摆动辗压在兵器行业的应用

根据摆动辗压的工作原理及其在中国的发展历程,介绍了国内摆动辗压的理论研究成果和工艺实践;重点叙述了摆动辗压在兵器零件生产中的应用,其中,轴向齿圈、自锻破片药形罩、药筒底板件的摆辗成形具有很高的实用价值及优势;最后讨论了摆动辗压更复杂零件、摆动辗压粉末冶金件以及提高摆动辗压件精度的发展方向。     

我国摆动辗压技术现状及展望(一)

摆动辗压是一种新的回转锻造技术,它具有节能、高效、低噪声等优点,在国内逐渐得到推广和应用.文章介绍了摆动辗压成形的工艺特征,并对其在国内的研究进展及未来发展趋势进行了阐述.     

摆动辗压在我国的发展与应用

本文从摆动辗压机、摆动辗压工艺和摆动辗压原理分析等三个方面论述了摆动辗压一些基本问题,并结合这些问题介绍了摆动辗压在我国的发展与应用。     

摆动辗压成形工艺研究现状及发展

摆动辗压作为锻造成形技术之一,具有节能、高效、低噪音等优点。该技术在国内外已经成为成形加工研究的热点,并在企业逐渐得到推广和应用。本文介绍了摆动辗压成形的工作原理、工艺特征以及摆动辗压设备及摆动辗压技术在国内外研究进展和应用现状,并对摆动辗压技术的未来发展趋势和方向进行了分析。     

我国第一次摆动辗压技术讨论会在哈尔滨召开

八月十九日至二十四日,一机部设计总院在哈尔滨市主持召开了摆动辗压技术讨论会,与全代表共二十八个单他六十八人。会议听取了八个专题发言,参观了哈尔滨汽车齿轮厂400吨摆动辗压机辗压大齿坯实况。座谈讨论了八个发言,商讨了发展摆动辗压技术的问题,研究了目前五种摆辗零件的状况,总结了我国摆辗技术发展的经验教训。会议认为摆动辗压突出的优点是无振动,无噪音,小力量干大锻件,在薄盘锻件生产方面优越性非常显著。但目前国内的摆辗工艺普     

摆动辗压成形件高度尺寸精度分析

扼要介绍了摆动辗压成形过程的工作原理及摆头运动轨迹；详细分析了摆头运动倾有（即摆角）的大小与摆头锥角不匹配和摆辗中心的偏移对摆动辗压成形件高度尺寸精度的影响，探讨了国内个摆辗机的合理应用范围，指出只有摆角较小的摆辗机才宜于净形与近似净形加工摆动辗压成形件。     

国内外摆动辗压技术的研究和发展

介绍了摆动辗压成形技术在美国、英国、波兰、前苏联、瑞士、日本和德国等工业发达国家的研制和生产概况。综述了我国科技工作者在摆动辗压机的机身设计计算与制造、摆头的设计计算、摆动辗压的运动轨迹以及摆动辗压成形过程中坯料与摆头之间的接触情况等;在摆动辗压成形过程中的应力、应变分布的实验研究与数值模拟分析,缺陷形成机理分析,以及摆辗变形力的工程计算等;热摆动辗压成形工艺、温摆辗成形工艺和冷摆辗成形工艺在汽车、摩托车、五金工具和兵器工业等加工制造业的工程应用等方面所作的成形机理、数值模拟、设备和工艺研究情况。     

扭转振动摆动辗压精密成形机理研究

介绍了扭转振动摆动辗压的工作原理和实施方法，分析了扭转振动在摆动辗压塑性成形过程中的作用机理，在对模具——工件系统进行运动分析的基础上，确定了摆辗角速度与振动频率之间的关系，建立了扭转振动摆动辗压应满足的速度条件，计算了单周期内扭转振动摆辗的成形时间、沿圆周方向的成形角位移和成形长度等工艺参数；通过本文的理论推导表明，扭转振动摆动辗压的效率与振动频率和进给速度成正比，扭转振动摆动辗压成形的成形效率比纵向振动摆动辗压成形的成形效率高。     

摆辗机的应用概况及其发展趋势

介绍了摆动辗压的基本原理及工艺特点,简述了摆辗机的结构分类,阐述了中国、英国、波兰、瑞士、日本、美国等国内外各时期典型摆动辗压机的研究状况,同时分析了摆动辗压机在国内外的应用状况,并指明了其发展趋势。     

振动摆动辗压运动学分析

建立纵向振动摆动辗压和扭转振动摆动辗压的模具与工件系统的运动关系和相应的空间运动轨迹方程。分析了各种运动轨迹在振动摆动辗压成形加工中的适用范围。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。