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钽在强腐蚀环境中的应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
钽的独特性能使难熔金属在当今先进加工技术的应用中具有很强的优势。钽的耐蚀性类似于玻璃,因而在化学和药物加工中,成为一种可选材料。 钽在化工行业中的优势 在2000多种化学试剂中,钽仅被40种试剂所腐蚀,即仅仅被破坏氧化膜(层)的化学试剂所腐蚀,如强碱,含游离的SO3或SO2的发烟硫酸、氟气、氢氟酸及含氟离子超过10ppm的溶液。浓度超过10%的NaOH、KOH溶液也腐蚀钽,并导致氢脆。下表中对比了钽和AISI316型不锈钢的机械性能。两种材料的硬度相似,316型不锈钢略占优势。钽比不锈钢更软些,这使其更利于维修和元件设计。 钽和A… 相似文献
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某L245集输管道腐蚀失效原因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的分析某集输管道的腐蚀失效行为,明确腐蚀特征、腐蚀类型及腐蚀机理,指导其防腐处理,从而延长管道的使用寿命。方法通过几何尺寸测量、宏观观察分析了管道内外壁的腐蚀部位及宏观特征。通过化学成分分析、金相分析对管道材质进行了检验。在腐蚀穿孔处取样,采用扫描电镜对腐蚀表面进行了微观形貌分析及微区能谱分析。采用X射线衍射仪对腐蚀产物进行了物相分析。结果穿孔管样的化学成分符合GB/T 9711—2017标准要求,金相组织无异常。管样以内壁腐蚀为主,腐蚀位置为4点—8点钟以下部位,外壁基本无腐蚀。腐蚀产物为片层状,且呈现出多层结构,其中最外层相对比较疏松,主要含有C、Si、O、Ca等元素,为表面附着的污垢;中间层和内层则比较致密,主要由Fe、O元素组成,并含有一定量的Cl元素。X射线衍射结果表明,腐蚀产物主要由Fe_3O_4和FeOOH组成。结论管道内表面底部腐蚀及穿孔主要是由于油水呈层流状态,水在管道底部沉积,对管道底部形成电化学腐蚀所致,基本类型为溶解氧腐蚀,Cl-及表面腐蚀产物膜的破坏加速了局部腐蚀。 相似文献
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黄畯 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》1995,7(2):93-96
在化学工业中设备腐蚀是一个严重的问题,根据作者自身工作的体会,对化工腐蚀中全面腐蚀控制、非金属耐蚀材料及设备、大型化学装置中的腐蚀情况.以及今后的技术发展问题作了分析与回顾. 相似文献
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从新型CO2缓蚀剂合成制备、绿色动植物成分作为CO2缓蚀剂开发、CO2缓蚀剂协同效应研究、苛刻环境下的缓蚀剂性能探究、缓蚀剂构效分析及影响因素评价等5个部分对CO2缓蚀剂的最新研究进展进行综述分析。针对现有部分缓蚀剂存在性能不足、污染大等问题,CO2缓蚀剂的增效思路主要包括新型缓蚀剂分子合成、绿色缓蚀剂提取和缓蚀剂复配研究。新型缓蚀剂合成是通过有机化学反应,以杂环分子为原料进行结构设计、官能团接枝或修饰得到新型缓蚀剂分子。该部分同时介绍了纳米缓蚀剂的前沿发展及面临的瓶颈问题。绿色缓蚀剂提取是以天然动植物为原料,改善缓蚀剂的生态安全性,针对绿色缓蚀剂的快速发展提出“全流程”绿色控制理念,建议确立绿色定义标准。缓蚀剂协同效应研究旨在阐明不同缓蚀剂间复配增效的本质机理,当前需要建立快速评价体系,健全探寻最佳复配比的指导理论。另外,缓蚀剂在复杂或极端工况下的结构稳定性、缓蚀性能持久性和缓蚀机理变化对其实际应用至关重要,油气田开发苛刻环境下“防腐+”一体化试剂的需求增大。除上述制备与应用... 相似文献
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甲醇羰基合成醋酸作原料的钛精馏塔腐蚀行为探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
聚乙烯醇装置醋酸乙烯生产流程中醋酸精馏塔等设备采用钛材制作,使用乙醛氧化生产醋酸,设备耐蚀情况良好;但使用羰基合成醋酸腐蚀却很严重,为此对该钛设备的腐蚀原因进行了分析。由于羰基合成是醋酸发展的方向,但一般含钼不锈钢难以使用,如能提出防护措施,发挥钛材的耐蚀潜力,则必将对今后应用醋酸作原料的化工化纤生产有很大的现实意义。 相似文献
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F. Ropital 《工业材料与腐蚀》2009,60(7):495-500
The chemical, refinery, and petrochemical industries are facing new challenges in order to develop more environment friendly processes and to manufacture “green” products. Corrosion management is an essential element for the development of a sustainable industrial society, including issues such as the selection and development of corrosion resistant materials, coatings, and environment friendly inhibitors. In this paper, some specific challenges will be discussed. In the chemical industry, the replacement of volatile and toxic solvents by green ones such as supercritical water processes, ionic liquid, or the use of carbon dioxide as an alternative solvent, requires specific corrosion management policies. Another issue for the refinery industry concerns new feedstocks such as opportunity crudes containing corrosive naphthenic acids or the transformation of biomass feed into bio‐oils and biomaterials. Synthetic gas is also becoming a crucial intermediate in natural gas, coal or biomass to hydrocarbon liquids (XTL) processes. Other environmental aspects are the limitation of green house gas (GHG) release from the plants by implementation of CO2 capture processes and the environment friendly management of water including more restrictive steps concerning its disposal. The implementation of advanced inspection and corrosion control management is also a major element of progress for a sustainable development of the chemical, refinery, and petrochemical industries. 相似文献
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研究了00Crl7Nil4M02不锈钢材料的机械性能、焊接性能和耐腐蚀性能,从用户和研究开发的角度探讨了其在压力容器、化工装置、化肥装置、海洋装置和建筑业等领域的应用。 相似文献
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微生物腐蚀(Microbiological Induced Corrosion,MIC)带来的危害占海洋腐蚀危害的20%。微生物腐蚀是指由于微生物的生命活动及其代谢产物与金属材料相互作用,影响腐蚀反应的阴极和阳极过程所引发的腐蚀现象,已成为海运业面临的重大技术难题,研究海洋微生物腐蚀对推进我国海洋事业的发展有重要意义。金属材料微生物腐蚀包括全面腐蚀和局部腐蚀,局部腐蚀的危害更大,而点蚀被认为是危害最大的局部腐蚀形式。海洋微生物种类繁多,本文聚焦于硫元素的参与者硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-reducing Bacteria,SRB)、铁元素的参与者铁还原细菌(Iron-reducing Bacteria,IRB)和铁氧化细菌(Iron-oxidizing Bacteria,IOB)所引发的微生物点蚀问题,包括由细菌不均匀的生物膜与腐蚀产物膜以及细菌本身的特性引起的点蚀。以广泛应用于海洋平台和船舶的碳钢和不锈钢为对象,分析其在海洋SRB、IRB和IOB下的点蚀状况,从腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物两方面对比了碳钢、不锈钢在不同细菌体系中的腐蚀差异,腐蚀形貌分析包括腐蚀产物形貌和去除腐蚀产物后金属表面形貌的分析,腐蚀产物分析主要聚焦于金属材料表面不同成分与含量的变化。从代谢产物理论、氧浓差电池作用理论阐释了碳钢和不锈钢的点蚀机理,指出微生物点蚀研究需要综合考虑多种因素,包括多菌种的相互作用和多种环境因素对金属材料的点蚀影响,以及微生物对耐蚀金属材料的点蚀影响等。 相似文献
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CP6型腐蚀速度监测仪采用电化学的方法对腐蚀体系进行监测,可观察到Rp-t曲线、Lcorr-t曲线和Vcorr-t曲线,可看到瞬时腐蚀速度和平均腐蚀速度。配上远距离通讯接口,可组成远距离监测和大面积腐蚀监测网,本文介绍了CP6腐蚀速度监测仪的研制过程。。 相似文献
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A typical hot concentrated alkaline corrosion environment exists in alumina metallurgical industry, so that steel materials with outstanding alkaline corrosion resistance are strongly demanded for its processing equipment. In this paper, the corrosion resistance of two kinds of martensitic cast steels containing chromium in static 303g/L NaOH alkaline solution at 85℃ was studied through polarization and potential-time curves, corrosion weight loss and corrosion morphology analysis. Experimental results showed that protection effect by passive film of cast steel containing Cr was temporary. The low carbon steel without Cr content also exhibited chemical passivity in the same solution. The corrosion mode of the tested Cr-containing cast steel was composed of active dissolving corrosion and caustic embrittlement cracking. Dissolving corrosion was the primary mechanism for the induced weight loss, while severe caustic embrittlement cracking was secondary. With the increase of chromium content in the cast steel, the tendency of the caustic embrittlement cracking decreased, while the active dissolving corrosion increased. 相似文献
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Superaustenites are mainly used in offshore applications, oil production and chemical industry. Most important types of localised corrosion of these steels are pitting and crevice corrosion. Investigated materials were N08028, S31254 and three modified alloys. Chromium content of investigated alloys varied between 20 and 27%, molybdenum between 3.2 and 6.0%, nitrogen between 0.1 and 0.36% and copper between 0 and 1.1%. For means of comparison stainless steel AISI 316L has been included in the study. Pitting and crevice corrosion of these highly corrosion resistant steels has been investigated by use of standardized tests. Critical pitting temperature and critical crevice temperatures were determined according to ASTM G 48, Methods C and D, respectively. Electrochemical measurements for determination of pitting potentials were done according to ASTM G 61 as well as for determination of critical pitting temperatures according to ASTM G 150. Results are presented as function of MARC (Measure of alloying for resistance to corrosion) defined by Speidel since linear correlation coefficients were higher when compared to conventional PREN. Results obtained by different testing methods must not be compared directly. Every test however is sensitive to microstructural defects like precipitations and segregations that decrease corrosion resistance. The higher alloyed a material is, the higher is its tendency to form microstructural defects, and the more difficult is it to reach its theoretical corrosion resistance at given chemical composition. 相似文献