PVC/聚烯烃/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

将钠基蒙脱土(MMT)预先负载小分子单体丙烯酰胺(AM)和引发剂过氧化二异丙苯，然后与PVC／PE或PVC／PP在双辊上进行插层复合，制成了PVC／聚烯烃／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明：吸附丙烯酰胺后蒙脱土的层间距有所增大，AM-MMT填充的复合材料属于插层型纳米复合材料，PP复合材料比PE复合材料更容易插层蒙脱土；纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度都随AM-MMT用量的增加有一最大值；DSC显示插层效果较好的纳米复合材料的Tg较低。     

聚丙烯/接枝物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备

采用熔融插层法制备聚丙烯／接枝物（PP－g－MAH）／有机蒙脱土（org-mont）纳米复合材料，用X射线衍射法（XRD）检测复合材料层间距的变化，用示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究其非等结晶动力学，并考察了纳米复合材料的力学性能。结果发现，非极性PP大分子链很难直接插入蒙脱土片层，引入适量的接枝物是制备聚丙烯基纳米复合材料的关键。适当用量的蒙脱土和接枝物可使PP的结晶温度和结晶速率提高，分别在10％、20％时出现最大值。随接枝物用量的增加，纳米复合材料拉伸强度先增加后减小，10％时最大，比纯PP增加了14％，“V”缺口冲击强度和纯PP相近。可以得出，org-mont含量为2％，接枝物含量为10％时，纳米复合材料的综合性能最佳。     

PP/PVAc-OMMT纳米复合材料流变行为的研究

借助HAAKE RHEOCORD 90 流变仪分别在180,190和200℃3个温度下,研究了聚丙烯(PP)和PP/聚醋酸乙烯酯有机蒙脱土(PVAc-OMMT)纳米复合材料的流变行为.结果表明:PP/PVAc-OMMT纳米复合材料的熔体流动行为同PP一样,仍属于非牛顿型假塑性流体流动行为,剪切应力对纳米复合材料中OMMT含量变化敏感;恒温下随着OMMT含量的增加,纳米复合材料的表观粘度增加;PVAc-OMMT的加入明显减弱了PP表观粘度对温度变化的敏感程度; 相同温度下,PP/PVAc-OMMT纳米复合材料挤出膨胀比低于PP的,这一特性说明PP/PVAc-OMMT纳米复合材料制品尺寸稳定性较PP有所提高.     

HIPS/纳米蒙脱土复合材料的研究

添加不同种类，不同数量的纳米蒙脱土，混炼制得HIPS／纳米蒙脱土复合材料，以改善高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）的性能，测试了其力学性能，热稳定性性。结果表明，添加3％烘干的蒙脱土Cloisite 30A的HIPS／纳米蒙脱土复合材料具有较好的综合力学性能，可作为工程塑料使用；HIPS／纳米蒙脱土复合材料的热稳定性与阻燃性有所改善，添加5％烘干的蒙脱土Cloisite 15A的HIPS／纳米蒙脱土复合材料具有较好的阻燃性。     

聚丙烯／三元乙丙橡胶／改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和性能

用马来酸酐和苯乙烯改性蒙脱土得到改性蒙脱土（SMA-MMT），然后用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯（PP）／三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）／改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料，且加入接枝物PP-g-MAH-St作为相容剂。X射线衍射分析显示SMA-MMT的层间距达到3．98nm。透射电镜分析表明聚合物分子链已经插入蒙脱土片层中。接枝物含量为15％（质量分数，下同）时，复合材料的力学性能达到最好，拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为32．4MPa和79．5J／m。差示扫描量热分析结果表明，PP-g-MAH-St和SMA-MMT的加入可以改善PP的结晶性能，当PP-g-MAH-St和SMA-MMT含量分别为15％和2％时，复合材料中PP的结晶温度为120℃。     

氢化丁腈橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用机械混炼法制备氢化丁腈橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并对复合材料的微观结构及性能进行了研究。透射电镜和X衍射结果显示，制得一种剥离型纳米复合材料；与纯氢化丁腈硫化橡胶相比，氢化丁腈橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优良的力学性能，并且随蒙脱土含量的增加而提高；TGA结果显示，氢化丁腈橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热稳定性能提高。     

利用混配催化剂制备宽峰聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的方法

利用混配催化剂制备宽峰聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的方法。将催化剂A和催化剂B按照1：9—9：1的比例制备混配催化剂，利用混配催化剂制备宽峰聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。该纳米复合材料的聚合产物堆积密度大于0．37g／cm^3，拉伸强度大于35MPa，维卡耐热温度大于130℃，分子量分布S值在8～16。本发明提供的混配催化剂适用于淤浆聚合工艺制备宽峰聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。该纳米复合材料具有良好的力学强度、耐热性及加工性能，使其可在薄膜、建材、管道、吹塑成型用料、注射成型用料、电线电缆等领域有广泛的用途。     

阻隔性聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的开发

介绍了聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法和主要特性，重点综述了阻隔性聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的开发进展，包括聚酰胺(PA)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料、聚苯乙烯(PS)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料、超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。     

聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

以蒙脱土／十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为前驱物负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂，通过插层原位聚合的方法制备了聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备规律进行了研究。用透射电镜、扫描电镜、XRD，DSC等手段研究了结构和性能的相互关系，以及蒙脱土的含量对复合材料熔点与结晶行为的影响。研究表明：蒙脱土的片层结构被破坏，并以纳米级均匀分散在聚合物基体中。蒙脱土的质量分数为3％左右时，聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优良的综合性能。     

尼龙1212/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过插层聚合制备了尼龙1212／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，研究了反应条件、蒙脱土含量对复合材料性能的影响，并分析了原因。结果表明，聚合时加搅拌所制备复合材料的性能优于未加搅拌的，反应温度为240℃时复合材料的拉伸强度最高；蒙脱土含量为4％时，复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值，比纯尼龙1212提高18．9％，蒙脱土含量为6％时，复合材料的缺口冲击强度最高，比纯尼龙1212提高21．3％。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997