Dielectric and Superconducting Photonic Crystals

We present the transmittance of two types of one-dimensional periodic structures. The first type of structure consists of alternating layers of a dielectric material. The second type of structure consists of alternating layers of a dielectric material and a superconductor whose dielectric properties are described by the two-fluid model. The variance of the intensity and the bandwidth of the transmittance are strongly dependent on the thicknesses, temperature, and frequencies. We have compared the transmittance spectra and present some details about the two types of structure. In the first type, we will make a comparison between the optical properties of the high temperature superconducting photonic crystal (HTScPC) by using the YBa₂Cu₃O₇ as a superconductor layer with SrTiO₃ as a dielectric layer. The second type consists of the dielectric photonic crystals (DPCs) and Al₂O₃ or MgO with SrTiO₃ within the ultra-violet region. The comparison obtained according to the difference of the thickness of SrTiO₃ and the variance of the number of periods. The common result is changed in the number of PBGs within the UV range.     

不同尺寸COM、COD对阳离子表面活性剂CTAB的吸附性质差异

为比较研究不同纳微米尺寸的一水草酸钙(COM)和二水草酸钙(COD)晶体对阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的吸附差异, 探讨抑制剂对结石形成的抑制机理, 本研究测定了各浓度CTAB下不同尺寸COM或COD对CTAB的吸附量; 采用XRD和FT-IR表征吸附前后晶体是否发生晶相改变; 采用Zeta电位仪测定吸附后晶体表面的Zeta电位随CTAB浓度的变化。结果发现, 随着c(CTAB)浓度升高, 3 μm和10 μm的COM、COD晶体的吸附曲线由上升段和平台段组成, 而小尺寸的50 nm、100 nm、1 μm的COM、COD晶体的吸附曲线为直线型。随着晶体尺寸的增大, COM和COD晶体的吸附量依次降低。当尺寸相同时, COM对CTAB的吸附量要大于COD, 归因于CTAB更容易选择吸附在COM表面负电荷的区域。上述结果表明, 草酸钙晶体对阳离子表面活性剂的吸附量与比表面积和晶体的晶面结构有关。晶体尺寸越小, 比表面积越大, 晶面暴露的草酸根密度越大, CTAB的吸附量越大, 导致晶体表面Zeta电位绝对值增大, 静电排斥力增强, 从而抑制尿微晶的聚集, 有利于抑制草酸钙结石的形成。     

Dielectric and Photo-Dielectric Properties of TlGaSeS Crystals

The room temperature, dark and photo-dielectric properties of the novel crystals TlGaSeS are investigated in the frequency, intensity and biasing voltage having ranges of ~ 1–120 MHz, 14–40 klux and 0–1 V, respectively. The crystals are observed to exhibit a dark high frequency effective dielectric constant value of ~ 10·65 × 10³ with a quality factor of ~ 8·84 × 10⁴ at ~ 120 MHz. The dielectric spectra showed sharp resonance– antiresonance peaks in the frequency range of ~ 25–250 kHz. When photoexcited, pronounced increase in the dielectric constant and in the quality factor values with increasing illumination intensity are observed. Signal amplification up to ~ 33% with improved signal quality up to ~ 29% is attainable via photoexcitation. On the other hand, the illuminated capacitance–voltage characteristics of the crystals reflected a downward shift in the voltage biasing and in the built-in voltage of the device that is associated with increase in the uncompensated carrier density. The increase in the dielectric constant with increasing illumination intensity is ascribed to the decrease in the crystal's resistance as a result of increased free carrier density. The light sensitivity of the crystals, the improved dielectric properties and the lower biasing voltage obtained via photoexcitation and the well-enhanced signal quality factor of the crystals make them promising candidates for optical communication systems.     

Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals Doped with Zinc and Erbium

Inorganic Materials - This paper reports a process for the growth of zinc–erbium codoped lithium niobate single crystals using a growth charge synthesized from a Nb2O5:Zn:Er precursor and...     

X射线荧光无损法测定掺钕矾酸钇晶体中的钕

本文利用X射线荧光能谱仪,外标法定量检测掺钕矾酸钇晶体中的钕,在不破坏晶体情况下,检测结果能满足要求。外标法进行定量检定其准确性取决于仪器稳定的工作条件,样品制备粒度是否一致等外界因素。采用样品基体元素线为内标线,消除干扰因素,该方法的标准偏差小于0.02%,与等离子发射光谱法进行比对,偏差小于0.05%。     

Cd_xSBN晶体的介电、铁电及热释电性

本工作研究了用 Cd 改性的铌酸锶钡晶体(配方为 Cd_xSr_(0.5-x/(?))Ba_(0.5-x/(?))Nb_2O_6,x=0,0.005,0.01,0.015,0.03,0.05)的介电温度(10～580K)特性、低温(10～300K)热释电性以及室温时的介电谱和铁电性。发现在350～400K 范围内,晶体发生顺电-铁电相变;在100K 附近,ε′—T 曲线和 P—T 曲线稍有转折,可能存在新的相变;这些晶体的新鲜样品的电滞回线有严重的收缩现象,实验表明,在电滞回线的收缩过程中,这些试验样品被部分极化。     

Dielectric Properties of Ultrathin CaF2 Ionic Crystals

Mechanically exfoliated 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is currently the preferred dielectric material to interact with graphene and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides in nanoelectronic devices, as they form a clean van der Waals interface. However, h-BN has a low dielectric constant (≈3.9), which in ultrascaled devices results in high leakage current and premature dielectric breakdown. Furthermore, the synthesis of h-BN using scalable methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, requires very high temperatures (>900 °C) , and the resulting h-BN stacks contain abundant few-atoms-wide amorphous regions that decrease its homogeneity and dielectric strength. Here it is shown that ultrathin calcium fluoride (CaF₂) ionic crystals could be an excellent solution to mitigate these problems. By applying >3000 ramped voltage stresses and several current maps at different locations of the samples via conductive atomic force microscopy, it is statistically demonstrated that ultrathin CaF₂ shows much better dielectric performance (i.e., homogeneity, leakage current, and dielectric strength) than SiO₂, TiO₂, and h-BN. The main reason behind this behavior is that the cubic crystalline structure of CaF₂ is continuous and free of defects over large regions, which prevents the formation of electrically weak spots.     

Growth, Structural and Microhardness Studies on New Semiorganic Single Crystals of Calcium Para Nitrophenolate Dihydrate

Good quality crystals of calcium p-nitrophenolate （NPCa） were grown from saturated solution by slow evaporation method. The crystal structure analysis and the molecular arrangement of these crystals were determined using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. From Single crystal XRD studies, NPCa is found to be crystallized in the mon- oclinic system with a space group P21/n. The functional groups of the material were confirmed qualitatively by F-FIR （Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy） spectral analysis. Optical absorption studies reveal the absorption region and microhardness studies were carried out to confirm the mechanical behaviour of the crystals.     

Light-driven Optical Switch,Based on Excited-state Absorption in Activated Dielectric Crystals

Abstract

We show that despite the generally held view that excited-state absorption (ESA) is a totally negative phenomenon in laser physics, in some cases it has useful applications in laser technology.     

Investigation of Permittivity Dispersion in the Infralow-Frequency Band by Time-Domain Dielectric Spectroscopy

The transient-current method of time-domain dielectric spectroscopy, used to investigate the dispersion of the dielectric parameters of materials in the 10^–4–1 Hz frequency band, and apparatus based on it, are considered. A program is developed for the mathematical processing of the results of an experiment using the numerical Fourier transformation method employing cubic splines for approximation, interpolation and extrapolation of data. The frequency spectra of ' and ' of certain solid materials are presented.     

Optical Dispersion Parameters with Different Orientations for SrLaAlO4 Single Crystals

The different optical dispersion parameters of SrLaAlO4 single crystals have been studied by the transmission and reflection measurements at normal incidence for the three orientations 001,100 and 101 in the spectral range 400nm-250nm,The optical absorption data revealed the existance of allowed indirect and direct transition ,The refractive index has abnormal behaviour in the spectral region 400-900nm ,but has a normal one in the higher wavelength region .The optical dispersion parameters,the single oscillator energy Eo and the disperison energy Ed were detemined and indicated the ionic structure of the material .The high-frequency dielectric constant ,The lattice dielectric constant and the electronic polarizability were determined by the free carriers and the lattice vibration modes,The real dielectiric constant ε1,the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ),the volume(VELF) and the surface energy loss function (SELF)have also been discussed.     

Measurement of Birefringence,Dispersion and Line Splitting for Biaxial Crystals by Double-layer Interferometer

Abstract

The fringes of a double-layer interferometer containing a birefringent plate, cut from a biaxial crystal, are split into two separate components belonging to the ordinary and extraordinary waves whose refractive indices have a difference determining the component separation. The dependence of the intensity ratio of the resolved components upon the angle of ray propagation in the crystal is used to identify the axes of a biaxial crystal like muscovite mica. A fringe count with a rotated sample accurately determines its optical thickness from which the absolute values of the refractive indices are deduced. The sensitivity of the double-layer interferometer to dispersion effects is so high that a birefringence dispersion is measurable and either the anisotropy of the atomic number density or the splitting of the characteristic spectral line is detectable.     

钇掺杂改性PbTiO3纳米陶瓷介电特性及复阻抗研究*

报道了sol-gel技术制备Pb1-x YxTiO3纳米陶瓷(x=0.1%,0.2%,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%).试样采用介电分析仪测试.结果发现,当钇掺杂量高于0.4%时,可以烧结得到致密陶瓷片,不同掺杂量的PbTiO3在居里温度区域都出现电容量激增现象.在该区域介电损耗(tgδ)出现突变峰,峰高依次为0.8%,0.4%,1.2%,居里点以下,tgδ大小顺序为0.4%＞0.8%＞1.2%.陶瓷复阻抗虚部随温度升高而降低,实部几乎不随温度变化.且居里点以上,实部和虚部复阻抗趋同.     

Laser Excitation Effect on the Optical and Dielectric Properties of Ferroelectric KNbO3 Single Crystals

The effects of laser irradiation on the optical absorption (200- to 800-nm range) and dielectric properties (10²- to 10⁷-Hz range) of KNbO₃ single crystals in ferroelectric phase have been studied. All these properties are found to be reduced significantly at lower frequencies with an increase in laser irradiation time. However, the phase transition temperature remains unchanged. It is observed that the dielectric constant (K) and loss (tan ) values of KNbO₃ single crystals are decreased significantly at room temperature or at Curie temperature by laser excitation. Appreciable changes in the band gap (eV) and activation energy are also observed after laser excitation.     

A Comparison of Trehalose Dihydrate and Mannitol as Stabilizing Agents for Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Based Tablets

This study investigated the possible utility of trehalose dihydrate (TD) as a tablet stabilizing agent. Acetylsalicylic acid was used as the model hydrolyzable drug and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) as the base excipient, because it is well documented that ASA/DCPD tablets are unstable during storage at low temperature and high relative humidity; DCPD is usually combined with mannitol in order to improve tablet stability.

Tablets comprising DCPD, 10% ASA, and 0%, 10%, or 20% w/w of TD were prepared by direct compression and stored at 35°C and 82.9% relative humidity for 6 months. Additionally, control tablets with DCPD and ASA, only, or with DCPD, ASA and 20% mannitol, were also evaluated. At predetermined time intervals, formulations were tested for drug content, mechanical, microstructural, and drug dissolution properties. Additionally, thermal analyses and ASA solution stability studies were carried out. Results reveal that both TD and mannitol significantly reduce degradation of ASA included in DCPD-based tablets, but neither effectively protects against the marked decline in tablet mechanical properties on aging. The ASA stabilization effects of TD and mannitol were also observed in solution, indicating an interaction between these sugars and ASA.