Open access effect on uncitedness: a large-scale study controlling by discipline,source type and visibility

Scientometrics - There are many factors that affect the probability of being uncited during the first years after publication. In this study, we analyze three of these factors for journals,...     

The mathematical relation between the impact factor and the uncitedness factor

In a general framework, given a set of articles and their received citations (time periods of publication or citation are not important here) one can define the impact factor (IF) as the total number of received citations divided by the total number of publications (articles). The uncitedness factor (UF) is defined as the fraction of the articles that received no citations. It is intuitively clear that IF should be a decreasing function of UF. This is confirmed by the results in [van Leeuwen & Moed, 2005] but all the given examples show a typical shape, seldom seen in informetrics: a horizontal S-shape (first convex then concave). Adopting a simple model for the publication-citation relation, we prove this horizontal S-shape in this paper, showing that such a general functional relationship can be generally explained.     

Characteristics of journal impact factors: The effects of uncitedness and citation distribution on the understanding of journal impact factors

Summary In this study, journal impact factors play a central role. In addition to this important bibliometric indicator, which evolves around the average impact of a journal in a two-year timeframe, related aspects of journal impact measurement are studied. Aspects like the output volume, the percentage of publications not cited, and the citation frequency distribution within a set timeframe are researched, and put in perspective with the 'classical' journal Impact Factor. In this study it is shown that these aspects of journal impact measurement play a significant role, and are strongly inter-related. Especially the separation between journals on the basis of the differences in output volume seems to be relevant, as can be concluded from the different results in the analysis of journal impact factors, the degree of uncitedness, and the share of a journal its contents above or below the impact factor value.     

The distribution of the uncitedness factor and its functional relation with the impact factor

The uncitedness factor of a journal is its fraction of uncited articles. Given a set of journals (e.g. in a field) we can determine the rank-order distribution of these uncitedness factors. Hereby we use the Central Limit Theorem which is valid for uncitedness factors since it are fractions, hence averages. A similar result was proved earlier for the impact factors of a set of journals. Here we combine the two rank-order distributions, hereby eliminating the rank, yielding the functional relation between the impact factor and the uncitedness factor. It is proved that the decreasing relation has an S-shape: first convex, then concave and that the inflection point is in the point (μ′, μ) where μ is the average of the impact factors and μ′ is the average of the uncitedness factors.     

Citedness and uncitedness of cancer articles

There is a rapid growth of cancer literature. Thousands of papers are being regularly published every year not only in speciality journals, but also in journals of other disciplines. Citation studies are nowadays considered a major basis of science indicators for ascertaining the importance of a scientific journal and that of the published articles on a particular subject. In oncological research the journalCancer is considered as one of the top most journals and is universally well known for its high standard and excellence. In this paper an attempt has been made to find out the importance of all the articles published in it for a particular year. Side by side bibliometric analysis was made to ascertain various other aspects like time lag between publication and first citation of articles, average citation time, subject scattering and identification of most important journals in the field etc. It is believed that this study would be of help to the working oncologists, librarians and information scientists to assess the importance of articles published in a top ranking journal of cancer and also that of different journals publishing oncological research results.     

Suppression of large-scale structures in a gas-saturated impact jet

The suppression of large-scale vortex formations under gas-saturation conditions is detected on the basis of measurements of the pulsation component of the surface friction when an axisymmetric hot jet of a fluid impinges on an obstacle. The conditions for the resonant enhancement of coherent structures and the suppression of broad-band turbulence are determined for single-phase and gas-saturated impact jets. The evolution of various pulsation components in the gradient region of an impact jet is analyzed. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 82–88 (May 12, 1999)     

Fragmented publishing: a large-scale study of health science

Scientometrics - Fragmented or multiple publishing is generally considered negative, as authors may inflate their number of articles through duplicate publications and salami publications. However,...     

Effects of large-scale research funding programs: a Japanese case study

This study investigates the effects of large-scale research funding from the Japanese government on the research outcomes of university researchers. To evaluate the effects, we use the difference-in-differences estimator and measure research outcomes in terms of number of papers and citation counts per paper. Our analysis shows that the funding program led to an increase in the number of papers in some fields and an increase in the citation counts in the other fields. A comparison of our estimation results with assessment data obtained from peer reviews showed important differences. Since the characteristics of research vary according to the field, bibliometrics analysis should be used along with the peer review method for a more accurate analysis of research impact.     

Societal impact of research: a text mining study of impact types

Scientometrics - In addition to academic impact, researchers are increasingly concerned with understanding and demonstrating the practical impact of research outside academia. Several frameworks...     

Web mining for innovation ecosystem mapping: a framework and a large-scale pilot study

Scientometrics - Existing approaches to model innovation ecosystems have been mostly restricted to qualitative and small-scale levels or, when relying on traditional innovation indicators such as...     

Quantity versus impact of software engineering papers: a quantitative study

According to the data from the Scopus publication database, as analyzed in several recent studies, more than 70,000 papers have been published in the area of Software Engineering (SE) since late 1960’s. According to our recent work, 43% of those papers have received no citations at all. Since citations are the most commonly used metric for measuring research (academic) impact, these figures raise questions (doubts) about the (non-existing) impact of such a large set of papers. It is a reality that typical academic reward systems encourage researchers to publish more papers and do not place a major emphasis on research impact. To shed light on the issue of volume (quantity) versus citation-based impact of SE research papers, we conduct and report in this paper a quantitative bibliometrics assessment in four aspects: (1) quantity versus impact of different paper types (e.g., conference versus journal papers), (2) ratios of uncited (non-impactful) papers, (3) quantity versus impact of papers originating from different countries, and (4) quantity versus impact of papers by each of the top-10 authors (in terms of number of papers). To achieve the above objective, we conducted a quantitative exploratory bibliometrics assessment, comprised of four research questions, to assess quantity versus impact of SE papers with respect to the aspects discussed above. We extracted the data through a systematic, automated and repeatable process from the Scopus paper database, which we also used in two previous papers. Our results show that the distribution of SE publications has a major inequality in terms of impact overall, and also when categorized in terms of the above four aspects. The situation in the SE literature is similar to the other areas of science as studied by previous bibliometrics studies. Also, among our results is the fact that journal articles and conference papers have been cited 12.6 and 3.6 times on average, confirming the expectation that journal articles have more impact, in general, than conference papers. Also, papers originated from English-speaking countries have in general more visibility and impact (and consequently citations) when compared to papers originated from non-English-speaking countries. Our results have implications for improvement of academic reward systems, which nowadays mainly encourage researchers to publish more papers and usually neglect research impact. Also, our results can help researchers in non-English-speaking countries to consider improvements to increase their research impact of their upcoming papers.     

大吨位磁流变液阻尼器的性能试验研究

研究了磁流变液阻尼器的磁路特性,在此基础上,对研制的最大阻尼力为170kN、可调倍数为16的磁流变液阻尼器的性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,在低电流情况下,对于活塞上缠有多个线圈的磁流变液阻尼器,多线圈电流的同向和异向并不影响其阻尼力的大小;但在高电流情况下,反接相邻线圈可以降低磁路磁阻的增长速度,从而有利于提高其阻尼力。     

一种冲击式压电发电机的实验研究

介绍了自行设计制作的一种冲击式压电发电机。首先通过分析影响压电陶瓷发电量的因素,确定压电陶瓷的尺寸,并给出了冲击弹簧与恢复弹簧的刚度设计要求,然后测量了压电陶瓷叠片的模态及压电发电机的力谱,可以看出其冲击力能激发出压电陶瓷的轴向振动模态,从而使其产生的电荷能最多。最后,对压电发电机的性能进行了测试,得到其瞬时发电功率在0.3W左右,能够点亮210个并联发光二极管。     

Engineering trick or treat? the impact of large-scale dams ondeveloping countries

The factors driving large-scale engineering projects (LSEPs) in developing countries, and their effects on local environments and communities, are no better exemplified than in the case of large-scale dam projects (LSDPs). This paper demonstrates that LSEPs/LSDPs cannot be `tagged on' to developing nations in order to trigger or promote technological, economic or welfare development. In fact, they may ramify destructively into existing social, environmental and engineering infrastructures. Engineers involved in LSEPs will be better placed they develop multidisciplinary skills and a keen awareness of the complex web of socio-ecological interactions into which their projects are typically launched     

Zero inventory and firm performance: a management paradigm revisited

According to the ‘zero inventory’ paradigm, inventory reflects waste and should be eliminated in order for performance to rise. In this study, we investigate the effect of inventory holding on firm performance, analysing 3057 firm years of data. Interpreting performance as a function of inventory, results show that firms with the lowest inventory have the worst performance (and vice versa). When understanding inventory as a function of performance, results indicate that low-performing firms carry the least inventory, whereas high-performing firms have the highest stocks. Besides questions of causality, our results do not support a paradigm which suggests that firms should move toward zero inventory.     

A delayed reward strategy for large-scale motivation of safety belt use: A test of long-term impact

An incentive program applicable for communitywide motivation of safety belt use was implemented at a large industrial complex. After four weeks of daily baseline observation of drivers' shoulder belt usage at two entrance/exit gates during employees' afternoon departure, an incentive intervention was implemented at only Gate 1, where it was impossible to stop vehicles and immediately reward safety belt wearing. Instead, the employees were informed via signs, posters, and newspaper articles that a winning license plate number would be randomly selected each day from among those vehicles exiting Gate 1 whose drivers were wearing shoulder belts. Winners were offered the choice of two university basketball tickets or meals for two at a local restaurant. Shoulder belt observations continued daily at both gates throughout the three-week incentive intervention, and for three long-term follow-up phases over the subsequent eleven months. The incentive intervention influenced substantial increases in shoulder belt use (from a mean percentage of 6.3% belt usage during baseline to 23.1% during the incentive period); and affected some long-term impact (i.e. mean USE = 16.3% after one month, 15.8% after three months, and 11.0% after ten months).     

Dynamics of a Particle and a Quantized Vortex at Zero Temperature: Self-consistent Calculation

Many experiments for visualizing quantized vortices and normal fluid flow have been performed in superfluid ⁴He. Recently, metastable He₂ excimer molecules have been used as tracer particles. Since their radius is only about 10^?10 m, they hardly perturb the system, thus being a good candidate of tracer particles. In order to understand the interactive motion of He₂ molecules and vortices at zero temperature, we numerically study the trapping diameter by using the self-consistent equations of motions. We calculated the trapping diameter as a function of the initial velocity of the particle. The trapping diameter is almost inversely proportional to the initial velocity of the particle and compared with the observation.     

Looking at calcimimetics impact on hypercalcemia of immobilization: hypotheses and a case study

For the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH-II) in dialysis patients and hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Calcimimetics are a new class of drugs approved in the European Community and the United States by the Food and Drug Administration that were designed to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with a simultaneous reduction in serum calcium and phosphorus levels, and calcium phosphorus product (Ca x P). Hypocalcemia is a frequent finding during the correction phase of the HPTH-II with calcimimetics. By contrast, the appearance of a hypercalcemia has yet to be described. In this paper, we report a case of severe hypercalcemia of immobilization in a 40-year-old hemodialyzed woman treated by cinacalcet HCl for a severe HPTH-II (PTH>1,000 pg/mL). A kidney transplantation recipient 1983 to 1995, she was diagnosed with Charcot-Marie Tooth disease in 1991. She had multiple orthopedic interventions for kidney-related osteoarticular problems probably favored by the kidney graft and the immunosuppressive treatment. While she was receiving the maximum dose of 180 mg/day of cinacalcet HCl and PTH at 443 pg/mL, she needed to be hospitalized for a right hip prothesis. Two weeks after the intervention she developed a symptomatic hypercalcemia of 3.57 mmol/L which was resistant to several measures including lowering the calcium concentration in the dialysate, withdrawing all vitamin D and calcium supplementation and the administration of calcitonin. Her serum calcium level was finally stabilized in the 2.37-2.95 mmol/L by administration of a single intravenous dose of pamidronate. This observation illustrates that the pharmacological activation of the parathyroid CaR and other putative CaR on bone cells by calcimimetics did not protect against the occurrence of hypercalcemia of immobilization favored by a severe HPTH-II in a hemodialysis patient.     

Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong: a comparison study and lessons learnt

Abstract

Although many studies in developed countries on the practice of EIA have been conducted, there is a lack of similar attention in Hong Kong. This gap in knowledge is addressed in this study which summarises and records the current practice and lessons learned from priority projects. In the case of Hong Kong, this lack of understanding is important, since a significant number of infrastructure projects with applications pending for environmental approvals were delayed, awaiting the court ruling of the judicial review. In this research, the EIA system and practices in Hong Kong were comprehensively reviewed by a comparison study between Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore. Then field work of interviews with professionals and focus group meetings with Green Groups were conducted to seek opinions of interviewees and members about the mechanism of EIA. Recommendations on aspects of EIA systems are provided at the end of the paper.     

Experimental study of thin-layer boilover in large-scale pool fires

By performing a series of pool fire experiments, the authors attempt to apply knowledge of thin-layer boilover to the large scale (pool diameter from 1.5 to 6 m). Two commercial hydrocarbons were used: gasoline and diesel. As expected, only in the case of diesel did the phenomenon of thin-layer boilover occur. Data were used to analyze various features of thin-layer boilover in fires, particularly its intensity and onset time. A comparison with results published in the literature shows the importance of this study.