微波法制备无硫膨胀石墨结构特征研究

以黑龙江萝北石墨为原料,采用H3PO4和CH3COOH插层石墨,微波膨化制备了无硫膨胀石墨.采用IR、XRD 和 SEM 测试技术进行结构表征,并对比不同捅层剂制备的膨胀石墨微波膨化的膨胀效果与结构差异.研究表明:对于磷酸法制备的膨胀石墨,其微波膨胀效果与结构完整性均优于冰乙酸法制备的膨胀石墨,磷酸法制备的膨胀石墨的膨胀倍率可达到282 mL·g-1.     

硝化石墨烯制备及对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

为提高石墨烯在含能材料中的释能和催化效果,采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,进一步硝化生成硝化石墨烯（NGO）。使用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、有机元素分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和热重-非等温量热分析对制备样品进行结构和性能分析,并通过定容燃烧实验测试NGO在含能体系中的燃烧情况。实验结果表明：作为一种新型含能催化剂,所制备的NGO为片层堆叠状,表面有褶皱;在氧化石墨烯部分含氧官能团位点处悬挂硝酸酯基和硝基,氮含量为8%;NGO分解焓约为659 J/g,热分解总失重为47%;在高氯酸铵（AP）中加入5% NGO,AP各分解步骤峰温均提前,且低温分解活化能由112.6 kJ/mol降至99.4 kJ/mol,临界热爆炸温度由431 ℃降至366 ℃;NGO的加入使AP包覆铝体系的反应热值提高约13%,峰压提高约56%.     

掺杂膨胀石墨的红外遮蔽性能

采用化学氧化法制备了可膨胀石墨,并将其分别与CuO、Fe<,3>O<,4>混合、高温(900℃)膨胀,得到了掺杂膨胀石墨;测试掺杂膨胀石墨的膨胀体积,并用静态测试方法对比测试了掺杂膨胀石墨的遮蔽率.结果发现,掺杂CuO膨胀石墨的膨胀体积从不掺杂膨胀石墨的245 mL·g<'-1>下降到130 mL·g<'-1>,相应的...     

超细石墨插层化合物的制备及性能测试

以浓硫酸和重铬酸钾为强氧化剂,对2—5μm微粉石墨进行了浓硫酸和冰醋酸插层。通过控制反应物之间的比例,可制各出膨胀容积为7．6～13．6mL/g的超细石墨插层化合物。应用FTIR光谱仪和大气采样器研究了产物的红外消光能力和空中飘浮能力。结果表明,该产物与原石墨、市售可膨胀石墨相比有较大的空中飘浮能力及红外遮蔽能力。     

新型宽频吸波剂溴-插层化合物研究

制备了一种新型宽频吸波剂溴-石墨插层化合物及溴-插层石墨纤维，应用扫描电子显微镜对产物结构特点、表面形貌及膨胀性能进行研究，根据范德堡法测试粉末状溴-石墨层间化合物的电导率；由傅立叶红外变换光谱仪测试出超细粉溴-石墨插层化合物的吸光度，并由毫米波信号发生装置测试出溴-插层石墨纤维的衰减率，从而得到其质量消光系数。结果证实溴-插层化合物对工作在军用红外波段及8mm波段的电子设施能够可靠实施干扰。     

Ni-Al复合涂层对P92耐热钢高温抗氧化性的影响

为提高P92钢的高温抗氧化性,采用电镀镍+低温粉末包埋渗铝技术,在其表面制备Ni-Al双层复合涂层,研究其在650℃下空气中的氧化行为及机理,并与P92钢基体的氧化行为做对比分析。用X射线衍射仪及配有能谱仪探头的扫描电子显微镜分析涂层氧化前后的显微组织、物相组成及元素沿截面的扩散规律。结果表明:复合涂层的渗铝层致密无孔洞,物相组成物为Ni-Al金属间化合物,且由Ni2Al3到β-NiAl的物相转变受Ni/Al互扩散控制;经132 h氧化后,P92钢表面生成双氧化层,外层主要为疏松多孔的Fe2O3,内层为(Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3,而Ni-Al复合涂层表面则形成保护性的Al2O3,在氧化过程中无明显裂纹,具有良好的结构稳定性。包覆Ni-Al涂层处理后,P92钢单位面积氧化增质量由11 g/m2降低到2.713 g/m2,明显提高P92钢的抗氧化性。     

5,6-二氨基呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪-4,7-二氧化物（DAFPO）的合成、结构及性能

新型高能不敏感含能材料的合成对于武器装备能量水平和安全性的提升有重要意义。以5,6-二氨基呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪为原料,经氧化反应首次合成了5,6-二氨基呋咱并[3,4-b]吡嗪-4,7-二氧化物(DAFPO),用核磁共振(氢谱、碳谱、氮谱)、红外光谱和元素分析对其进行了表征。以乙酸乙酿为溶剂使用缓慢蒸发法获得了DAFPO-2H_2O的单晶,利用X-射线单晶衍射和Hirshfeld表面分析完成了结构解析和分子间相互作用研究。结果表明,DAFPO·2H_2O属正交晶系,Pna2_1空间群,296 K下晶体密度1.806 g·cm~(-3),分子间存在较强的O…H和N…H氢键作用。使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重法(TG/DTG)进行热分析,结果显示其热分解峰温为131.8℃。基于原子化反应利用Gaussian 09计算DAFPO的固相生成热为753.5 kJ·mol~(-1),由气体膨胀置换法测得其密度1.86 g·cm~(-3),使用EXPLO5预测其理论爆速和理论爆压分别为8836 m·s~(-1)和36.0 GPa,采用BAM标准方法测得其撞击感度大于40 J,摩擦感度大于360 N。性能研究结果表明,DAFPO是一种兼具较高能量水平和优良安全性能的新型不敏感含能材料。     

石墨对粉末冶金镍基高温合金氧化行为的影响研究

用粉末冶金热压制备了不含石墨以及添加了3%石墨的镍铬基合金,考察两种合金在900℃时的等温氧化行为,用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析材料的氧化产物。结果表明,不含石墨时,合金表面氧化生成尖晶石结构的NiCr2O4以及Cr2O3,从而抑制了材料的氧化速度。加入石墨后,由于石墨的氧化分解,在材料表面生成了疏松的Cr2O3,使材料的氧化增重增加。     

镁合金微弧氧化膜表面层与致密层界面组织的研究

研究镁合金微弧氧化膜的表面层与致密层界面处的组织形态。在磷酸盐碱性电解液(5～20g/LNaH2PO4,1～5g/LNaOH,5～8g/LKF,0.5～2g/LNa3C6H5O7,0.5～2g/LEDTA)中,以AZ91镁合金为基体制备出微弧氧化陶瓷薄膜,制备时采用恒电流控制模式,电流密度为10～30A/dm2。采用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究氧化薄膜界面及附近区域的微观结构。结果表明:微弧氧化膜的表面层靠近表面层与致密层界面处的组织以微晶和纳米晶为主,含有少量非晶态物质;微弧氧化膜的表面层与致密层界面处的组织以非晶态物质为主;微弧氧化膜的致密层靠近表面层与致密层界面处的组织为混晶组织,主要为MgO晶粒,少量为MgAlO4晶粒,并含有少量非晶态物质。     

微米级铝颗粒热氧化特性

利用同步热分析技术,以10 K·min~(-1)的加热速率将3种微米铝粉从室温加热至1110℃,分析获得的热重-微商热重-差热分祈曲线,并通过Satava-Sestak积分法计算得到氧化反应的动力学参数及最可几机理函数;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对不同阶段的氧化产物进行观察分析。结果表明,粒径越小的铝粉,越容易被氧化,其氧化程度也越深。微米铝粉的氧化过程可分为三个阶段:阶段Ⅰ,温度低于550℃,反应非常缓慢,Al颗粒表面的无定形氧化铝层缓慢生长;阶段Ⅱ,550~670℃,氧化层由无定形氧化铝向γ-Al_2O_3转变,新形成的γ-Al_2O_3层不能在Al颗粒表面形成一个连续完整的外壳,裸露的Al与氧气接触,因此在阶段Ⅱ开始时,氧化速率迅速增大,当γ-Al_2O_3层完全覆盖Al核后,氧化速率迅速降低;阶段Ⅲ,670~1110℃,在内部熔融态Al受热体积膨胀及氧化铝由γ-Al_2O_3向α-Al_2O_3转变引起表面积收缩的共同作用下,颗粒表面氧化壳层产生裂缝或破碎,活性Al释放,氧化反应非常剧烈,最终生成稳定的α-Al_2O_3。粒径越小的Al粉,其氧化反应的表观活化能越低,反应越容易进行;3种样品的热氧化反应均符合边界控制模型函数R3:G(α)=G(α)=1-(1-α)~(1/3),温度适用范围550~1110℃。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.