微量镨对Al-5Mg组织及室温和高温力学性能的影响

通过显微组织分析、室温及高温力学性能测试、XRD和SEM分析等方法,研究了稀土Pr对Al_5 Mg合金的显微组织、凝固区间和室/高温力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Al_5Mg合金中加入稀土Pr使合金凝固区间变窄,细化了合金组织;Pr的加入净化了合金组织,减少了合金组织杂质缺陷,提高了合金性能;Pr的加入对合金有固溶和强化相强化作用,β-Al_(11)Pr_3强化相具有较高的高温稳定性能,提高了合金的高温性能。     

电子束熔炼Inconel 740合金不同热处理状态下的组织演变与显微硬度

利用电子束熔炼技术制备Inconel 740合金,研究热处理状态下合金的组织演变过程与显微硬度的分布情况,分析热处理过程中合金相析出规律与相分布特点。结果表明:合金宏观组织良好,夹杂物含量较少,晶粒尺寸在2mm左右。标准热处理后的组织主要为奥氏体,并有大量孪晶,晶界上碳化物M23C6呈连续分布,同时也有G相和η相析出。晶内析出大量球形、尺寸大小约为30nm的强化相γ′。电子束熔炼制备的Inconel 740合金在标准热处理状态下的显微硬度明显高于传统方法制备的同种合金,约高120HV0.1。     

烧结WTi合金坯料的显微组织显示方法及相组成

利用先化学侵蚀再电解侵蚀的方法可以得到清晰的烧结WTi合金坯料的显微组织;并通过对坯料显微组织的定量金相分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析和X射线衍射分析,研究了该合金坯料显微组织的相组成。结果表明:现有烧结工艺制成的W5Ti合金坯料显微组织主要为等轴状β2相(钛在钨中的固溶体),晶粒数约为45 000个/mm2;还含有9%(体积分数)的纯钨相,纯钨相的平均尺寸约为2.65μm,分布在等轴β2相晶粒内;另还含有8%(体积分数)的α-Ti和β2相的共析体。     

LPSO相增强Mg-6Gd-4Y-xZn合金的组织与力学性能

制备了3种LPSO相增强Mg-6Gd-4Y-xZn(x=1,2,3)(%,质量分数,下同)四元镁合金,研究了不同Zn含量对合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响,并探讨了合金中LPSO相的形成与演变过程及其对合金的强化机制。研究结果表明,Mg-6Gd-4Y-3Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg和18R长周期结构相Mg12Y1Zn1相组成。若降低合金中的Zn含量,显微组织中会出现Mg24(GdYZn)5。3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg、18R-LPSO和14H-LPSO相组成,且随着Zn含量的增加,合金中18R-LPSO相的体积分数增加且基体中14H-LPSO相的层片变粗。挤压态合金在T6和T5处理的过程中均发生了β'沉淀。随着Zn含量增加,合金Mg-6Gd-4Y-xZn(包括挤压态和时效态)在常温下的抗拉强度降低。显微组织中18R-LPSO相、细小弥散分布的14H-LPSO相和β'沉淀相共存方能实现理想的强化效果。     

热处理对铸造Ti15-3合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

借助光学显微分析、ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ分析手段研究了不同热处理工艺对Ｔｉ１５－３合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：合金在铸态时的组织特征为粗大的β相,由于合金中没有析出相的弥散强化作用,因而合金的强度低,在不同温度时效处理后,在晶内和晶界析出α相,随着时效温度和时效时间的增加,析出相不断粗化,与铸态相比,合金时效后强度大幅度提高而处伸率大幅度下降,在变形过程中,合金中的位错在析出相周围形成缠结,合     

Ti-17合金大锻件的显微组织研究

前言 Ti-17合金是富β型α+β两相钛合金,名义成分为Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr,可以用来制造航空发动机的压气机盘等厚截面构件。该合金具有良好的淬透性,淬透深度达150mm,有利于保证构件截面显微组织的均匀性。由于β稳定元素的添加量较高,Ti-17合金能够热处理强化,通过不同工艺条件的加工热处理控制其显微组织,改变和调整α与β相的形态、尺寸和分布状态,获得良好的强度与韧性匹配。 Ti-17合金的显微组织特征、相转变及其动力学已有文献报道过。本文通过Ti-17合金大锻件不同部位和不同方向上的显微组织分析研究,发现α相除了形态和尺寸的差异之外,粗大魏氏α片内还有一些交叉或平     

稀土钪对Al-10Mg合金性能的影响

通过微观分析及力学性能测试等方法,研究了添加稀土元素钪对Al-10Mg合金(ZL301合金)显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入适量的钪元素后明显细化了Al-10Mg铸造合金的显微组织,主要是由于钪元素与Al形成颗粒状的稀土化合物Al_3Sc相,使合金中Al_3Mg_2相减少;经435℃×16h固溶处理后,Al_3Mg_2相基本溶解,稀土化合物Al_3Sc相热稳定性较高并未溶解,合金抗拉强度进一步得到提高。当钪元素的添加含量为0.4%时,Al-10Mg合金综合性能最为优良。     

快速凝固Al-8wt%Cr合金显微组织及其耐热性研究

利用单辊急冷装置制取了 Al- 8Wt% Cr合金薄带 ,利用 X光衍射、透射电镜、电子探针及能谱分析等手段研究了该合金急冷态及退火态的显微组织。用显微硬度计测定了合金在不同退火温度后的显微硬度。研究表明 :快速凝固合金薄带沿厚度方向形成了不同的微观组织结构 ;退火后合金组织中的分解沉淀相被辨识为 θ- Al7Cr;通过显微硬度测定间接确定该合金软化温度在 30 0～ 35 0℃范围内。     

2A23时效成形铝合金的时效研究

通过拉伸性能、维氏硬度测试和TEM分析研究了2A23时效成形铝合金的时效制度以及不同时效处理制度下该合金的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:合金适宜的时效温度为170℃,时效时间为20h;S′过渡相为合金的主要强化相;时效前的预变形能促进S′相细小弥散析出,显著提高合金的强度;合金的强度随预变形量的增大而升高,但过大的预变形量又会导致塑性下降;合金最佳的预变形量为2.5%～5%.     

微量Sc和Mn对Al-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸试验,研究了微量Sc和Mn对Al-5Mg合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:在Al-5Mg合金中添加微量Sc、Mn消除了合金铸态枝晶组织,强烈抑制合金退火过程中的再结晶,明显提高了合金的强度,其退火态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高了19～67MPa和25～64MPa;复合添加微量Mn和Sc比单独添加Mn或Sc的强化作用和抑制再结晶效果更显著;合金强化机制为亚结构强化和Mn、Sc与铝的金属间化合物弥散质点的析出强化.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.