中小企业融资之道

都说中小企业融资困难,究竟难在哪里?问题其实很好回答:第一,没有固定资产;第二,没有良好的信用记录;第三,很难提供真实的财务报表。深圳一家为国外知名产品贴牌生产环保包装袋的企业却经营有道,很方便地获得了融资。他们并没有太多的固定资产,也不可能通过固定资产抵押的方式获得贷款。但在开展外贸业务时,他们得到了花旗银行的融资帮助。花旗银行之所以为这家企业提供融资,原因是这家企业的老板手中握着国外知名厂商的订单。花旗银行是在国内率先开发中小企业融资市场的外资银行。在国内多数银行还在以固定资产抵押、担保公司担保等方式经营中小企业贷款业务时,花旗银行已经开发出了更加灵活的融资产品。那么,一家中小企业应如何从银行得到融资?花旗银行中国商业银行部市场总监许昌青将为您作答。     

国航与东航的服务差距在哪？

创业板市场最大的特点就是"低门槛进入,严要求运作"。对希冀上市的中小企业而言,创业板就如同孙悟空头上的"紧箍咒"。创业板的即将推出可谓弥补了当前融资渠道欠缺的一环。因为主板市场的上市条件过于苛刻,中小企业的融资一     

关于中小企业融资难问题调查与思考

企业要生存就离不开融资,有效且通畅的融资渠道对于企业的运营的发展至关重要。但是目前我国的中小企业普遍面临着融资渠道不畅、融资困难的问题,严重制约着我国中小企业的发展壮大。很多中小企业主将融资的目标投向了民间借贷,而不是正轨的金融市场,这也从另一个侧面反应出为中小企业     

推进中小企业公共服务平台网络建设促进民营经济平稳较快发展

中小企业公共服务平台网络建设为中小企业破解困难创造了有利条件。通过服务平台建设,融资、担保、信用、信息、培训、技术、咨询、创业、市场开拓等服务业务深入开展,为中小企业成长提供了重要支撑。     

物流银行，中小企业贷款破题新法

中小企业贷款难已经不是什么新鲜的话题了，但广东发展银行的创新产品“物流银行”却为这个问题提供了一个全新的解题思路。“物流银行”目前已被绝大多数中小企业列为融资的重要渠道之一，它的最大特点是既可解决融资难题，还比传统的融资降低一半以上的成本。     

中小企业融资现状及解决措施

中小企业在促进我国经济转型、推动“大众创业、万众创新”的深入开展中有着积极的作用,目前中小企业的发展所面临的严重资金短缺制约了它们的发展。本文就现阶段中小企业的融资问题进行了概述,探究了中小企业产生融资困难的原因,分析了现阶段中小企业融资工作中存在的问题,进一步提出了解决措施,以期能够优化中小企业融资工作。     

中小企业融资的国际比较与经验借鉴

各国经济发展的实践表明,中小企业在经济发展中发挥了重要作用,并受到了各国政府的高度重视。中小企业在其发展过程中一直面临融资难的问题。本文通过对比美国、日本等国家中小企业融资渠道情况,在借鉴国外中小企业融资经验的基础上,对我国中小企业融资提出了相关建议。     

我国中小企业融资难题分析与化解对策

在国家金融危机的背景下,国家收紧银根和对房地产等行业调控,多数中小企业陷入经营困境,资金短缺,营业收入大幅下 降,经营成本急剧上升,利润空间被严重挤压,造成中小型企业资金链断裂。中小企业自身存在的问题也造成了更为广泛的融资困 局,包括融资中内源融资供给量减少、融资风险增加、融资成本和融资难度加大等问题。在这种情况下,需要中小企业自身、政府、 金融机构各方的协力合作,加大对中小企业的金融支持,拓宽融资渠道,建立多样化中小企业融资制度,推动中小企业健康发展。     

发达国家中小企业政策性融资机制优劣比较与启示

当前，政策性融资已成为各国政府对中小企业进行资金支持的有力工具，但由于各国的经济体制和法律制度等社会环境及历史原因，使其中小企业政策性融资机制存在差异性，并直接影响对中小企业金融支持的效果。本文通过比较分析发达国家中小企业政策性融资机制优劣，探讨如何构建适合中国国情的中小企业政策性融资机制。     

探析中小企业融资现状

随着我国社会主义经济体制的改革与完善,中小企业已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分,但融资难已成为制约中小企业发展的最大问题。本文首先阐述了中小企业融资的概述,包括融资的概念、特征以及融资方式的选择;其次,以西安阐述了该企业融资存在的问题、以及融资不足的原因,并从企业特定的自身条件和外部环境不断变化这两方面对其进行成因分析,提出了提高中小企业融资能力的一系列对策。     

基于Java EE的中小企业信用评级系统的架构

我国中小企业融资难的问题已成为制约中小企业发展的主要障碍。而造成融资难的最根本的原因是企业信用问题。为了引导中小企业增强诚信观念、改善企业信用状况,开发一个标准的、可靠的信用评级系统显得尤为重要。面对众多的技术架构,以Java EE为核心的Struts2、Spring、Hibernate（SSH）框架成为开发B/S系统的首选。针对中小企业信用评级系统的特点,研究如何使用SSH进行系统架构。     

Blockchain-enabled logistics finance execution platform for capital-constrained E-commerce retail

As one of the most prevailing retail channels, E-commerce has nowadays facilitated retailers to sell goods to customers worldwide and tremendously increased the supply chain efficiency by removing most intermediate links. The broaden business scope and accelerated goods circulation, nevertheless, have generally led to capital shortages for retailers, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Given the SMEs’ difficulty in acquiring capital from financial institutions such as banks, logistics finance (LF) has emerged as an alternative, which is the combination of logistics and financial service. However, the frequent order fulfillment and diversity of pledges in E-commerce hinder SMEs in meeting LF's financing requirements. Furthermore, the current LF relies more on large and reputable third-party logistics (3PLs) to alleviate financing risks, which in turn raises the entry threshold for other 3PLs. Hence, this paper has proposed a blockchain-enabled logistics finance execution platform (BcLFEP) as an integrated solution to facilitate LF for E-commerce retail. A cross-layered architecture is proposed to organize and manage involved resources, workflows and decisions based on the object-oriented methodology (OOM). A hybrid finite state machine-based smart contract (HFSM-SC) is designed to associate and coordinate with all kinds of agents for LF operations throughout its lifecycle. Moreover, blockchain is integrated with agent technology to construct a blockchain-enabled multi-agent system (BcMAS), providing a trusted runtime environment to more autonomously and efficiently execute smart contract. Finally, a case study is conducted to implement BcLFEP-enabled dynamic pledge management for verification and evaluation.     

Comparison of individual,ensemble and integrated ensemble machine learning methods to predict China’s SME credit risk in supply chain finance

Supply chain finance (SCF) becomes more important for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to global credit crunch, supply chain financing woes and tightening credit criteria for corporate lending. Currently, predicting SME credit risk is significant for guaranteeing SCF in smooth operation. In this paper, we apply six methods, i.e., one individual machine learning (IML, i.e., decision tree) method, three ensemble machine learning methods [EML, i.e., bagging, boosting, and random subspace (RS)], and two integrated ensemble machine learning methods (IEML, i.e., RS–boosting and multi-boosting), to predict SMEs credit risk in SCF and compare the effectiveness and feasibility of six methods. In the experiment, we choose the quarterly financial and non-financial data of 48 listed SMEs from Small and Medium Enterprise Board of Shenzhen Stock Exchange, six listed core enterprises (CEs) from Shanghai Stock Exchange and three listed CEs from Shenzhen Stock Exchange during the period of 2012–2013 as the empirical samples. Experimental results reveal that the IEML methods acquire better performance than IML and EML method. In particular, RS–boosting is the best method to predict SMEs credit risk among six methods.

     

基于J2EE动产质押管理系统研究与设计

随着改革开放步伐的日益深入,融资难成为制约我国中小企业发展的主要因素和瓶颈.动产质押业务拓宽了企业融资渠道,有利于企业存货资产和资金周转.金融电子化在动产质押中的应用研究能够加强动产质押监管研究,作为其应用研究成果的CMMS能够实现动产质押监管的电子化、保障金融安全、解决中小企业融资难的问题、加快供应链运转,最终实现良...     

Industrial data management strategy towards an SME-oriented PHM

The fourth industrial revolution is derived from advances in digitization and prognostic and health management (PHM) disciplines to make plants smarter and more efficient. However, an adapted approach for data-driven PHM process implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has not been yet discussed. This research gap is due to the specificities of SMEs and the lack of documentation. In this paper, we examine existing standards for implementing PHM in the industrial field and discuss the limitations within SMEs. Based on that, a novel strategy to implement a data-driven PHM approach in SMEs is proposed. Accordingly, the data management process and the impact of data quality are reviewed to address some critical data problems in SMEs (e.g., data volume and data accuracy). A first set of simulations was carried out to study the impact of the data volume and percentage of missing data on classification problems in PHM. A general model of the evolution of the results accuracy in function of data volume and missing data is then generated, and an economic data volume notion is proposed for data infrastructure resizing. The proposed strategy and the developed models are then applied to the Scoder enterprise, which is a French SME. The feedback on the first results of this application is reported and discussed.     

基于信用担保的资金约束供应链订货与定价决策

受自由现金流的限制, 中小企业需要外部融资来实现良性运营, 供应商信用担保贷款是一种有效手段. 考虑银行下侧风险控制的担保贷款模型, 根据供应链购销过程中的订货量和批发价参数决策, 评价供应链内部无风险资本转移过程. 通过建立供应商担保费率、风险担保比率设计和银行利率组合模型, 确定贷款担保系统的最优决策. 研究结果表明: 在具有贷款可获得性的资金约束供应链中, 存在最优订货量与批发价的组合, 且供应商销售收入存在最值; 在担保贷款过程中, 存在最优风险分担比例, 通过设计合理的风险控制模型, 可提高零售商资金水平, 达到供应链的协同.

     

区块链下的仓单质押银企演化博弈分析

随着中小企业仓单质押融资过程中的仓单造假、违约现象的频发,银行面临的监管压力也逐渐增大,银企之间的矛盾难以得到解决。区块链技术的产生为银行的监管提供了便利,它能够实现交易信息的共享,使得融资更加透明化。建立了银行和中小企业双方的演化博弈模型,根据演化相位图中均衡点的位置,计算和分析了信息共享因素和区块链技术因素对模型的影响,探讨双方的决策变化及演化路径,通过MATLAB进行数值仿真分析,进一步验证了计算结果的可靠性,最终结果表明信息共享激励和区块激励等因素会促使银行选择区块链监管,而信息共享风险和区块链成本等因素则相反,最后针对演化博弈模型的结果提出了一些相应的建议。     

带有订单转保理的供应链金融的收益共享博弈模型

当作为供应商的中小企业出现了严重的财务困境问题时,急需有效融资工具和创新管理模式加以解决.订单转保理可以令资质良好的零售商为资金短缺的供应商提供融资担保,有效解决供应商的订单减少和融资难的问题.然而,分散决策的订单转保理融资模式,使得做担保的零售商的收益降低,不能明显改善供应链效率.针对此问题,研究订单转保理模式下的供应链协调模型,并重点研究由供应商与零售商组成的二级供应链的订单转保理收益共享模型.研究发现:收益共享决策模型供应链总收益小于集中决策供应链总收益,大于分散决策的供应链总收益,表明供应链成员相互合作程度越高,越有利于供应链发展,从而表明协调在供应链中发挥重要作用.然而,集中决策模型只能得到供应链最优总收益,无法得到供应商和零售商的最优收益.收益共享模型不仅能够提高产品订货量,降低产品批发价格,增加供应商和零售商的收益,而且通过最优的收益共享系数可以得到供应商和零售商的最优收益.收益共享机制能够为供应商和零售商共赢协调发展提供新的运作管理模式.     

Using balanced scorecards for the evaluation of “Software-as-a-service”

To overcome the problem of limited resources, increasing numbers of small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs) are adopting “Software-as-a-service” (Saas) as an efficient tool for IS implementation. The balanced scorecard (BSC) has been adopted by SMEs to evaluate Saas via four measures: learning and growth, internal business processes, customer performance, and financial performance. The survey results for 101 Software-as-a-service adopters indicate that learning and growth, internal business processes, and customer performance are causally related to financial performance. The results show that these four key elements for Saas success are interrelated, supporting the core premise of the BSC.     

Implementing Requirements Engineering Processes: Using Cooperative Self-Assessment and Improvement

Requirements engineering can help assure success for projects and their products. Small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) demand effective, efficient RE practice because they must adhere to delivery dates and provide the same quality as large organizations, but with a smaller budget and staff. Moreover, these companies are highly affected by each customer's specific needs, and they must react accordingly.