcome the aforesaid issues, a novel dry foam electrode, fabricated by electrically conductive polymer foam covered by a conductive fabric, was proposed. By using conductive fabric, which provides partly polarizable electric characteristic, our dry foam electrode exhibits both polarization and conductivity, and can be used to measure biopotentials without skin preparation and conduction gel. In addition, the foam substrate of our dry electrode allows a high geometric conformity between the electrode and irregular scalp surface to maintain low skin-electrode interface impedance, even under motion. The experimental results presented that the dry foam electrode performs better for long-term EEG measurement, and is practicable for daily life applications.     

表面改性碳纳米管/PMMA复合材料的电性能

在悬浮液中加入表面改性剂,改变纳米粒子表面的性质,从而抑制纳米粒子间的团聚,有力地改善了碳纳米管在聚合物中的分布,增强了纳米复合材料的电性能。并研究了不同的改性剂对电性能的影响。经研究,经过十八醇表面改性后的纳米粒子对纳米复合材料的电性能影响最好,改性后的MWNTs/PMMA纳米复合材料电阻最小可达到4k?左右。     

Silver Surface Iodination for Enhancing the Conductivity of Conductive Composites

The electrical conductivity of a silver microflake‐filled conductive composites is dramatically improved after a filler surface treatment. By a simple iodine solution treatment, nonstoichiometric silver/silver iodide nanoislands form on the silver filler surface. Evidence of the decrease of surface silver oxide species is provided by TOF‐SIMS and the redox property of the nanoclusters is studied using cyclic voltammetry and TOF‐SIMS depth profile analyses. The redox property of the nanoclusters on silver flakes helps enhance the electrical conductivity of the conductive composites. The electrical resistivity of the improved conductive composites is measured by four‐point probe method; the reliability of the printed thin film resistors is evaluated by both the 85 °C/85% relative humidity moisture exposure and the −40 ∼ 125 °C thermal cycling exposure. The conductive composite printed radio frequency identification (RFID) antennas with 27.5 wt% of the modified silver flake content show comparable performance in the RFID tag read range versus copper foil antennas, and better than those commercial conductive adhesives that require much higher silver content (i.e., 80 wt%). This work suggests that a surface chemistry method can significantly reduce the percolation threshold of the loading level of the silver flakes and improve the electrical conductivity of an important printed electronic passive component.     

Strain sensing fabric for hand posture and gesture monitoring.

In this paper, we report on a new technology used to implement strain sensors to be integrated in usual garments. A particular conductive mixture based on commercial products is realized and directly spread over a piece of fabric, which shows, after the treatment, piezoresistive properties, i.e., a change in resistance when it is strained. This property is exploited to realize sensorized garments such as gloves, leotards, and seat covers capable of reconstructing and monitoring body shape, posture, and gesture. In general, this technology is a good candidate for adherent wearable systems with excellent mechanical coupling with body surface. Here, we mainly focused on a sensorized glove able to detect posture and movements of the fingers. It could be used in several fields of application. We report on experimental results of a sensorized glove used as movements recorder for rehabilitation therapies and medicine. Furthermore, we describe a dedicated methodology used to read the output sensors which allowed to avoid using metallic wires for the connections. The price to be paid for all these advantages is a nonlinear electric response of the fabric sensor and a too long settling time, that in principle, make these sensors not suitable for real-time applications. Here we propose a hardware and computational solution to overcome this limitation.     

PVB/LiClO_4/增塑剂型固体电解质性能研究

以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为基体,LiClO4为碱金属盐,在r(O∶Li)为8时,加入不同增塑剂,通过物理混合制备聚合物电解质膜。研究了增塑剂的种类对PVB/LiClO4体系导电性能和表面形貌的影响。结果显示:增塑剂聚乙二醇400、丙三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的加入,使PVB/LiClO4电解质膜的离子导电性能显著增加,而聚乙二醇400对复合物的增塑效果最好,可在电解质膜表面形成均匀的网络状结构,使载流子的活动空间增大,电导率达到2.15×10–6S/cm。     

Polypyrrole-coated cotton fabrics prepared by electrochemical polymerization as textile counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Textile-based wearable electronics provides the combined advantages of both electronics and textiles, such as flexibility, stretchability and lightweight. Much effort has been dedicated to achieve flexible photovoltaic power for wearable electronics. Here, we have demonstrated polypyrrole (PPy) coated cotton fabrics as textile counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). PPy is deposited on the Ni-coated cotton fabrics as catalytic material by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. The highly conductive PPy-coated fabric electrode with a surface resistance of 5.0 Ω sq⁻¹ shows reasonable catalytic activity for the reduction of triiodide ion. The DSSC fabricated with the PPy-coated fabric CE exhibits a power conversion efficiency as high as ∼3.83% under AM 1.5 illumination.     

Multifunctional Smart Textronics with Blow‐Spun Nonwoven Fabrics

Here, the fabrication of nonwoven fabric by blow spinning and its application to smart textronics are demonstrated. The blow‐spinning system is composed of two parallel concentric fluid streams: i) a polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent and ii) compressed air flowing around the polymer solution. During the jetting process with pressurized air, the solvent evaporates, which results in the deposition of nanofibers in the direction of gas flow. Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) dissolved in acetone is blow‐spun onto target substrate. Conductive nonwoven fabric is also fabricated from a blend of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and PVdF‐HFP. An all‐fabric capacitive strain sensor is fabricated by vertically stacking the PVdF‐HFP dielectric fabric and the SWCNT/PVdF‐HFP conductive fabric. The resulting sensor shows a high gauge factor of over 130 and excellent mechanical durability. The hierarchical morphology of nanofibers enables the development of superhydrophobic fabric and their electrical and thermal conductivities facilitate the application to a wearable heater and a flexible heat‐dissipation sheet, respectively. Finally, the conductive nonwoven fabric is successfully applied to the detection of various biosignals. The demonstrated facile and cost‐effective fabrication of nonwoven fabric by the blow‐spinning technique provides numerous possibilities for further development of technologies ranging from wearable electronics to textronics.     

导电聚苯胺／羰基铁粉复合吸收效能的研究

利用软磁金属粉末羰基铁粉的良好电磁吸收特性,加入不等量的导电聚苯胺,制备成导电聚苯胺／羰基铁粉复合材料。在1．8mm厚的涂层中,随导电聚苯胺含量的增加,其吸波效能得到显著改善。分析表明,导电聚苯胺／羰基铁粉有利于发展成为轻质、宽频、强吸收的优良吸波材料。     

Nonwoven fabric active electrodes for biopotential measurement during normal daily activity

Body movement is responsible for most of the interference during physiological data acquisition during normal daily activities. In this paper, we introduce nonwoven fabric active electrodes that provide the comfort required for clothing while robustly recording physiological data in the presence of body movement. The nonwoven fabric active electrodes were designed and fabricated using both hand- and screen-printing thick-film techniques. Nonstretchable nonwoven (Evolon 100) was chosen as the flexible fabric substrate and a silver filled polymer ink (Creative Materials CMI 112-15) was used to form a transducer layer and conductive lines on the nonwoven fabrics. These nonwoven fabric active electrodes can be easily integrated into clothing for wearable health monitoring applications. Test results indicate that nonwoven textile-based sensors show considerable promise for physiological data acquisition in wearable healthcare monitoring applications.