HTR-PM蒸汽发生器绝热材料装配工艺研究

为解决高温气冷堆示范工程（HTR-PM）蒸汽发生器绝热材料装配问题，保证绝热材料达到设计要求的填充密度及压力，针对于蒸汽发生器不同位置进行装配工艺试验研究，通过试验测量压缩与回弹关系，得到不同压力下的保温材料填充密度。试验结果表明，热氦气侧采用毯状绝热材料，冷氦气侧采用锥形块及絮状绝热材料，可以满足设计要求的密度及压力。因此，通过本研究成功解决了蒸汽发生器绝热材料装配问题，为后续高温气冷堆项目建设提供了技术保障。     

压水堆核电站主泵的装配技术和管理

反应堆冷却剂泵（简称主泵）是核电站的关键设备。本文介绍了压水堆核电站主泵的装配结构、装配流程及装配的技术关键点,通过对装配中问题的总结分析,找出了影响主泵装配进度和质量的主要因素,并采取加强装配计划管理、合理安排组织分工、做好装配前技术准备、建立应急处理渠道等措施,有效地提高了装配质量和效率,可为其他核电项目主泵装配管理提供经验参考。      

基于BIM技术的3D作业指导书创新与应用

当前,三维数字化技术在核电领域得到了广泛应用,基于模型定义技术的推广使设备装配过程无纸化成为一种必然趋势。3DVIAComposer软件提供了一种直接利用3D模型、施工方案数据,能够方便、快捷地创建相关的2D、3D文档^[1]。以技术指标、操作要点、资源配置等为核心,以工艺流程为主线,BIM模型为载体。软件由基础数据库、编辑客户端和浏览客户端构成;基础数据由BIM模型和文档等组成,浏览客户端进行3D作业指导书三维可视化查看^[2]。在BIM技术的背景下,利用3DVIAComposer软件直接依据施工方案,通过工艺图解编制和装配动画制作,能够方便、快捷地进行三维装配作业指导书的制作,并能够将三维工艺发布到施工现场,施工班组长利用3D作业指导书进行可视化交底,指导施工现场完成设备安装。     

坚持自主创新,开创核电发展新时代

以"华龙一号"自主核电品牌为标志,通过30多年坚持不懈的创新和升级,我国核电成功走出了自主创新的路线,取得了举世瞩目的成绩。本文全面回顾了我国核电从秦山起步,始终坚持走自主创新和在引进、消化吸收的基础上进行自主研发再创新的技术发展路线,经历十余年完成自主品牌百万千瓦级三代压水堆核电技术研发;重点介绍"华龙一号"采用自主核燃料、堆芯设计及所采用的能动与非能动结合的安全设计理念,通过全面的试验验证,证明"华龙一号"技术在设计安全方面是成熟可靠的,满足IAEA关于先进核电技术最新设计安全要求,其在成熟技术和详细的试验验证基础上进行的创新设计是成熟可靠的;并提出了进一步提高核电安全性的开发研究的方向。     

浓缩铀柱形临界装置徒手装配临界安全检验

为完成徒手装配浓缩铀柱形临界装置临界安全检验实验,设计了基于薄膜装配的验证系统,以替代浓缩铀柱形临界装置上半部分结构。用MCNP程序计算了浓缩铀柱形临界装置上半部分及验证系统密合时的有效增殖因子keff。实验测得验证系统中心增殖不会超过12.50,满足徒手装配装置中心增殖限定值15的要求。实验结果表明,验证系统设计合理,徒手装配浓缩铀柱形临界装置是安全的。     

低能电子束设备与应用

低能电子束是一种先进的底层共性技术，美国、日本及欧洲发达国家从20世纪80年代开始就将该技术广泛应用于各种高科技产品的生产制造过程中。由于进口电子束设备及配套工艺和原材料的价格昂贵，严重制约了低能电子束技术在国内的推广。近年来，国内自主研发低能电子束设备技术的快速进步，降低了下游行业的进入门槛，有力推进了国内企业在新材料、新技术、新工艺上的研究，突破了行业发展瓶颈，使低能电子束及应用迎来快速发展。     

虚拟装配技术及其在中国快堆技术中的应用展望

阐述虚拟装配技术的主要研究内容和现状,指出该技术的关键内容并分别进行分析.针对中国快堆技术发展中的机械设备装配现状,分析虚拟装配技术在快堆技术中应用的重要意义,提出了该技术在快堆技术应用中的发展目标.     

“华龙一号”反应堆堆芯与安全设计研究

“华龙一号”是我国自主设计研发的具有完整知识产权的第三代百万千瓦级压水堆核电技术。本文介绍了“华龙一号”的产生历程，系统论述了“华龙一号”反应堆堆芯与安全设计特点，包括“华龙一号”研发过程中开展的堆芯核设计、热工水力设计、安全设计、设计验证及“华龙一号”持续开展的设计改进与优化等内容，通过采用新的设计理念和设计技术，全面提高了“华龙一号”作为三代核电技术的经济性、灵活性和安全性。      

“华龙一号”钢衬里全模块化施工技术

我国自主知识产权“华龙一号”核电厂钢衬里是核岛土建施工的关键组成部分,钢衬里与预应力混凝土结构共同组成核反应堆的第三道安全屏障,通过对钢衬里全模块化施工技术进行研究,对钢衬里全模块化施工的施工逻辑、模块设计、吊装工艺、安装精度控制等施工重难点进行分析,总结模块化施工技术成功应用的关键点和创新点,包括安全壳施工边界工序优化、全模块化施工的结构设计、吊装工艺设计、施工过程控制等。推动实现低碳核电“安全更好、质量更优、工期更少、成本合理”的高性价比标准化建设目标,为建安模块化施工和建安一体化工程管理格局的建立提供思路,并作为后续模块化施工技术的借鉴和复制性、指导性成果,助力“华龙一号”核电技术标准化建设及中国第三代核电产业自主化、批量化建设。     

我国的快堆技术发展和实验快堆

随着我国核电技术的发展,自主研制钠冷快中子增殖堆十分必要。本文介绍了我国在研究开发快堆技术方面的历史和实验快堆的设计原则、设计简介和安全特性。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.