群智能自组织劳动分工研究进展

群智能是指众多行为简单的个体在相互作用过程中涌现产生的整体智能行为,劳动分工是其最重要特征之一.本文首先根据个体与个体、个体与环境的交互模式,给出群智能劳动分工的一个框架描述,分析其个体专职化、角色可塑性和自组织等特性.然后从自组织的角度对激发-抑制、刺激-响应、个体排序和寻觅工作等四类劳动分工模型进行对比分析,旨在归纳提炼群智能自组织劳动分工模型的构建规律.进而结合群智能自组织劳动分工的应用情况,针对其适用范围和求解思路进行了评述和讨论.最后从劳动分工机制、劳动分工模型、分配问题求解和优化问题求解四个方面展望了群智能自组织劳动分工的发展前景.     

弹道导弹和航空兵联合突击机场跑道的仿真建模方法

采用弹道导弹和航空兵对机场跑道实施联合突击是一种能够取得较好压制效果的作战运用方式.为了对整个作战过程进行客观分析,需要对其进行整体性的仿真.首先,分析了联合突击中的任务分工和交战行动过程.然后,建立了进行整体性仿真建模的框架,分析了其中的模型种类.其次,根据仿真建模框架,对其中的弹道导弹突击机场、机场跑道修复、空战、地空对抗、空地突击机场等作战过程及压制效果进行判断等,分别建立了模型算法.最后,设计了一个算例来验证仿真建模方法的有效性.     

一种区域经济形成和发展的计算机模拟方法

区域经济是一个国家经济发展的中心环节,它有助于形成地域的合理分工,进行优势互补,分工协作,进而对国民经济整体发展有巨大的推动力。该文提出了区域经济发展的理论假设,尝试建立了区域经济发展的进化模型,并利用人工智能算法初步模拟了区域经济形成和发展的整个过程。     

基于动态蚁群劳动分工模型的多AUV任务分配方法

多水下自主航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle,AUV)的动态任务分配问题具有高度非线性、动态不确定性以及多模态的特征,对多AUV任务分配方法的自组织性、鲁棒性以及快速性提出了更高的要求.动态蚁群劳动分工(dynamic ant colony''s labor division,DACLD)模型是一种采用分布式框架的群智能算法,众多行为简单的个体相互作用过程中涌现产生的整体智能行为能很好地适应复杂多变的环境,在解决任务分配问题上具有很好的柔性.引入动态蚁群劳动分工中的刺激-响应原理,建立动态蚁群劳动分工与多AUV任务分配问题之间的映射关系,将任务的状态预测纳入响应阈值,研究基于动态蚁群劳动分工模型的多AUV任务分配方法.同时,针对任务分配过程中可能出现的任务冲突现象,提出新的循环竞争方案以实现最大限度地利用AUV资源.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能高效地完成任务分配过程,具有很好的自组织性、鲁棒性及快速性.     

空战指挥系统战斗机引导动态决策模型

对于战斗机的指挥引导是空战指挥系统中关键的一环.战斗机引导包括战斗机的战场分工、多批次战斗机引导的兵力规划、引导方法的选择、实时目标分配等,在引导过程中因态势变化必须要进行动态决策.建立了战斗机多批次引导兵力投入的规划模型;提出了战斗机引导方法的动态决策方法;给出基于威胁度的目标实时分配模型.     

“团队协作,角色分工”个性化教学在课改中的探索——以网页设计与制作课程教学为例

本文介绍作者根据霍兰德职业兴趣模型建立的职业兴趣与项目角色模型,阐述在教学过程中采用的"团队协作,角色分工"个性化教学改革,并对教改的得失进行初步总结。     

VPML OOPN集成建模方法的设计与实现*

为了支持对企业业务流程进行建模和分析,辅助过程改进,提出了VPML-OOPN集成建模方法.该建模方法是利用可视化过程建模语言VPML建立企业过程模型,然后将该过程模型映射为面向对象Petri网模型.通过Petri网模型的分析和仿真,其结果可用于修正和改进模型设计.     

OEM业务的Stackelberg博弈策略与算法

随着经济全球化的发展和经济的区域化分工,OEM合作已成为一种重要的企业间生产方式。通过分析OEM业务中委托方和被委托方的决策行为及双方关系,建立OEM业务的Stackelberg博弈策略模型,并研究求解算法。首先,分析OEM业务中的委托方和被委托方各自的决策行为;进而以此为基础,建立OEM业务的Stackelberg博弈策略模型。最后,利用双层规划的对偶理论,给出求解OEM业务最优策略的一种多项式时间算法。     

基于Petri网的机电产品功能分解单元模型研究

功能分析是概念设计过程中最重要的阶段,对现有机械产品概念设计理论及方法进行了分析,提出了基于Pe试网的机电一体化产品功能分解模型.对机电一体化产品概念设计中的功能分解过程进行分析,通过基本元素和动态行为机制的定义,建立产品功能分解单元模型.以喷墨打印机为例,建立了该产品的功能分解单元模型,验证了模型的可行性.     

基于ADC模型的侦察卫星效能评估研究

以美国工业界武器系统效能咨询委员(WSEIAC)提出的ADC模型为基础,对侦察卫星系统自身特点进行分析,建立了系统ADC效能评估模型,并以此为基础,针对系统效能评估ADC模型不能反映侦察卫星侦察过程动态变化的问题,给出了解决方案,建立了动态ADC模型.在动态模型中,引入侦察卫星老化的问题并进行分析,应用泊松过程对卫星老化率进行了建模,给出了卫星老化率模型.     

Joint organisational and technical development of CIM-systems: An extension of the classic scandinavian approach

In Scandinavia theories and methods for cooperative design tools for the computer supported craftsman have been the topics for intensive research for several years. This paper widens the discussion by taking in the question of CIM and the reshaping of the division of labour, work organisation and manufacturing processes. The paper argues for an evaluation of methods and tools developed for very different aspects of integrated manufacturing.     

Can organisations afford knowledge?

Affordance Theory has been widely discussed as a potential resource for the design of interfaces for CSCW and other systems. In this paper, we discuss the extension and adaption of this concept beyond the psychology of perception to the social distribution of a common stock of knowledge. We suggest that a working division of labour as that is known, oriented to, and rendered visible by the management of space and artifacts within a working environment can afford knowledge of organisational routines and practices. Learning to see the working division of labour is coming to understand the organisation. The grounds for extending the concept in this way are derived from consideration of an actual example taken from fieldwork. Some implications for the design of CSCW systems are reviewed.     

Towards assessing the networkability of health care providers: a maturity model approach

This paper presents a networkability maturity model as an approach to assess a health care organisation’s capacity with regards to being able to efficiently engage in business relationships. Continuously rising costs and increasingly restrained budgets for health care put pressure on the public health systems. A low division of labour and integration of processes along cross-organisational patient therapy provides large potential for improvements in efficiency and efficacy. It is the aim of the presented model to enable identification of potentials for improvements and respective measures to advance the ability to benefit from specialisation and collaboration along the value chain. The presented model is developed based on a classification of related state-of-the-art in maturity models to assess individual factors of networkability which are integrated to form an overall framework comprising six components and respective factors to be assessed. As networkability maturity addresses the interrelation of strategy, organisational design and information systems design, the paper adheres to requirements for effective design science research applied to the process of construction of a networkability maturity model applicable for health care providers. It therefore concludes with a case-based evaluation according to the design research literature and identification of further research.     

The social organisation of communication in the home of the twenty-first century: an analysis of the future of paper-mail and implications for the design of electronic alternatives

This paper reports ongoing investigations into the use and role of paper-mail communications in domestic environments. It utilises ethnographically informed data to analyse how paper-mail supports various social roles within the home, particularly a division of labour whereby women tend to be largely responsible for what may be called "managing the home". Implications for the future of paper-mail are considered, as well as suggestions made about how email tools may be designed to reflect the patterns of social organisation within the home. Electronic Publication     

Contextual factors affecting task distribution in two participatory ergonomic interventions: a qualitative study

This article provides an analysis of the evolution of the division of labour in participatory ergonomics (PE) programmes in two worksites. The analysis is based on interviews and field observations in the worksites. In both settings there was meaningful participation by both worker and management members of ergonomic change teams (ECTs) in the hazard assessment and solution identification stages, but as the teams moved to the implementation stage, worker representatives were marginalised and the participatory nature of the programmes was severely curtailed. The removal of workers from the process was the outcome of the interplay among the type of activities pursued in the implementation stage, the skills and knowledge required to carry out those activities, and workers' limited influence in the organisational hierarchies. Findings highlight the salience of the social context in which participatory programmes are located and the importance of examining participatory programmes as they evolve over time. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This article contributes to a growing literature on the process and implementation of PE programmes. The article's focus on social and organisational factors that affect the division of labour and attention to the evolution of involvement over time extend current understandings of participation in ergonomics programmes.     

Simulating the Interplay Between Regional Demographic and Economic Change in Two Scenarios

This paper describes the structure and a number of results of a regional demo-economic model that was developed for NUTS 2 regions in Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. In this paper, results of two demo-economic scenarios are presented for the three countries. The model, DECORES (Demographic ECOnomic REgional Simulation) consists of five modules: population, labour market (labour supply and labour demand), economy, commuting and land use. The population and labour supply modules are based on existing models. A number of scenarios are developed. We present here a series of results of two scenarios: low and high economic growth. The main result at the national level is the finding that tensions on the labour market will rise in the short term under high economic growth because labour supply is only moderate or even zero, whereas demand will increase substantially. At the regional level large growth differentials may be observed between core, ring and peripheral regions. These developments are to a large extent the result of the effects of congestion, concentration and dispersion.     

Contextual factors affecting task distribution in two participatory ergonomic interventions: a qualitative study

This article provides an analysis of the evolution of the division of labour in participatory ergonomics (PE) programmes in two worksites. The analysis is based on interviews and field observations in the worksites. In both settings there was meaningful participation by both worker and management members of ergonomic change teams (ECTs) in the hazard assessment and solution identification stages, but as the teams moved to the implementation stage, worker representatives were marginalised and the participatory nature of the programmes was severely curtailed. The removal of workers from the process was the outcome of the interplay among the type of activities pursued in the implementation stage, the skills and knowledge required to carry out those activities, and workers’ limited influence in the organisational hierarchies. Findings highlight the salience of the social context in which participatory programmes are located and the importance of examining participatory programmes as they evolve over time.

Statement of Relevance: This article contributes to a growing literature on the process and implementation of PE programmes. The article's focus on social and organisational factors that affect the division of labour and attention to the evolution of involvement over time extend current understandings of participation in ergonomics programmes.     

LQG自校正控制器

尽管LQG控制具有很多优点,但由于计算量大,LQG 自校正控制仍未能得到成功应用。在本文,提出了一种新的 LQG 自校正控制器,它是基于最优控制理论和对象的输入输出模型设计的。该算法无需求解 Riccati 方程或进行谱因子分解,故计算量大为减小,易于实现。系统的闭环特性也在文中作了分析。     

Integrated information processing for manufacturing—from CAD/CAM to CIM

The trend to integrated information processing (CAD/ CAM) leads to some new requiements. Consistent information processing in the presparation of production and in the production process demands an efficient division of labour between man and machine, the future-oriented engineer having to be especially prepared for this. In the present paper the resulting new demands on training and education are formulated. The essential features of integrated systems of automated information processing are characterized, and fundamental problems of the complex decision findings are explained from the angle of the manufacturing engineering. The paper is concluded by examples of solutions for the fully automated preparation and execution of production.