Utility of certain pi-acceptors for the spectrophotometric determination of perindopril

Simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of perindopril. The methods are based on the reaction of this drug as n-electron donor with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone(DDQ)-7,7,8,8- tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), chloranil (CL) and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) as pi-acceptors to give highly coloured complex species. The coloured products are measured spectrophotometrically at 588, 843, 419, 550 and 520 nm for DDQ, TCNQ, TCNE, CL and p-CA, respectively, optimization of different experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 20-200 micrograms ml-1 and colours were produced in non-aqueous media and were stable for at least 1 h. Application of the suggested methods to perindopril tablets are presented.     

Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of ramipril and perindopril through ternary complex formation with eosin and Cu(II)

Two sensitive, spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric procedures are developed for the determination of ramipril and perindopril. Both methods are based on the formation of a ternary complex, extractable with chloroform, between copper(II), eosin and the two cited drugs. Spectrophotometrically under the optimum condition, the ternary complexes showed an absorption maximum at 535 nm, with apparent molar absorptivities of 6.55 and 4.00 x 10(3) mol(-1) x cm(-1) and Sandell's sensitivities of 5.80 x 10(-2) and 1.04 x 10(-1) microg x cm(-2) for perindopril and ramipril, respectively. The solution of ternary complex obeyed Beer's law in concentration ranges 10-60 and 20-100 microg x ml(-1) for perindopril and ramipril, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the two cited drugs in pharmaceutical tablets. The atomic absorption spectrometric method, directly through the quantitative determination of copper content of the organic extract of the complex, was also investigated for the purpose of enhancing the sensitivity of the determination. The spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric procedures hold their accuracy and precision well when applied to the determination of ramipril and perindopril dosage forms.     

Derivative spectrophotometric determination of the triethylammonium salt of cefotaxime in presence of related compounds from the synthesis

Cefotaxime sodium is a broad spectrum third generation antibiotic. It is obtained by reaction of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and S-(2-benzothiazolyl)2-amino-alpha-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazoleethanethio ate. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a by-product of this reaction. A derivative spectrophotometric determination of cefotaxime is proposed for its determination in a reaction mixture in the presence of the related compounds from synthesis. With this method Beer's law is obeyed over a concentration range from 0.005 to 0.080 mg ml(-1) at 276.8 nm (r = 0.9995). This technique is accurate, precise (RSD = 0.4%), and has a sensitivity of 1.2% (differences in analytical response of 0.74 microg ml(-1) could be detected). Recovery experiments of cefotaxime from reaction mixtures include 100% for all assayed concentrations. For these reasons, this technique is found valid for the intended purposes.     

Simultaneous determination of cefepime and L-arginine in injections by second-derivative spectrophotometry

A simple spectrophotometric assay for the determination of cefepime and L-arginine in injections is described. Since zero-order spectra showed considerable overlap, second-derivative spectrophotometry was used to enhance the spectral details. A linear relationship between second-derivative amplitude and concentration of each compound was found. Beer's law was obeyed up to 50 and 22 micrograms ml-1 of cefepime and arginine, respectively, in the second-derivative mode. Detection limits were 0.31 and 0.58 micrograms ml-1 for cefepime and arginine, respectively. The method, which is rapid, simple and does not require any separation step, has been successfully applied to the assay of commercial injections containing cefepime and arginine.     

金属及合金中铟的光度分析

论述了金属及合金中铟的光度分析方法发展状况，呈色体系和显色条件，以及相应光度分析方法的最大吸收波长、摩尔吸光系数、检测限、符合比尔定律的范围和干扰情况等。     

合金中微量铈的分光光度法测定

提出一种简便、快速测定合金中微量铈的分析方法。在ｐＨ２～３的介质中，以偶氮氯膦－ｍｓ显色，λｍａｘ＝６４４ｎｍ，ε＝４．７６×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，铈的含量在０～２５μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围符合比耳定律，大量镁、锰等不干扰。此法已成功地用于镁锰合金试样分析。     

Spectrophotometric determination of diphenhydramine. HC1 in pharmaceutical preparations

A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for determining diphenhydramine. HC1, based on solvent extraction into chloroform of the complex formed with bromocresol green. The complex solution in chloroform showed maximum absorption at 415 nm and obeyed Beer's law over the concentration range of 3.0-12.0 microgram/ml. The molar absorptivity of the complex was 2.02 x 10(4). Complex formation and extraction was complete and quantitative over the pH range from 2 to 5. The ratio of diphenhydramine to bromocresol green was 1:1. Excipients, coloring matter, flavoring agents, and other substances likely to be present in diphenhydramine preparations do not interfere in the determination. Direct determinations in tablet, capsule, sirup, and lotion preparations were carried out satisfactorily, and the average recovery was 100 +/- 1.0%.     

1-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-2-羟基-3-萘甲酸与镍(Ⅱ)的显色反应研究及应用

用分光光度法研究了新试剂1-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-2-羟基-3-萘甲酸(BTAHN)与镍Ⅱ的显色反应性能。在pH4·6~10·4范围内,BTAHN与镍Ⅱ形成2∶1的蓝色络合物,该络合物的最大吸收波长λmax在612nm处,25mL溶液中镍的质量在0~34μg范围内服从比尔定律,测定的表观摩尔吸光系数ε612为3·52×104,所拟方法用于合金钢样品中微量镍的测定,结果满意。     

1-(4-安替比林)-3-(2,4,6-三溴苯基)-三氮烯的合成及其与铜（Ⅱ）的显色反应

合成并鉴定了一种三氮烯试剂1-(4-安替比林)-3-(2,4,6-三溴苯基) -三氮烯(ATTBPT)。研究了该试剂与铜（Ⅱ）的显色反应条件,建立了一个测定铜（Ⅱ）的光度分析新方法。实验结果表明,在吐温-80溶液存在下,在硼砂-氢氧化钠介质中,ATTBPT与铜（Ⅱ）发生灵敏的显色反应,生成配合比为2∶1的橙红色络合物。络合物的最大吸收峰位于505 nm,表观摩尔吸收系数为1.5×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,在10 mL溶液中,铜（Ⅱ）量在0.3～5.0 μg之间符合比尔定律,检出限为0.1 mg/L。该显色反应具有较强的抗干扰能力,用于水样品中微量铜（Ⅱ）的测定,相对标准偏差(n=6)≤1.0%,方法回收率在103%～104%之间。     

新试剂SPAQ与铜的显色反应研究及应用

本文研究了新试剂5-(4-磺酸钠苯偶氮)-8-氨基喹啉(SPAQ)与铜的显色反应及其最佳条件.在CTMAB存在下,于pH9.5的硼砂介质中,SPAQ与铜形成2:1的紫红色配合物,其最大吸收峰位于584.6nm,摩尔吸光系数为7.8×10~4.铜量在0～20μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律.方法灵敏、快速,不需萃取分离,可用于粗铅、粗锌及锌合金中的微量铜的测定,结果满意.     

1-(4-安替比林)-3-(3-硝基苯胺)三氮烯的合成及其与金（Ⅲ）的显色反应

合成并鉴定了一种三氮烯试剂1-(4-安替比林)-3-(3-硝基苯胺)三氮烯(ANTA),研究了该试剂与Au（Ⅲ）的显色反应条件,并建立了一个测定Au（Ⅲ）的光度分析新方法。结果表明,在Triton X-100溶液存在下,ANTA与Au（Ⅲ） 在硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中发生灵敏的显色反应,生成络合比为2∶1的橙红色络合物。该络合物的最大吸收峰位于515 nm,表观摩尔吸收系数为1.9×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,在10 mL溶液中,Au（Ⅲ）量在0.5～8.0 μg之间符合比尔定律,检出限为0.20 mg/L。共存干扰离子实验表明该显色反应具有较强的抗干扰能力。方法用于金矿石样品中Au（Ⅲ）的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法一致,相对标准偏差(n=6)≤0.6%。     

5-（对羧基苯偶氮）-8 -羟基喹哪啶分光光度法测定痕量金

研究了在CTMAB微乳溶液存在下,5 (对羧基苯偶氮) 8 羟基喹哪啶(5 CPAHQD)与Au发生显色反应的条件,建立了新的测定痕量Au的分光光度法。实验结果表明,在醋酸 醋酸钠介质中,5 (对羧基苯偶氮) 8 羟基喹哪啶与Au发生灵敏的显色反应,生成络合比为2∶1的红色络合物,其最大吸收峰位于530 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.0×105 L·mol－1·cm－1。在10 mL溶液中, Au量在0.004～7.2 μg之间符合比尔定律,检出限为0.12 μg/L,并且该显色反应具有较强的抗干扰能力,可用于金矿样品中痕量Au的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法相一致,相对标准偏差(n =6)为3.4%和4.2%。     

Furazolidone, amoxycillin, bismuth triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the assay for the moclobemide. The method is based on the molecular interaction between the drug and chloranilic acid, to form a charge-transfer complex in which the drug acts as n-donor and chloranilic acid as pi-acceptor. Chloranilic acid was found to form a charge-transfer complex in a 1:1 stoichiometry with a maximum absorption band at 526 nm. Conformity with Beer's law was evident over the concentration range 4-36 mg 100 ml-1. A complete, detailed investigation of the complex formed was made with respect to its composition, association constant, molar absorptivity and free energy change. The method has been applied successfully to the analysis of commercially available moclobemide tablets with good recovery and reproducibility.     

铁(Ⅲ)-对氨基苯基荧光酮-变色酸-OP体系分光光度法测定铁

在碱性介质中,铁(Ⅲ)与对氨基苯基荧光酮和变色酸及乳化剂OP发生显色反应,据此建立了分光光度法测定铁的方法。研究发现:铁(Ⅲ)与对氨基苯基荧光酮及变色酸及OP形成了绿色的四元混配胶束络合物,该络合物的最大吸收波长为620 nm,且络合物中铁(Ⅲ)与对氨基苯基荧光酮及变色酸的组成比nFe(Ⅲ)∶nAPF∶nCA为1∶2∶1。在10 mL溶液中铁质量在1~10μg范围内服从比尔定律,相关系数为0.999 5。方法用于铝合金样品中微量铁的测定,结果同经典的邻二氮杂菲法所得结果相吻合。     

火焰原子吸收法测定红土镍矿中锌

以盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸溶解红土镍矿,加高氯酸冒烟除去硅和氟,在稀盐酸介质中,于原子吸收光谱仪波长213.9 nm处,使用空气-乙炔火焰,测定了样品中锌的含量。通过正交实验确定了原子吸收光谱仪测定锌的最佳工作条件,并主要讨论了溶样方法、酸介质和共存元素的影响。在最佳实验条件下,锌在0～1.0 μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律,检出限为0.002 4 μg/mL。运用此方法测定合成红土镍矿样品中锌含量,相对标准偏差（n=11）均小于2.3%,结果与理论值一致。此方法适合于测定锌含量在0.01％～1.0％的红土镍矿。     

2-(5-溴-4-甲基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺与镍显色反应的研究

研究了新试剂2-(5-溴-4-甲基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺(5-Br-4-CH₃-PADMA)与镍的显色反应,建立了分光光度法测定镍的新方法。结果表明,在 pH 值为 4.2~6.0 的 HAc-NaAc 缓冲溶液中,在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)存在下,镍与 5-Br-4-CH₃-PADMA 形成稳定的组成比为1∶2的紫色配合物,其最大吸收波长位于 567 nm 处。镍的质量浓度在0～0.40 μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律,校准曲线的线性相关系数r=0.999 2,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.22×10⁵ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。以硫脲和氟化铵做掩蔽剂可消除Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺ 和Pd²⁺等离子的干扰。方法用于铝合金中微量镍的测定,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为0.58%~0.98%,并与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定值一致。     

混合增效剂存在下停流FIA光度法测定钼—Mo—SCN^_—MG体系

本文研究了在PVA—Triton X-100存在下,用Mo—SCN~-—MG体系测定微量钼的停流流动注射-光度法,克服了体系稳定性差的缺点,成功地用于钢铁样品和钼铁矿附近井水中微量钼的测定。比尔定律范围40～200ppb,RSD<1％,回收率103％～108％,测定频率24样/h。     

阴离子交换树脂相分光光度法测定铝合金中痕量铜

建立了以Dowex 1×2型阴离子交换树脂为吸附相,在pH值为8.0、非离子表面活性剂存在下,铜与铜试剂、乳化剂OP三元络合体系测定铜含量的分光光度法。通过试验确定了Dowex 1×2型阴离子树脂用量为0.30 mL、显色剂用量为2.0 mL、乳化剂OP溶液用量为1.0 mL、最佳吸附时间为25 min、最大吸收波长为437 nm。常见共存离子不干扰铜的测定,Fe³⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺对显色体系的干扰,可加入5 mL 50.0 g/L EDTA-200.0 g/L TAC混合掩蔽剂掩蔽。Cu浓度在4.0～50.0 μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律,线性回归方程为A=0.279 0ρ+0.062 7,相关系数r=0.999 3,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为1.79×10⁵ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。方法的检出限为0.063 mg/mL。对铝合金样品中痕量铜进行测定,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.0%~7.9%,测定结果同原子吸收光谱法的结果一致。     

偶氮氯膦Ⅲ光度法测定锶硅铁合金中锶

研究了显色剂偶氮氯膦Ⅲ与锶的显色反应。实验表明,在pH 2.9的H₃PO₄溶液中,锶与偶氮氯膦Ⅲ反应形成蓝色络合物,最大吸收波长为660 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.67×10⁴ L· mol^-1·cm^-1。在选定的最佳实验条件下,锶量在0.04～1.6 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,方法检出限为0.04 μg/mL。方法以EDTA-Mn溶液掩蔽铁后,用于锶硅铁合金中锶的测定,测得结果与原子吸收光谱法一致,相对标准偏差（n=5）为1.5%～2.2%,加标回收率为98%～102%。     

4-硝基-4′-氟苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯双波长分光光度法测定镍

报道了新含氟显色剂4-硝基-4′-氟苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与镍(Ⅱ)的显色反应。试验表明,在pH 8.6 Na2B4O7-HCl缓冲溶液、Tween-85存在下,试剂与镍(Ⅱ)形成4∶1的稳定紫红色络合物。最大吸收正峰为504 nm,负峰为424 nm;且在25 mL显色液中镍(Ⅱ)的量在0~4μg范围内符合比尔定律。在两最大正负吸收波长处分别进行单波长分光光度法测定,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.13×105,1.06×105L.mol-1.cm-1。再以424 nm为参比波长、504 nm为测量波长进行吸光度叠加的双波长光度法测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.17×105L.mol-1.cm-1。加入混合掩蔽剂NaF-硫脲,可消除常见共存离子的干扰。本法可用于测定多元素混合标准溶液和不锈钢中的镍(Ⅱ),回收率为96%~98%,混合标准溶液的测定值与认定值相一致。