广义洛仑兹力的磁弹性效应

导出了广义洛仑兹力的具体表达式,建立了壳体的非线性轴对称磁弹性方程,并讨论了广义洛仑兹力对磁场和机械场共同作用下载流薄圆柱壳体的力学及电磁效应的影响．     

静磁场在材料生产过程中的应用研究评述

在材料电磁过程研究中，静磁场尤其是强磁场材料科学是当今世界的研究热点。本文从静磁场作用下生成的洛仑兹力和磁化力两个角度系统地归纳总结了静磁场技术在材料生产领域的应用原理和实践。对静磁场下的洛仑兹力，主要介绍了流体流动、波动和对流控制、电磁振动及电磁超声波等方面的研究现状；对强磁场下的磁化力，主要介绍了其在相变、结晶配向、磁悬浮、磁对流等方面的研究进展。最后对强磁场材料科学的研究趋势和发展前景做了展望。     

铝熔体中磁性杂质颗粒的电磁分离

分析了磁性杂质颗粒在电磁场中的受力情况,采用磁平衡法测量了铝熔体中两种典型富铁相杂质颗粒的磁化率,指出铝熔体中的富铁相杂质是顺磁性物质,在电磁场中受到电磁力和磁场力的驱动作用,确定其在分离器上的聚集方式．静态电磁分离试验结果表明,当磁场强度大于145mT时,电磁力起主要作用;当磁场强度小于120mT时,磁场力起主要作用．     

高频电磁力作用下金属液内电磁超声波的生成

为解决由机械振动产生的超声波无法在高温环境中成功应用的难题，提出了利用静磁场和交流电流、静磁场和交流磁场的相互作用分别在金属液内直接生成高强度电磁超声波的方法，运用超声波压力传感器对用这两种方法在金属液内生成的电磁超声波的强度进行了测量。研究表明：电磁超声波的强度与所施加的高频电磁力的强度成正比，频率与电磁力的频率相同；实验结果和理论解析结果基本一致；利用高频电磁力的局部作用在金属液全场范围内生成的电磁超声波可以在金属精炼及凝固过程中获得广泛应用。     

国外电镀文摘

9007001 铝上锌合金浸渍膜的结构——Monteiro F.J.Metal Finishing,1989,87(10):49(英文) 在铝上电镀之前进行的二次锌酸盐处理之间加上一个用50％(体积)硝酸+2％(体积)HF处理的工序可提高铝上电镀层的结合力。浸酸处理后,并不能将第一次锌酸盐处理所生成的膜完全除去,而一个薄的、含铜量高的浸锌层仍存在于铝的表面,从而促进了第二次浸锌合金膜的多相成核过程,而此第二次生成的膜由较薄的、较细的和更致密的微晶组成,因此提高了铝上电镀的结合力。 9007002 在热浸锌时化学预处理对锌的消耗的影响——Riohard P.K.Metal Finishing,1989,87(10):37(英文)     

盐雾腐蚀对铜铝/镍石墨封严涂层可磨耗行为的影响

本文通过中性盐雾试验以及电化学分析技术研究了铜铝/镍石墨封严涂层的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机制,中性盐雾腐蚀后铜铝/镍石墨显示出明显的腐蚀迹象,表面形成大量的腐蚀产物。通过对涂层的宏观形貌、显微组织、结合强度等性能进行测试分析,掌握了铜铝/镍石墨封严涂层盐雾腐蚀后的性能衰变特征。利用高速刮擦试验机模拟高压压气机叶片与封严涂层的刮擦行为,研究了喷涂态以及腐蚀态的铜铝/镍石墨封严涂层与高温合金模拟叶片试件的磨损行为。结果表明:在高速刮削条件下,喷涂态以及腐蚀态的铜铝/镍石墨封严涂层与高温合金叶片的磨损机制为涂层剥落和叶片氧化磨损机制。高温合金叶片与腐蚀态的铜铝/镍石墨封严涂层对磨后,涂层表面状态恶化,涂层更容易剥落,叶片磨损情况变化不大。     

抗点蚀铝合金的发展

<正> 一、前言铝和铝合金在氯化物溶液中,特别是在含有象铜那样的电位更正的金属离子的溶液中,对点蚀是敏感的。为了避免这个问题,曾作过各种尝试,但至今仍未能得到彻底解决。研究了各种添加元素的影响,作者已发现添加少量锌事实上可显著改善铝合金的抗点蚀性能。在这篇报告中,藉助于浸泡试验来显示锌对铝-镁和铝锰-合金的影响,并讨论这一影响与电化学极化测量之间的关系。二、试验程序     

电磁成形技术的最新进展

电磁成形是目前应用最广泛的高能率成形方法之一.综述了成形磁场力的求解方法及解决电磁成形问题的3个主要方面内容,包括磁场、磁场力及变形,阐述了电磁成形工艺的成形方法及研究现状,列举了大量的国内、外工艺应用及研究成果,介绍了电磁成形工艺的最新应用--电磁校形、粉末压实,并展望了电磁成形技术的发展前景.     

电磁胀形磁场力的有限元分析

研究电磁胀形过程中工件受到的磁压力沿长度方向和厚度方向的分布是工件变形分析的基础。采用有限元方法对电磁胀形过程中作用工件上的磁场力进行了数值模拟。在磁场特性理论分析的基础上确立了模型的边界条件，得到了磁场力沿工件长度和厚度方向的分布规律。模拟结果与测量值基本吻和。     

循环流速对磁化铜电解过程的影响

用磁场的协同作用改善Cu²⁺的扩散性能和强化铜电解的自净化过程，使阴极铜的质量提高。从离子磁性和离子水合作用的角度，进行不同流速下强磁场磁化铜电解液的实验，研究了洛伦兹力和磁场梯度力对Cu²⁺扩散性能、杂质离子浓度和阴极铜表观质量的影响，分析了垂直取向磁场和水平取向磁场强化铜电解的机理。结果表明：磁场能强化对流、减弱氢键缔合程度、降低离子水合作用、提高体系能量、促进Cu²⁺扩散性能和砷锑铋等杂质离子的沉降速度，从而提高电解液的清晰度和增强阴极铜表观质量；但是，磁场增加微气泡和溶解氧量并随着循环流速的提高而增大，使电解液表面张力增大而导致磁场的协同作用失效。在磁化铜电解过程中，存在一个提高阴极铜质量的最佳循环流速。     

Oscillation Characteristics of Levitation Force of YBCO Bulk Exposed to AC Magnetic Field above NdFeB Guideway

In the present High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicle system, the nonuniformity of the magnetic field along the movement direction above the NdFeB guideway is inevitable due to the assembly error and inhomogeneity of the material property of the NdFeB magnet. In order to investigate the influence of the nonuniformity on the levitation performance of the HTS bulk, the experiment involved an electromagnet, which is supplying AC current to simulate the nonuniformity of the external magnetic field. The levitation force of the HTS bulk is measured when applying AC current on the electromagnet coils. The results indicate that the levitation force abruptly changes and oscillates after applying AC external magnetic field. The effect of the amplitude of the AC magnetic field on the levitation force is studied; the result shows that the oscillation amplitude of the levitation force increases with the amplitude of the AC external magnetic field and is independent of the Field Cooling Height (FCH) of the bulk.     

Effect of AC Magnetic Field on the Levitation Force of YBCO Bulk above NdFeB Guideway

In the present High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicle system, the nonuniformity of the magnetic field along the movement direction above the NdFeB guideway is inevitable due to the assembly error and inhomogeneous of the material property of the NdFeB magnet. In order to investigate the influence of the nonuniformity on the levitation performance of the HTS bulk, an electromagnet supplied by AC current is used to simulate the nonuniformity of the external magnetic field. The levitation force of the HTS bulk is measured when applying AC currents to the electromagnet coils. Experimental results indicate that the levitation force changes abruptly and then oscillates after applying AC external magnetic field, and the levitation force is attenuated by the AC magnetic field after withdrawing the AC field. Moreover, the oscillation amplitude and the attenuation rate of the levitation force increase with the amplitude of the AC external magnetic field.     

Numerical Evaluation of Levitation Force Oscillation of HTS Bulk Exposed to AC Magnetic Field over NdFeB Guideway

The levitation force of the YBCO bulk over an NdFeB guideway used in the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicle system is oscillated by the application of the AC external magnetic field. In our previous work, we interpreted that the oscillation is due to the shielding current fluctuation caused by fluctuant external magnetic field. In this paper, based on the Bean model, an analytical model is adopted to evaluate the levitation force. Comparing with the experimental results, the calculated results show good matching. The model can reveal the oscillation characteristics of the levitation force of HTS bulk which is being exposed to AC external magnetic field. Therefore, the levitation force oscillation of the HTS bulk in the maglev vehicle system can be evaluated by this numerical method.     

磁流体浸没物磁场力分析及磁浮特性

物体浸没于磁流体中表现出磁浮特性，对其受力状态分析是准确描述其悬浮状态的前提和基础。基于非线性磁流体应力张量模型和稳态Bernoulli方程，建立磁流体中浸没物受力模型。借助非磁性体受力模型的简化计算方法以及磁性体与磁流体之间的多场效应关系，分别对非磁性体、磁性体两类浸没物在磁流体中所受磁浮力进行分析，结果表明非磁性浸没物在磁流体中仅受到外加磁场贡献的一次磁浮力，而磁性浸没物除受到一次磁浮力外，还受到其自身激发磁场贡献的二次磁浮力．永磁体在磁流体中位置决定的磁浮力满足一定条件时，永磁体能够自悬浮于磁流体中。     

Influence of AC External Magnetic Field on the Levitation Force Relaxation of HTS Bulk Above NdFeB Guideway

In the present High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicle system, the air gaps between the adjacent permanent magnets make the magnetic fields above the NdFeB guideway non-uniform. So one is required to study the characteristics of levitation force of the HTS bulk influenced by non-uniform fields. In this paper, we have studied the characteristics of the levitation force relaxation by an experiment in which the AC external magnetic field generated by an electromagnet is used to simulate the time-varying external magnetic field caused by the inhomogeneity of the NdFeB guideway. From the experiment results, it is found that the levitation force is attenuated with the application of the AC external magnetic field, and the decay is increased with the amplitude of the AC magnetic field, but the decay is almost independent of the frequency of the AC magnetic field.     

Correlations Between Magnetic Flux and Levitation Force of HTS Bulk Above a Permanent Magnet Guideway

In order to clarify the correlations between magnetic flux and levitation force of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk, we measured the magnetic flux density on bottom and top surfaces of a bulk superconductor while vertically moving above a permanent magnet guideway (PMG). The levitation force of the bulk superconductor was measured simultaneously. In this study, the HTS bulk was moved down and up for three times between field-cooling position and working position above the PMG, followed by a relaxation measurement of 300 s at the minimum height position. During the whole processes, the magnetic flux density and levitation force of the bulk superconductor were recorded and collected by a multipoint magnetic field measurement platform and a self-developed maglev measurement system, respectively. The magnetic flux density on the bottom surface reflected the induced field in the superconductor bulk, while on the top, it reveals the penetrated magnetic flux. The results show that the magnetic flux density and levitation force of the bulk superconductor are in direct correlation from the viewpoint of inner supercurrent. In general, this work is instructive for understanding the connection of the magnetic flux density, the inner current density and the levitation behavior of HTS bulk employed in a maglev system. Meanwhile, this magnetic flux density measurement method has enriched present experimental evaluation methods of maglev system.     

Influence of the Air Gap between Adjacent Permanent Magnets on the Performance of NdFeB Guideway for HTS Maglev System

For the permanent magnet guideway (PMG) of the high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (Maglev) vehicle system, there should be many air gaps between two adjacent permanent magnets by connecting, which may fluctuate magnetic field in the propulsion direction of the vehicle. A three-dimensional (3D) model of a PMG is built up using FLUX 3D software. The magnetic field density of an NdFeB PMG is measured and simulated by 3D and 2D models. Comparison among their results indicate that the simulation results of the 3D model agree better with the measuring results than that of the 2D model, and thus the 3D model is more suitable to describe the PMG. By the model, the influence of the air gap on the uneven of the magnetic field density in the propulsion direction is studied. It is found that the magnetic field 15 mm above the PMG is roughly even in the propulsion direction, although the magnetic field at 2 mm is not even. Since the working height 15 mm is a sensitivity parameter for the onboard high temperature superconductor (HTSC), the levitation force at working height 15 mm above PMG is measured, which indicates that the influence of the air gap on the levitation force is very small so as to be ignored in the quasi-static state.     

Decay Characteristics of Levitation Force of YBCO Bulk Exposed to AC Magnetic Field above NdFeB Guideway

The superconducting maglev vehicle is one of the most promising applications of HTS bulks. In such a system, the nonuniformity of the magnetic field along the movement direction above the NdFeB guideway is inevitable due to the assembly error and inhomogeneity of the material property of the NdFeB magnet. So it is required to study the characteristics of levitation force of the bulks affected by the non-uniform applied magnetic fields along the moving direction. In this paper, we will study the characteristics of the levitation force relaxation between the HTS bulk and the NdFeB guideway by an experiment in which AC external magnetic field generated by an electromagnet is used to simulate the time-varying external magnetic field caused by the inhomogeneity of the guideway. From the experimental results, it has found that the levitation force is decreasing with the application of the AC external magnetic field, and the decay increasing with the amplitude of the applied magnetic field and is almost independent of the frequency.     

Influence of the Vertical Inclination of Permanent Magnet Guideway on Levitation Characteristics of Hts Maglev System

In the application of high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (maglev) system under vertical inclination of permanent magnetic guideway (PMG), the component of the total weight of levitation body above the PMG will be changed. Therefore, the influence of the vertical inclination of PMG on levitation characteristics of HTS maglev system cannot be ignored, such as the levitation gap, the levitation force, guidance force and driving force of the linear motor. In order to investigate the influence of the vertical inclination angle on levitation characteristics of the HTS maglev system, a HTS maglev launch platform has been designed and fabricated for the investigation the influence of vertical inclination angle between the range of 0° and 18° on the levitation and guidance and driving force parameters of the HTS maglev launch platform. Experimental results show that the levitation gap was the main levitation characteristic for HTS maglev system under vertical inclination of PMG, which increased with increment of the vertical inclination angle. However, the levitation force, and the driving force of the linear motor decreased. The guidance force could not be influenced by the increment of levitation gap. The experimental results are helpful toward improving the running performance of the HTS Maglev launch system.