硅锌矿结晶釉的结晶研究——釉熔体中球粒体结晶动力学探讨

对结晶釉中的硅锌矿结构性质和结晶习性的研究证明釉中硅锌矿是沿c轴方向发育生长的纤维状或针状晶体。 对结晶釉中硅锌矿的热力学稳定性和釉熔体中的相平衡关系进行了讨论。确定了釉中硅锌矿的形成条件和釉料组成范围。 本文着重研究釉熔体中硅锌矿的结晶动力学。在釉中,硅锌矿具有球粒体性质。用电炉和高温热台显微镜测定了釉熔体中硅锌矿的均相成核曲线和晶体生长曲线,并且用高温X射线衍射仪直接测定釉中硅锌矿的等温结晶曲线。根据结晶动力学理论,对釉中硅锌矿的均相成核和生长机理以及结晶机理作了研究。研究发现,釉中硅锌矿的均相成核是非热因的,晶体生长是受扩散过程控制的,总的结晶是由非热因成核、扩散过程和界面反应三个因素共同导致的。 此外,还发现硅锌矿的均相成核速率和晶体生长速度均与ZnO含量成正比。     

结晶釉中硅锌矿的析晶

通过对硅锌矿核化速度与生长速度的测定,分析了硅锌矿核化的几种方式。讨论了硅锌矿生长的控制因素,揭示了结晶釉烧成温度范围窄的主要原因。     

结晶釉中硅锌矿晶体结构与物理性质的研究

本工作对不同生成条件的硅锌矿进行了系统的光性鉴定;测定了它们的晶胞参数;拍摄了反映硅锌矿结构特征的电镜照片;确定了从熔体中析出的硅锌矿沿C轴生长的结晶习性。得出如下结论: (1)在加热过程中结晶釉料内生成的硅锌矿呈粒状;在保温过程中釉熔体内析出的硅锌矿呈纤维丝状,两者晶体形态虽不同,晶胞参数却相近。 (2)硅锌矿在釉层平面内沿C轴方向生长。 (3)着色氧化物的掺加,使硅锌矿的折光率和晶胞参数都有所改变。     

结晶釉中硅锌矿晶体的核化与生长

本文选择实用的结晶釉配方为研究对象,从釉料受热变化出发,根据结晶学与动力学观点研究生料结晶釉中晶体的核化与生长。实验的结果证实了次生晶核在烧釉温度下是存在的。观察了原生晶核的析出,从而阐明二种晶核存在与形成的条件。采用电子显微镜、光学显微镜、高温热台显微镜观察硅锌矿的形貌与形成过程。本文还重点讨论了硅锌矿生长的机理。     

硅锌矿结晶釉工艺过程的探讨

通过对硅锌矿结晶釉的工艺性能的研究,探讨了硅锌矿结晶釉的釉料制备工艺及烧成技木、定位结晶工艺,解决了试验中出现的一些问题。     

利用氧化锌缓冲层生长单晶氧化锌薄膜的方法

本发明是一种利用氧化锌缓冲层生长单晶氧化锌薄膜的方法，其特征包括如下步骤：1）取一衬底；2）在该衬底上的硅（001）晶面上采用磁控溅射的方法低温生长氧化锌缓冲层；3）在氧化锌缓冲层上，采用MOCVD方法低温生长氧化锌外延薄膜。     

硅锌矿结晶形态的研究

以透明釉为基础，在透明釉中加入氧化锌制成结晶釉，采用氧化气氛进行烧制实验，观察釉的外观形貌和显微结构，并结合晶体结构，总结出硅锌矿结晶形态与成核和生长的关系。硅锌矿三方晶系、六方柱状晶型的晶胞结构决定了硅锌矿沿c轴方向的生长习性，从而形成由细逐渐变粗的空心管状晶体，结晶与熔融的对立统一使得空心管状晶体外圈形成溶蚀圈，而组成晶核的单体组合与取向决定了空心管的组合与走向，即决定了晶体的最终形态。     

硅锌矿结晶釉的可控析晶

硅锌矿结晶釉的艺术效果与相组成有关,相组成取决于对硅锌矿析晶的控制。釉基质相中硅锌矿晶体的形成是陶瓷艺术与科学中非常重要的一个课题。研究认为:釉料组成是可控析晶的基础,成核剂和烧成条件是晶花部位、数量、形态及大小控制的关键,着色剂是色调控制的关键。     

高硅锌矿制取活性氧化锌联产泡花碱的研究

以酸浸硅锌矿,SiO_2与锌同时进入浸取液,二次沉硅时利用SiO_2胶体共沉作用除杂获得高的净化度,从而制得高纯度的活性氧化锌。并综合利用SiO_2制取硅胶或泡花碱。提高了硅锌矿中锌的收率。     

水稻硅酸复混肥施用效果的研究

水稻硅酸复混肥施用效果的研究王翔（黑龙江省农科院土肥所）水稻是典型的需硅作物，每季每亩的吸收量可从数十千克到上百千克，而土壤中的硅多为结晶态的二氧化硅（石英），能波作物吸收的硅酸常感不足。施用硅肥可使水稻生长挺拔坚硬，抗病虫害能力增强（稻瘟病、螟虫等...     

建筑陶瓷亚光釉的研制

充分利用现有原料试验亚光釉。结果表明,当釉中含有较多CaO、MgO、BaO等氧化物时,经烧成后,釉层中析出钙长石、硅锌矿等微晶,导致釉面光泽减弱,形成亚光釉。     

结晶釉的研究进展

结晶釉以它独有的艺术风格,享有广泛的声誉,颇得消费者的青睐。传统结晶釉主要用于工艺品以及日用陶瓷上,而在建筑陶瓷上的应用较晚亦较少。为了使结晶釉在建筑陶瓷中的装饰应用更广泛,迫切需要我们在传统结晶釉配方的基础上,研制出一种符合现代建筑陶瓷产品低温快速烧成要求的新型结晶釉。本文简要介绍了结晶釉的定义以及研究现状,重点阐述硅锌矿结晶釉的历史背景、国内外研究进展和存在的问题,并指出可能的发展趋势。     

Diffusion Processes in Firing Willemite Glaze on Quartz Glass Ceramics

Diffusion processes occurring at the boundary between willemite glass-ceramic glaze and quartz glass ceramics are considered. Formation of a transitional contact zone between glaze and quartz glass ceramics is experimentally established, which ensures the formation of a strong bond of the coating to the substrate. The extent of the contact zone and the concentration distribution of components in this zone are determined using the method of layer-by-layer pickling and x-ray-fluorescent analysis. Coefficients of mutual diffusion of potassium and silicon ions are calculated for the glaze firing conditions.     

Gahnite Devitrification in Ceramic Frits: Mechanism and Process Kinetics

Devitrification of a frit (glass) based on the oxide system SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZnO–CaO was studied. The following major crystalline phases were identified: gahnite (ZnAl₂O₄), willemite (Zn₂SiO₄), and a solid solution exhibiting an anorthite structure. A kinetic model was used to fit the experimental results. The model was derived by assuming that a precursor phase with an anorthite crystalline structure devitrified first and subsequently decomposed to form gahnite, while willemite crystallized independently. The proposed model satisfactorily reproduced the amount of gahnite, willemite, and anorthite-type crystals that formed during firing. The equations developed allowed the prediction of the anorthite structure, gahnite, and willemite crystal volume fractions in the resulting glaze as a function of firing temperature and time.     

Directional diffusion-controlled development of spinel interlayer between zinc-orthosilicate glaze and alumina

Metal ion-doped zinc-orthosilicate crystalline glaze was overlain on α-Al₂O₃ polycrystals at 1270 °C followed by optional devitrification at 1080 °C for cross sectional electron microscopic characterization. An interlayer of gahnite spinel islands with varied Cr-dopant level, possibly in a formula of Zn(CrAl)₂O₄, was found to develop nonepitaxially at the glaze/substrate interface and follow parabolic growth kinetics due to outward diffusion of Al into the glaze. The spinel islands tended to coalesce with each other to form subgrain boundaries and were occasionally encompassed as nonepitaxial particles within the predominant willemite (α-Zn₂SiO₄) crystals in the glaze. A secondary Co- and Ti-containing gahnite spinel, possibly in a formula of (ZnCoAl)(TiCoAl)₂O₄, was found to nucleate epitaxially at the {1 1 1} junctions of the spinel islands when the glaze was further devitrified at 1080 °C. There is negligible glaze infiltration into the substrate or thermal-mismatch induced cracking across the interphase interface, implying potential thermal bonding/sealing applications of the present glaze for alumina-based ceramics.     

空间微重力晶体生长研究

空间晶体生长是一个有前景的前沿学样，这一研究主要包括：在微重力条件下晶体生长的基本理论、方法和过程。本文是一篇空间晶体生长的综述，包括５个部分：（１）微重力环境；（２）微重力晶体生长研究背景；（３）晶体生长的空间实验；（４）空间晶体生长的地基实验研究和理论模拟；（５）我国微重力晶体生长发展前景。     

宜兴仿钧陶胎釉组成配方特征研究

采用能量色散X射线荧光法分析了宜兴仿钧陶胎釉元素组成,探讨了宜钧胎、釉配方的特点。分析表明,宜钧釉属于钙釉,其Si/Al较大,在10-16之间。酱色釉的主要呈色元素是Fe,蓝绿色釉的主要呈色元素为Cu,并加入了一定量的ZnO,以促进瓷釉分相。宜钧胎体的原料主要是白泥,部分样品可能采用了紫砂泥制胎。不同时期宜钧胎体的主次量元素含量变化不大,这说明宜钧在长期烧制过程中,其胎体的原料配方较为稳定。     

Blue cobalt doped-hibonite pigments prepared from industrial sludges: Formulation and characterization

The structural stability of the pigment was investigated using X-ray diffraction coupled with SEM and UV–vis–IR analysis, as a function of the relative Co content and calcination temperature. A standard formulation prepared from commercial reagents was also prepared and characterized for the sake of comparison. The pigment was added to a transparent glaze and to a porcelain stoneware body. Since the relative amount of cobalt was low and the sintering temperature of the pigment was not too high (1350–1400 °C), the new pigment system offers an interesting alternative to spinel, olivine and willemite commercial blue pigments. Moreover, the use of several wastes in the pigment formulation does not diminish its colouring performance.