基于声压传感器的供热管道泄漏检测

为实现对供热管道泄漏的检测,研究了基于声压传感器的供热管道泄漏检测方法。首先利用PCB公司的声压传感器和NI cDAQ搭建了实验平台,并在现场进行了泄漏检测实验;研究了长输大口径供热管道泄漏声压脉动信号特征,并对db小波、sym小波、haar小波处理含噪声管道声压信号的去噪能力进行比较。虽然在处理实验室小规模管道模型泄漏信号时db小波和sym小波取得了较好的效果,但它们无法有效滤除大口径长输供热管道泄漏信号中的噪声信号。通过对比发现,haar小波去噪方式能较好地应用于长输大口径供热管道的信号滤波中。因此,基于音波法的泄漏检测方法适用于长输大口径供热管道的泄漏检测。提出的方法对于长输大口径供热管道泄漏检测有较好的效果,在工业生产中将取得一定的经济效益。     

基于T-S模糊神经网络预测算法的管道泄漏定位研究与分析

长输管道的泄漏检测和定位对管道安全平稳运行意义极其重大,在以软件计算为主的检测方法里,模糊神经网络模型综合了模糊算法和神经网络模型的优点,能较好地适应长输管道的非线性特征。本文采用中亚地区某管道某相邻两站场的历史数据训练基于高木-关野（Takagi-Sugeno）模糊神经网络的预测模型,使用STONER管道仿真软件产生实时数据,用一种较简单的软方法较好的实现管道泄漏定位,该种方法对中亚某长输管道这类没有专门硬件泄漏检测设备和系统的管线有一定的实用意义。     

基于高低频带对数能量谱比贝叶斯决策的语音端点检测

在分析语音信号与噪声在高低频带的能量谱表现特征基础上,提出一种低信噪比条件下采用高低频带对数能量谱比贝叶斯决策的语音端点检测方法.首先根据样本计算语音信号和背景噪声在高低两个不同频带的对数能量谱比值,依据最大似然估计得到两类信号对数能量谱比的统计分布,并基于贝叶斯决策准则推导最佳判决阈值.信号输入时,逐帧计算高低频带对数能量谱比并与判决阈值进行比较来进行语音和背景噪声的分类判决,从而实现语音信号的端点检测.实验结果表明,与传统的双门限检测法和谱熵检测法相比,提出的方法在较低信噪比条件下能更加准确地检测语音端点,明显提高了端点检测的准确率和速度.     

基于长时信号功率谱变化的语音端点检测

语音端点检测是语音信号处理的基础,为了提高在低信噪比及非平稳噪声下语音端点检测的准确性,提出了一种基于长时信号功率谱变化的语音特征,利用阈值判决法验证了这一特征在语音端点检测中的应用前景。该方法首先统计信号在长时段下功率谱的变化量;然后进行阈值判决,在初始化后可依据每次的判决结果自适应更新阈值;最后通过投票决策机制来判定当前是否为语音帧。仿真结果表明,与两种经典的基于长时特征(长时段信号变化率和长时段信号谱平坦度)的语音端点检测方法相比,所提方法在不同噪声环境及信噪比下,均具有更高的检测准确率,尤其在非平稳噪声条件下的检测效果提升明显,例如在机枪噪声环境下,平均检测准确率提高超过10%。     

实现长输管道各站数据同步的技术分析

保证长输管道上各站压力信号序列的同步是应用负压波准确进行泄漏定位的基础.结合现场实例,针对专用电话线和网络传输这两种不同的数据通信方式,提出并实现了采用固定延时补偿和将变延时转化为固定延时的方法.使中心站处理的首站和末站数据同步.与常规的管道泄漏监测数据通信系统相比,采用这种技术不需要安装全球卫星定位系统,在保证系统精度的同时,降低了系统的成本.     

基于新息理论的变点检测及其在长输管道泄漏监测中的应用

在ESPRT检测方法的基础上,结合新息过程给出了一种新的变点检测方法.利用ESPRT方法检测经新息模型产生的新息过程,实现了模型参数变点的非参数检测,扩展了ESPRT方法在实际应用中的适用范围.将该方法应用于长输管道泄漏故障监测时,利用基于BP神经网络的非线性时间序列预测方法建立了管道泄漏监测系统的新息模型以及泄漏检测模型.将上述监测方法应用于实验泄漏水管道,能在线实时有效地发现泄漏.     

基于管内声波的输气管道泄漏诊断方法研究

输气管道发生泄漏后如果没有及时发现,将可能造成巨大的生命财产损失及环境污染,因此研究输气管道泄漏监测技术具有非常重要的意义.本文研究基于声波传感器的输气管道泄漏检测和定位问题,首先利用短时傅里叶变换方法找到泄漏声信号的频率特征,然后通过分析某个频段内的信号幅值来判断管道是否发生泄漏.在检测到泄漏后,利用FIR滤波器对特征频段内的声信号进行滤波,最后通过对信号包络的分析实现对泄漏的定位.基于实际管线历史数据的离线实验表明了该方法的有效性.     

输油管网泄漏检测与定位方法的研究

提出了一种新颖的基于模式识别的输油管网泄漏检测与定位的方法．该方法采集管网每个端点的压力信号，并基于模式识别的原理对管网进行泄漏检测与定位．仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性．     

输气管线负压波法最小可检测泄漏量的研究

基于输气管线的物理模型,结合负压波幅值沿管线近似指数衰减的机理提出了一种用于评估输气管线泄漏监测与定位系统性能的指标--最小可检测泄漏量的方法,同时也推导出了输气管线敏感点的数学表达式.通过实际数据仿真分析了管线的负压波衰减因数、泄漏点、仪器精度与噪声等对最小可检测泄漏量与敏感点的影响,其结果为泄漏检测与定位系统的性能指标,如灵敏度、评估能力等给出了理论指导,使得以前只能定性分析的问题,可以定量进行研究.     

长输油气管线缺陷识别软件系统设计与实现

为了充分发挥金属磁记忆技术在管道缺陷检测中的优势,解决磁记忆信号本身不能判断缺陷类型的问题,建立了一种管道缺陷识别分类方法,设计并开发了一套基于C#和MATLAB混合编程的长输油气管线缺陷识别软件系统。该软件利用MATLAB对长输管线金属磁记忆数据进行数据处理、特征量计算及方法建模等工作,利用C#搭建面向用户的操作界面,使用户能够快速准确地对长输油气管道中的腐蚀缺陷、焊缝应力集中区域、弯管应力集中区域进行识别定位并加以区分。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.