Effects of soil–pile interaction on the response of bridge pier to barge collision using energy distribution method

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the response of a girder bridge pier is evaluated by assessing the energy distributions in the barge–pier collision system. The finite-element models of two example piers of St. George Island Causeway Bridge, which have different structural and geometrical characteristics, are developed in LS-DYNA software to simulate the barge–pier collision scenarios. By comparing the energy distribution results among the barge and pier components, it is obtained that barge bow component has greater value of the internal energy contribution than pier components in the barge collision with more stiff pier. While, in the barge collision with more flexible pier, the pier components including the pier structure, piles and SSI have more internal energy contributions than the barge component. In addition, From the comparison of energy absorbed by the pier structure between the cases with and without SSI, it is found that the effect of the substructure and its relevant SSI on the response of the more flexible pier affected by the produced large deformations and relative displacements of the pier substructure, is more than that of stiff pier which displaces with semi-rigid and global deflections.     

桥梁动力弹塑性分析方法对比研究

为明确纤维模型和分离式模型在应用于桥梁抗震分析中的差异,本文利用通用有限元软件ABAQUS,采用混凝土弹塑性损伤模型,对某连续剐构桥建立了分离式模型。考虑桥墩高宽比变化,进行了罕遇地震下的弹性与弹塑性动力时程分析,并将结果与纤维模型分析的结果进行对比研究。分析表明：在弹性状态,两种模型的分析结果受桥墩高宽比影响较小,能得到较一致的解答;在弹塑性阶段,纤维模型具有更高的计算效率．但对于弯曲破坏不明显的桥梁结构其分析结果并不能反应桥墩的真实损伤情况,对于弯曲破坏显著的桥梁结构却不失为一种有效的工程分析方法;应用分离式模型进行弹塑性动力分析,能够直观地反映桥梁结构的损伤分布,是一种更为合理更为精细的弹塑性动力分析方法。     

Analysis of girder bridge pier subjected to barge collision considering the superstructure interactions: the case study of a multiple-pier bridge system

This paper aims to numerically evaluate the effects of girder bridge superstructure on the impact responses and load paths transferring the shear force of pier subjected to a moderate-energy barge collision in LS-DYNA. First, two multiple-pier systems of St. George Island Bridge in Florida which have different piers in terms of structural characteristics (such as mass and stiffness), geometry, and the height of impact location are considered as the cases of study. From the numerical barge collision simulations, different impact responses and load transferring paths from the impact location to farther zones are observed. In addition, the sensitivity of impact responses, and the impact load paths transferring shear force to the superstructure mass, stiffness, and damping are studied by developing four different models of pier-superstructure interaction and carrying out a parametric study. It is found that the increase in the value of superstructure parameters has positive effects on the impact forces and the internal stresses in the piers. However, the sensitivity of shear stresses generated at various zones of the pier extremely depends on the impact load paths transferring shear force in different piers with different relative characteristics rather than the superstructure.     

大跨度连续刚构桥的弹塑性动力时程分析

采用刚度退化三线性模型对某大跨度连续刚构桥实体工程进行了弹塑性动力时程分析,确定了桥墩塑性铰对结构抗震性能的影响,算例分析结果可为同类桥梁工程的抗震设计提供指导。     

强震崩塌岩体冲击桥墩动力响应研究

 雅(安)-泸(沽)高速公路YK136＋097西冲特大桥16#桥墩岩质边坡发育的陡倾坡外结构面与风化卸荷裂隙构成倒悬危岩体。该区属高地震烈度区(VIII度),运用非连续变形数值分析(DDA)方法,对危岩体在强震作用下的失稳模式、破坏规模、运动轨迹及对桥墩冲击的动力响应进行模拟研究。演进过程如下：强地震力作用产生放大效应,使突出山梁部位岩体首先震裂、抛掷,接续为中下部岩体沿卸荷拉裂面溃崩解体,滑体进而沿主控结构面整体滑塌、冲击桥墩。统计分析坡体及桥墩监测点位移大小和变化特征,表明桥墩上各监测点位移与地震节律呈正相关,在失稳岩块撞击及堆积岩体推挤作用下,系梁与桥墩顶端变形及永久位移较墩身其他位置大,这一过程与“5•12”汶川地震滚石冲击桥梁破坏现象吻合。在对坡体及桥墩变形量化分析基础上,依据强震触发崩塌特征提出了桥梁边坡危岩防治方案。     

Reliability analysis of girder bridge piers subjected to barge collisions

Abstract

This paper aims to probabilistically assess the multiple failure modes of the piers of St. George Island Bridge subjected to barge collisions using the correlation analyses of failure limit states at various section zones. Structural capacities and demands for internal shear forces and flexural moments are calculated using the finite element modelling software, LS-DYNA, and the reliability assessments are performed using Monte Carlo simulations against flexural and shear failures. From the results of reliability analysis, the base and impact zones for the isolated cases, and the top zone of impacted piers in the multiple-pier systems are recognized as the critical zones for localized failures of the piers. In addition, from the statistical correlation analysis, it is found that a shear failure mode is predominant on the relatively stiffer pier, a flexural failure mode on the more flexible pier in the isolated cases, and a combined shear-flexural failure mode on the response of the piers in multiple-pier systems. Moreover, from a series of sensitivity analyses of reliability indices to both shear and flexural failures by varying impact loading parameters, it is found that the shear failure is more sensitive to the impact variables rather than flexural failure.     

基于连跨效应的船撞作用下连续梁桥墩顶约束刚度分析

基于弹性分析,重点考察连续梁桥上部结构对被撞桥墩的约束作用,通过分向传播法分析连续梁桥支座横向剪切刚度、桥墩跨数、跨距、边跨桥墩抗侧刚度对被撞桥墩的影响,归纳各参数对被撞桥墩墩顶位移的影响作用。在此基础上,通过有限元软件分析苏通大桥引桥在船舶撞击力作用下上部结构对被撞桥墩的顶端约束刚度,并与理论推导出的约束刚度进行对比。研究结果表明:与悬臂墩模型相比,在相同撞击力作用下,考虑连跨效应的被撞桥墩墩顶位移减小9.94%;随着边跨桥墩抗侧刚度、跨距、支座横向剪切刚度的增大,被撞桥墩墩顶位移逐渐减小;随着跨数的减少,对被撞桥墩的约束作用越小;相邻第1跨对被撞桥墩约束的影响率在90%以上。     

考虑橡胶支座随机性下隔震与非隔震近海桥梁地震易损性对比

针对目前在隔震桥梁地震易损性分析中隔震支座性能参数随机性研究薄弱、从失效概率的角度开展隔震与非隔震桥梁对比研究缺乏的现状,详细统计分析了橡胶隔震支座力学性能参数的不确定性,建立了近海隔震与非隔震桥梁非线性动力分析模型。在考虑支座参数、地震动及桥梁结构不确定性的基础上,利用拉丁超立方抽样分别生成90个结构-地震动样本对。利用Sap2000有限元软件对每个样本对进行非线性动力时程分析,通过对大量数据的回归分析,得到桥墩、支座的易损性曲线,进而对隔震前后结构的地震易损性进行了对比分析。结果表明：在同一破坏等级相同地震作用下,非隔震桥墩的失效概率大于隔震桥墩,非隔震支座破坏的概率大于隔震橡胶支座|采用隔震技术后,桥墩发生严重破坏和倒塌的概率极低,震后可修复的概率很大|而非隔震桥墩发生严重破坏的概率最大,说明其震后可修复的概率很小而产生不可修复损伤的可能性极大。     

隔震曲线桥梁碰撞研究

目前,铅芯橡胶隔震支座已应用于曲线桥梁,由于采用铅芯橡胶支座,地震作用下梁体位移增大,相邻梁体间容易产生碰撞。国内外对于曲线桥梁碰撞的研究相对甚少,本文以一座三联曲线桥梁为研究对象,用非线性时程分析确定曲线桥梁最不利地震输入角度,在此基础上,用本文确定的最不利地震输入角度讨论了曲线桥梁梁间碰撞响应对梁及桥墩的影响。计算结果表明,曲线桥梁采用隔震支座后,可以明显消耗碰撞过程中产生的能量,碰撞对桥墩影响不大,但是瞬时的碰撞对梁轴力影响很大。     

半整体式桥台无缝化斜交桥的抗震性能分析

为了掌握半整体无缝斜交桥的动力特性和地震响应特点,采用MIDAS/Civil建立了湖州贯边桥的有限元模型,进行了动力特性分析,并运用反应谱法和地震时程法对无缝化斜交桥进行了地震响应分析。结果表明:梁端台后土对桥梁的约束作用随斜交角的增大而逐渐减弱;主梁梁端台后土的作用对桥梁结构是有利的,可以有效约束桥梁纵飘;在进行地震安全性分析时,用反应谱法所得的墩底内力和墩顶位移均大于时程分析法;在进行半整体无缝斜交桥的工程设计时,应以垂直于盖梁方向输入地震动计算固定支座所产生的墩顶位移来控制桥梁的抗震安全性;所得研究成果为半整体式桥台无缝化斜交桥的抗震设计和研究提供了可参考资料,对该桥型的实际工程应用和发展起到了推动作用。     

An investigation of water-flow pressure distribution on bridge piers under flood loading

This study simulates the flood effect on piers using a finite volume method in the ANSYS-FLUENT package. The pier is modelled as a non-structural column with a rectangular and a circular cross-section. To simplify the methodology, the pier, as well as the bed and side walls, is assumed to have non-slip boundaries for the fluid domain. A crucial feature of this investigation is the consideration of the effect of water while it is flowing around an object like a bridge pier and the distribution of pressure along the pier height. A numerical model is proposed to explore the influence of variation of velocity on the hydrodynamic force and pressure distribution exerted on piers. A significant finding is that the shape of the pier cross-section has a significant effect on the fluid pressure exerted on bridge piers under flood loading. It is noted that the AS5100 method is appropriate for a conservative estimation of the pressure on rectangular piers, whereas the technique will have a risky safety margin for bridge piers with a circular cross-section and need to be used with caution.     

大桥桥墩沉井基础维修加固施工技术

湘江某大桥桥墩及沉井基础维修加固施工中，采用了钢管打入江中作围栅，麻袋内装干拌混凝土作围堰，大型平板驳船作混凝土搅拌操作平台，水下混凝土护基通过导管灌注，在寒冷的冬期施工，工期仅为15天，加固效果显著。     

车辆撞击作用下RC桥墩动力响应

采用LS-DYNA建立了钢筋混凝土(RC)桥墩水平撞击有限元模型,简要介绍了有限元建模技术及相关参数的取值,并通过与水平撞击试验结果进行对比,验证了目前较为常用的2种混凝土本构模型和钢筋本构模型的有效性,进而验证了有限元结果的有效性,并进一步研究了桥墩在等代车辆撞击作用下的破坏机理,分析了与桥墩动力响应和损伤程度有关的影响参数。结果表明:对于水平撞击试验而言,采用MAT_SCHWER_MURRAY_CAP_MODEL(145^#)混凝土和MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC(3^#)钢筋材料模型构建的有限元模型能够更加准确地反映RC桥墩在等效车辆撞击作用下的动力特性、剪切破坏模式和损伤分布; 在等代车辆撞击作用下,混凝土的损伤累积主要集中于墩底剪切带处,而桥墩其他部位的混凝土未出现明显损伤累积; 参数分析结果表明,增大撞击质量能够显著增大撞击荷载峰值、桥墩变形和损伤程度; 提高撞击位置会使桥墩破坏模式由局部剪切破坏转变为整体弯曲(或弯剪)破坏; 在相同撞击冲量下,撞击荷载峰值、桥墩变形和耗能会随撞击速度增加而增大。     

简支梁桥横向地震反应研究

用有限元方法对简支梁桥的横向地震反应按全桥模型进行了计算分析,并与我国公路规范方法的结果进行了比较.讨论了桥长、主梁横向刚度、不同计算模型等因素对简支梁桥横向地震反应的影响.研究表明对于简支梁桥的横向抗震计算,应该采用全桥模型计算;我国现行公路及铁路抗震规范中的简化计算方法误差较大.     

连续刚构桥墩动力性能分析研究

以高速公路上1座连续刚构桥为例,分别采用等截面、变截面箱墩研究其动力性能。通过有限元程序对其进行动力特性和反应谱分析后结果表明：箱型薄壁墩自身刚度大;桥梁以桥面系振动为主;变截面高桥墩能增加连续刚构桥的稳定性;在高烈度地区采用变截面高桥墩可减弱地震响应。     

改进模态pushover法应用于高墩桥梁抗震分析

国内外尚缺乏针对高墩桥梁抗震的设计方法。介绍了模态pushover分析方法与能力谱法相结合后的改进模态pushover分析方法,并以实例进行高阶振型对高墩桥梁抗震能力的影响分析。将其计算结果与常规加载的pushover分析方法的计算结果进行比较,分析表明在高墩桥梁中不能忽略高阶振型的影响。     

薄壁高墩大跨度连续刚构弯桥的空间稳定分析

薄壁高墩连续刚构桥由于自身的力学特点.其稳定问题日显突出,目前对大跨径直线连续刚构桥的稳定性分析较多,但对高墩大跨连续刚构弯桥的稳定性没有进行系统研究。本文以弄林特大桥工程实例,利用空间有限元法对其进行稳定分析,通过分析比较,对高墩连续刚构桥的稳定性问题的理论方法进行了分析和探讨,提出了对此类桥型稳定分析的方法和建议。     

基于不同隔震体系的预制拼装桥墩桥梁结构 地震响应分析

为了研究预制拼装桥墩桥梁结构的地震响应,基于OpenSEES有限元分析软件建立墩顶隔震和墩底隔震的预制拼装桥墩连续梁桥分析模型; 通过分析桥梁模型在3组不同强度、不同特性地震动激励下的动力特性、位移、内力、残余位移、预应力筋预应力、接缝压力等参数的变化,对隔震体系的隔震效果进行评估并给出了墩底隔震桥梁的设计建议。结果表明:预制拼装桥墩连续梁桥采用墩顶隔震体系和墩底隔震体系均可以大幅减小桥梁在地震中的位移和内力,延长桥梁自振周期; 采用墩梁固接、墩底隔震的桥梁结构相比于直接采用隔震支座连接墩梁的桥梁结构具有更长的自振周期、更小的震中位移和墩顶残余位移,表现出更好的隔震效果,在大地震中墩底隔震体系隔震优势更加明显; 采用墩底隔震体系的桥梁预制拼装桥墩会有更大的预应力变化、预应力损失和接缝竖向压力,因此隔震支座也应具备更高的性能。     

LRB曲线桥震致碰撞效应的非线性分析方法

发展了一种适用于体元模拟联间轴向正面碰撞效应的束缚面型碰撞单元(Constraint-sur face Impact Element,CIE);基于柔度法给出了不同以往文献中碰撞单元刚度的计算取值,该取值不仅理论合理且在物理角度可解释其合理性.将该方法应用于广州潮汕机场航站楼高架桥的震致碰撞分析.箱梁采用壳单元模拟,伸缩缝位置设有CIE,桥墩与箱梁间设置隔震单元模拟铅芯橡胶隔振支座(Lead-rubber Bearing,LRB),采用通过试验得到的双线性刚度模型模拟其物理行为.采用非线性直接积分法进行时程分析,主要考察联间的碰撞力、LRB滞回耗能、LRB位移量、基底弯矩、剪力以及碰撞力分别对这些因素的影响.     

箱梁中的横隔板厚度对受力的影响

应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立全桥模型,在自重和汽车偏载作用下,对箱梁进行受力分析,得出横隔板对于保证箱梁受力合理起到重要作用,但墩顶横隔板厚度对箱梁受力影响并不大,横隔板厚度的变化,对箱梁的纵向抗弯和横向抗扭影响都较小,仅对墩顶的拉应力影响较大,故在满足墩顶拉应力和支座处应力集中的情况下,可以适当减小横隔板的厚度。