Assessing the environmental risk of coke production

The environmental risk due to atmospheric pollution from coke plants is considered, with respect to all organized and unorganized sources of emissions in the coal-preparation, coal-enrichment, coke-production, byproduct-trapping, benzene-rectification, and tar-processing shops. The chronic noncarcinogenic risk is within the acceptable limits for 30% of all the organized emission sources, high for 23.3% of the sources, and very high for 47.7% of the sources; the carcinogenic risk exceeds acceptable levels for 49.6% of sources.     

垃圾渗滤液的污染现状与防治对策

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的来源和特性及其对环境的污染现状,综述了渗滤液的各种处理工艺、实际效果及今后研究方向、发展趋势,提出了渗滤液污染防治的对策措施。     

我国路面材料潜在污染物的环境影响研究

对目前公路行业常见的路面材料进行分析,指标主要有重金属、硫化物以及芳香族化合物等。研究表明,在正常条件下,水泥混凝土路面、沥青路面均不会对环境造成影响。     

林蛙油加工副产品综合利用研究进展

中国林蛙是东北最重要的经济蛙种之一,而林蛙加工生产林蛙油后的副产物林蛙皮、林蛙卵等常常被丢弃,这是对生物资源的浪费。近年来科研人员相继开展了对这些废弃物的深加工和利用技术,从中提取了胶原蛋白、抗菌肽以及透明质酸等活性物质。就近年来林蛙油加工副产品的综合利用情况进行了总结论述,同时对相关技术的开发做出展望,以期通过对这些副产品的深加工提高经济效益和保护环境,进一步实现生物资源可持续发展。     

Functional magnetic nanoshells integrated nanosensor for trace analysis of environmental uranium contamination

Transuranic radionuclides such as uranium tend to be a pervasive environmental contaminant. It is absorbed through the intestine or a lung, deposited in the tissues, predominantly kidney and bone, and is carcinogenic. A novel nanosensor system has been developed for voltammetric tracing of environmental uranium contamination.The sensor consists of an organophosphorous ligand, (t-butylphenyl)-N,N-di-(isobutyl) carbamoylmethylphosphineoxide (CMPO) functionalized superparamagnetic core-shell magnetic nanoparticles and magnet based electrodes. It exploits the natural affinity of uranium for phosphate molecules to fabricate a highly specific and reproducible sensor. The small dimension along with a dramatically increased contact surface has lead to a faster response and higher sensitivity. The system uses an external magnetic field gradient for preconcentration and removal of the analyte from the surrounding aqueous media. The redox properties of the analyte are exploited for enumeration of variables by electrochemical techniques such as square wave voltammetry. The detection limit of the system is observed to be in parts-per-billion (ppb) of the uranyl concentration.     

A novel chemically amplified positive deep UV photoresist with significantly reduced sensitivity to environmental contamination

t-Boc protected Deep-UV transparent polymers with photoacid generators have been widely investigated as potential positive deep-UV resist systems. However, utility of these systems is seriously handicapped by environmental contaminants leading to an insoluble “surface skin” formation. Only with a specially controlled environment or by use of an “overcoat” material is the performance of these systems acceptable. We have investigated a series of t-Boc protected poly(styrene-maleimide) copolymers and poly(hydroxy styrene) polymers with onium-salts. Upon incorporation of a special class of organic additive, the surface effects inherent to these positive deep-UV systems are significantly reduced thereby avoiding any extraneous precaution of protecting the resist surface from a typical manufacturing environment. We evaluated these t-Boc polymer/onium-salt systems with different additives under a varied set of processing conditions. In addition, plausible structure-activity relationship of these additives in controlling the surface effects is presented.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解污染物研究

以10W直管紫外杀菌灯为光源，以泡沫镍基纳米TiO2为催化剂，研究了低沸点有机小分子污染物的光催化降解。以丙酮为光催化降解对象，结果表明，丙酮的降解符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood准一级动力学方程，并研究了相关因素对丙酮的光催化降解的影响。并对实验现象加以解释。实验还对类似于丙酮的低沸点有机污染物，设计了一种新颖的光催化反应器。     

Chinese Vegetable Tallow-characterization and contamination by stillingia oil

Samples of seed of the Chinese Vegetable Tallow (CVT) tree,Sapium sebiferum, obtained from trial plantings in the U.S., together with materials obtained directly from a small-scale production unit in China, have been examined. The major glycerides of the CVTs have been characterized and a wide variation in the tripalmitin and 2-oleodipalmitin levels has been observed. The contamination of CVT by stillingia oil has been examined. The major source of contamination occurs at the isolation/separation stage of CVT production. Only very low amounts of stillingia oil are actually present in the seed coat. The wider exploitation of this fat will depend upon satisfactory methods being available to ensure that estolide-type glycerides (from stillingia oil) are essentially absent from CVT.     

控释肥料对提高水稻养分利用率和削减稻田土壤环境污染的作用

结合当前我国控释肥料的研究和应用现状,介绍控释肥料在提高我国南方水稻产量和养分利用率方面的潜在优势,论述控释肥料在削减稻田环境污染中的作用,并提出了一些建议。     

Discoloration at anatase titanium dioxide surfaces by organic contamination

A major cause of vacuum discoloration of some anatase titanium dioxide powders at 5 × 10^?2 torr has been identified as contamination by rotary pump oil. The discoloration is stable in dry air but fades on exposure to moist air.     

细胞污染物浅黄假单胞菌的鉴定及处理

目的鉴定实验中导致细胞污染的病原微生物,筛选消除该类病原微生物的抗生素药物。方法收集污染细胞上清,离心沉淀后提取核酸,使用细菌鉴定用的16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增,回收产物后连接至pMD-18T载体,筛选阳性菌落测序,通过序列比对确定细胞污染物的类别,根据病原物的类别进一步筛选抗生素并摸索合适的抗生素使用浓度,以期达到消除病原物且不影响细胞正常生长的目的。结果 16S rDNA测序结果表明,细胞受到支原体和浅黄假单胞菌双重感染。抗生素处理结果表明,10μg/m L环丙沙星、10μg/m L美罗培南和10μg/m L新诺明联用可消除浅黄假单胞菌的污染,但处理后的细胞生长机能变差,需要在正常培养条件下培养并传代2次以上才会恢复正常。结论环丙沙星、美罗培南和新诺明联用能很好地消除浅黄假单胞菌对实验细胞的污染。     

Reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanut genotypes by selection and breeding

The potential for developing agronomically suitable cultivais using peanut genotypes that exhibit resistance to seed colonization by aflatoxin-producing strains ofAspergillus species is explored. Some factors found to be associated with the nature of resistance to seed colonization by the toxin-producing fungi are cell structure, cell arrangement, permeability, waxy surface, tannin content and amino acid components of the seed testae. The practical implications of developing resistant cultivars are presented in data for yield, value and seed quality for 6 advanced peanut lines that were developed by breeding and selection from crosses.     

Assessing glass-ceramic homogeneity and nucleation self-correlation by crystallization statistics

In this work, we implemented and tested a statistical method to evaluate the microstructural uniformity of partially crystallized glasses employing the aggregation index (R-index), a parameter derived from the Poisson distribution function, which has mainly been used in Ecology studies. Since the crystal nucleation rate strongly depends on the chemical composition, the spatial crystal distribution in glass-ceramics can be used to infer their chemical homogeneity. We also tested the hypothesis, advanced by some authors, of preferential secondary nucleation close to preexisting crystals (even in chemically homogeneous samples). To this end, we conducted a nearest-neighbor statistical analysis of the spatial crystal distribution in partially crystallized Li₂Si₂O₅ and Ba₅Si₈O₂₁ glasses, used as model materials, by inspecting optical micrographs obtained at different magnifications. The resultant R-indexes indicate a very high degree of homogeneity of the crystal number distribution, reflecting the uniform distribution of the chemical elements in the parent glasses. Moreover, the results for both glasses refute the suggestion that crystal nucleation is self-correlated. These outcomes allow us to suggest the R-index as a valuable and easily implemented tool to evaluate the chemical homogeneity of glasses that undergo internal nucleation, such as those used for glass-ceramics.     

运用测量系统分析方法评估测厚仪

应用测量系统分析方法,对钢丝胶帘布厚度测量系统的重复性和再现性进行分析。手提式测厚仪的R&R值>30%,此测量系统不能接受,台式测厚仪的R&R值<30%,且>10%,此测量系统可接受。结果表明,了解变差来源,经过培训的人员用改善后的台式测厚仪优于手提式测厚仪,用台式测厚仪测量钢丝胶帘布厚度能减少测量系统误差,提高产品质量。     

Assessing coal concentrate by means of an Audibert-Arnu dilatometer

The relation between the plastic-layer thickness (defined by Sapozhnikov and Bazilevich) and the expansion index (defined by Audibert and Arnu) is established. It is found that Audibert-Arnu dilatometry more precisely reflects coal quality. The change in quality of concentrates from individual enrichment enterprises is assessed for the period 2006–2008.     

分段投加PAC渠式混凝法处理城市污水

广州市区水系发达，在城区布满了汇入珠江的大小河涌16条，这些原本是泻洪和美化城市景观的重要河涌，如今由于城市的发展和污水处理的滞后，导致这些河涌都受到严重的污染，也是导致珠江水的污染。作者在调查广州朱江河段吸广州市河涌水质污染状况的基础上，在实验室模拟河涌建立了渠式混凝反应器，针对河涌污水的水质状况，对污水进行涌内处理的研究研究，结果表明，分段投加聚合氯化铝，渠式混凝沉淀，可以有铲地改善城市污水。实验采取分段加药的方式，控制污水流速在4．2L／h，CODcr的去除率比一次加药提高15％，混凝后生成的絮体体积沉淀速度比一次加药提高近2倍。     

Fertigation for minimizing environmental pollution by fertilizers

Intensification of agriculture by irrigation and enhanced use of fertilizers may generate pollution by increased levels of nutrients in underground and surface waters. Most of the irrigation is by open systems having a relatively low efficiency of water application. A higher efficiency may be gained by pressurized irrigation systems. Drip irrigation generates a restricted root system requiring frequent nutrient supply that may be satisfied by applying fertilizers in irrigation water, i.e. by fertigation. Maximization of crop yield and quality and minimization of leaching below the rooting volume may be achieved by managing fertilizers concentrations in measured quantities of irrigation water, according to crop requirements.