复合型人工湿地处理铁路车站生活污水试验研究

将表面流湿地与潜流湿地相结合,处理铁路车站生活污水,分析湿地系统对CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、SS的处理效果。研究结果表明,复合型人工湿地系统对CODCr、BOD5、SS均有较高的去除率;进水中CODCr、TP浓度的波动对出水浓度影响不大,复合型人工湿地系统具有良好的抗冲击能力。     

不同植物配置人工湿地冬季生活污水净化效果比较

以某三级串联水平潜流人工湿地污水处理工程为实验基地,研究了5种华南地区常见湿地植物的选择和配置对净化冬季生活污水的影响,为华南地区人工湿地合理优化配置植物提供一定的依据。结果表明:人工湿地系统在冬季对COD、BOD5、TP和大肠菌群仍有较好的去除效果,对TN的去除效果较差。在实验条件下,COD和BOD5的降解主要发生在第一级湿地单元,TP和TN的降解主要发生在第三级湿地单元。三级串联湿地系统净化效果较佳的植物搭配是:第一级栽种水生美人蕉,第二级栽种再力花,第三级栽种菖蒲。     

昆明某城市污水处理厂进水特征分析

对昆明某城市污水处理厂连续三年的进水水质水量进行详细的分析,结果表明COD、BOD5与SS的相关性高且稳定,TP、TN与SS相关性相对较低且变化程度远大于前二者;厂区进水量受季节性影响较大,且进水中的BOD5、COD、TP和SS在雨季(5~10月)的波动幅度明显大于旱季(11月~次年4月);雨季初期,厂区进水中的污染物浓度出现增大的趋势,但污染物浓度将在水量最大的月份迅速降低。在统计年内,该厂进水BOD5/COD均值为0.47,2013年内BOD5/COD0.45的天数占统计天数的比例高达97.75%,可生化性优良。     

垂直—水平流人工湿地系统除污效果研究

以武汉汉阳桃花岛城市面源污染控制示范工程为依托，研究示范工程中垂直—水平流人工湿地系统对生活污水的净化效果。结果表明，在人工湿地水力停留3 d的情况下，垂直—水平流人工湿系统对COD、SS、TP和TN均具有明显去除效果。其中，对COD、SS的去除率主要位于垂直流阶段，对TP和TN的去除率主要位于水平流阶段。水平流湿地中，种植黄花美人蕉的湿地单元对COD、TP和TN处理效果略高于种植鸢尾和红花美人蕉的湿地单元。     

大型人工湿地水质净化预处理工艺效果研究

进水负荷是影响人工湿地水质预处理净化效果的重要因子,以盐城市饮用水源生态净化工程(盐龙湖工程)为研究对象,探究人工湿地水质处理工艺在4种不同进水负荷范围内对水质的净化效果。通过1 a多的测验分析表明,人工湿地对原水水质改善效果明显,随着进水负荷的不断升高,对TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的去除率逐步下降,DO的提升率则表现为随进水负荷的增大而增大。各指标的去除量在进水负荷为20万~30万m3/d时达到最大。     

排水体制与污水处理厂进水水质分析

结合珠海市吉大片区不同的排水体制(分流制、截流式合流制),统计分析了吉大水质净化厂4年的进水水质数据,分析发现,分流制下各进水污染物浓度均比相应截流式合流制高;不同排水体制下,分流制中BOD5、CODCr、SS的离散程度比截流式合流制大30%,而截流式合流制TN、TP的标准偏差比分流制略大;SS与CODCr的相关性较强,SS与BOD5、TP、TN的相关性较弱;拟选用频率为70%～97%的进水水质指标作为设计进水水质。     

北方某人工湿地净化能力分析

在对北方某人工湿地长期观测取得的大量详尽数据的基础上,分析了人工湿地系统总体净化能力和潜流人工湿地水质动态变化特征。结果表明:该人工湿地示范工程对水质净化效果较为明显,对各类污染物的去除率平均可达40%;潜流人工湿地可对污水进行深度处理,对BOD5、NH4-N的去除效果最好,去除率为80%～90%,对NO3-N、TN的去除效果较好,去除率为65%～75%,对CODMn和SS的去除效果一般,去除率为40%～60%,对TP的去除效果随着时间推移逐渐减弱,碎石吸附对TP去除起主要作用。     

念坛公园湿地对再生水净化效果研究

为探明湿地系统对再生水水质的改善效果,以北京市大兴区念坛公园湿地为研究对象,对比分析了湿地进水和出水中CODCr、BOD5、氮、磷和细菌等指标的变化情况。结果表明:(1)CODCr和BOD5的去除率与湿地类型、污染物浓度有关;(2)湿地对TN和NO3-N去除效果明显,去除率最高可达92.4%和98.5%;(3)湿地对细菌总数去除率较低,对粪大肠菌群的去除率与其浓度有关。     

污水处理厂进水水质变化对污染物去除效率的影响分析

海淀区北部新区某污水处理厂进行了长达一年的进出水水质监测,监测指标为化学需氧量(CODCr)、5日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)共5项。本文分析对比了进出水水质情况,着重研究了进水污染物浓度与污染物去除效率的关系,得到了该污水处理厂5项指标的最佳进水浓度分别为CODCr460mg/L、TN 66mg/L、TP 2.5mg/L、NH3-N50mg/L、BOD5113mg/L。     

官厅水库人工湿地系统水质净化效果研究

官厅水库黑土洼人工湿地系统经过一年多的运行，经历了严寒冬季的考验，获取了1万多组监测数据。通过对BOD5等指标去除率分析，人工湿地对Orth—D、TP、CODMn去除率较多，TN、NH4^＋-N、NO^-3-N处理效果一般。建议二期工程进一步改进工艺，促进有机物的降解。     

Subsurface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in agriculture: five years of experiences in Sicily, Italy.

The paper reports the results of an investigation on a H-SSF constructed wetland for tertiary treatment in a small community located in eastern Sicily, Italy. The system is designed to reuse wastewater for the irrigation of olive orchards covering about 150 hectares. From March 2001 to September 2005, wastewater samples were collected and the following chemical-physical parameters were determined according to Standard Methods: temperature, pH, EC, DO, TSS (105degrees C), BOD5, COD, TN, TP. The following microbiological parameters were also evaluated: total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococci, Salmonella, helminth eggs. Mean removal efficiencies ranged from 77 to 92% (TSS), 37 to 72% (BOD5), 51 to 79% (COD), 97 to 99.5% (E. coli). Removal efficiency of Salmonella and helminth eggs was always 100% in all samples; however, only 150% of total samples matched the limit of E. coli (< 50 CFU/100 mL) fixed by Italian legislation for wastewater reuse.     

土壤过滤系统处理农村生活污水的 试验研究

采用一种土壤过滤系统处理农村生活污水,考察了该工艺对CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、全氮（TN）和全磷（TP）的去除效果。实验结果表明,当水力负荷约为0.05 m3/（m2·d）, 水力停留时间为3 d时。该土壤过滤系统对CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、全氮（TN）和全磷（TP）的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达到84.6%、83.3%、64.3%、59.8%和70%。出水CODCr约为18.3~42.1 mg/L,BOD5约为8.9~17.3 mg/L,NH3-N约为11.2~17.7 mg/L,TN约为21.2~31.3 mg/L,TP小于2.0 mg/L,出水水质优于农田灌溉水质标准（GB 5084—2005）。气温变化和进水污染物浓度对处理效果影响明显。总体上来讲,温度大于22 ℃时,进水污染物浓度越低处理效果越好。     

Performance of a combined eco-system of ponds and constructed wetlands for wastewater reclamation and reuse.

An on-site study on the operational performance of a combined eco-system of ponds and SF constructed wetland for municipal wastewater treatment and reclamation/reuse in Donging City, Shandong, China was carried out from January 2001 through October 2003. The removal efficiencies for various main parameters were: TSS 84.8 +/- 7.3%, BOD5 87.2 +/- 5.3%, CODCr 70.2 +/- 18.6%, TP 52.3 +/- 23.1%, and NH(3)-N 54.8 +/- 23.9% with effluent concentration of TSS 9.12 +/- 5.12 mg/l, BOD5 6.44 +/- 4.58 mg/l, CODCr, 42.8 +/- 6.7 mg/l, TP 0.94 +/- 0.27 mg/l and NH(3)-N 7.95 +/- 2.36 mg/l. In addition, the removal efficiencies for faecal coliforms and total bacteria were > 99.97% and > 99.998% respectively, which well meet Chinese National standards for effluent quality of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The composition of TSS was closely related to CODCr and BOD5 variations, and nitrification-denitrification is the major mechanism of nitrogen removal both in ponds and in wetlands. In addition, sedimentation also played an important role in the removal of TSS, nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD5. The removal efficiencies of various parameters, the number of species and biomass of biological community in the system increased gradually with the ecological maturation.     

MBR工艺处理城镇污水处理厂污泥水中试研究

将平板膜组件与传统脱氮除磷工艺相结合,构建了膜生物反应器强化生物脱氮除磷中试系统,并用于处理城镇污水处理厂的污泥系统废水。结果表明,出水CODCr、BOD5、NH3—N、TN和TP的平均浓度分别为70.8 mg/L、8.7 mg/L、15.1 mg/L、29.7 mg/L和0.38 mg/L,达到或接近了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级标准。     

Low effluent nutrient technologies for wastewater treatment.

The USEPA (2001) water quality nutrient criteria will have a significant impact on water pollution control industry due to stringent N and P requirements. This paper presents an update of findings on successful total N (TN) and total P (TP) technologies being implemented at existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to achieve low TN and TP effluents and some key challenges in achieving lower levels. Plants consistently achieving <5 mg TN/L and < 0.5 mg TP/L were identified from a worldwide literature search and plant data collection. Technology gaps and research needs to improve successful technologies to achieve very low TN and TP effluents are summarised in this paper. The dissolved and colloidal organic N have been identified as major challenges in achieving very low levels of TN. Technical and economic challenges to achieve very low TP effluents include alkalinity deficiency, high chemical usage, high sludge production and lack of sufficient influent BOD for biological P uptake.     

Kinetic study of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation using Fe electrodes

In this study, treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater by electrocoagulation was investigated in batch system using Fe electrodes. The effect of various variables such as electrode number, current density and operating time was tested. Pollutant removal efficiency increased with increasing electrode number and operating time. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5))(,) chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies using eight electrodes at a contact time of 50 min and a current density of 10 A/m(2) were 66, 62, 60, and 56%, respectively. Higher electrode numbers will allow shorter operating times to achieve certain removal efficiencies. Also, removal efficiencies increased by increasing the current density; the highest removal efficiencies of BOD(5,) COD, TSS, and TN at a contact time of 50 min and a current density of 25 A/m(2) were 97, 93, 81, and 84%, respectively. The results also show that the reactor pH varies directly with the current density; at 25 A/m(2), the reactor pH increased from an initial value of 7.1 to 7.7 after 50 min. The experimental results showed that the kinetics of BOD(5), COD, TSS and TN removal could be fitted adequately using a first order kinetic model (higher R(2)).     

Vegetated ditches for treatment of surface water with highly fluctuating water regime

Vegetated drainage ditches (VDD) as a type of constructed wetland primarily serve to remove and store excess water associated with irrigation and storm events. Current research suggests using a VDD as an additional practice in the mitigation of surface water pollution. The VDD for water treatment of the Glinscica River was constructed in 2006. The efficiency of the system was evaluated in 2008 and 2009 regarding the reduction of SS, COD, BOD5, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, TN, ON and TP. The microbiological association developed in the VDD was analyzed with a focus on the identification and quantification of the narG gene as a denitrification indicator. This paper discusses the efficiency of pollution removal and the distribution of the narG gene within the VDD. The results showed that the highly fluctuating water regime was the main reason for the even distribution and abundance of the narG gene throughout the system, regardless of oxygen saturation or the nutrient status of the wastewater. With the exception of SS, pollutant concentrations met the permitted outflow levels.     

Evaluation of undersized bioretention stormwater control measures for treatment of highway bridge deck runoff

Two grassed bioretention cells were constructed in the easement of a bridge deck in Knightdale, North Carolina, USA, in October, 2009. One was intentionally undersized ('small'), while the other was full sized ('large') per current North Carolina standards. The large and small cells captured runoff from the 25- and 8-mm events, respectively. Both bioretention cells employed average fill media depths of 0.65 m and internal water storage (IWS) zones of 0.6 m. Flow-proportional, composite water quality samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen species, phosphorus species, and TSS. During 13 months of data collection, the large cell's median effluent concentrations and loads were less than those from the small cell. The small cell's TN and TSS load reductions were 84 and 50%, respectively, of those achieved by the large cell, with both cells significantly reducing TN and TSS. TP loads were not significantly reduced by either cell, likely due to low TP concentrations in the highway runoff which may have approached irreducible levels. Outflow pollutant loads from the large and small cell were not significantly different from one another for any of the examined pollutants. The small cell's relative performance provides support for retrofitting undersized systems in urbanized areas where there is insufficient space available for conventional full-sized stormwater treatment systems.