准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层划分

通过地震、钻井和露头三位一体的研究方法,把准噶尔盆地侏罗系划分为2个超层序（J1－2SS1、J2－3SS2）、7个层序（J1S1－J3S7）和15个体系域。第一超层序由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ层序组成,相当于中下侏罗统水西沟群,包括八道湾组,三工河组及西山窑组;第二超层序由Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ层序组成,相当于中上侏罗统的石树沟群,包括头屯河组,齐古组及喀拉扎组。介绍了各层序划分的主要依据和特征。指出Ⅲ层序底界面位于J2S^22砂层组内部,是一个油气勘探意义重大的不整合面。Ⅱ、Ⅳ层序底界面位于煤层发育段之间,煤层不能作为层序界面。     

吐哈盆地胜北凹陷浅层油气源与成藏研究

通过原油碳同位素、轻烃和油岩生标物综合对比证实,吐哈盆地胜北凹陷浅层上侏罗统喀拉扎组—下白垩统火焰山群油气主要为中下侏罗统水西沟群煤系烃源岩所生,同时一些地区混有中侏罗统七克台组湖相泥岩所形成的烃类。研究表明穿越中侏罗统七克台组—上侏罗统齐古组区域盖层的断裂是浅层油气运聚成藏的关键。不同地区浅层油气运聚时期和来源方式不同,具有"分段捕获"的成藏特征。其中红南—连木沁构造带浅层油气运聚较晚,主要来源于中侏罗统已聚集油气的再分配,为次生油气藏;而胜北构造带浅层上侏罗统喀拉扎组油气运聚较早,主要捕获了中下侏罗统水西沟群煤系早期低熟生烃产物。      

准噶尔盆地小泉沟群与仓房沟群接触关系辨正

准噶尔盆地中上三叠统小泉沟群与下伏仓房沟群之间的关系一向被认为是整合连续的。然而,大量资料证明,除盆地南部地区以外,盆地的中北部地区为一大区域分布的不整合,同时下三叠统上仓房沟群也在较大范围内缺失。由于研究思路被传统观念所束缚,该不整合的发现推迟了5年,被普遍确认和肯定则推迟了20多年。莫深1井和石莫1井的钻探使这一问题最终得以彻底解决。     

新疆三塘湖盆地二叠系油源分析

三塘湖盆地主要分布有中、下侏罗统水须沟群,中、上三叠统小泉沟群和二叠系上藉藉槽群3套生油岩.目前已在中侏罗统西山密组砂砾岩及下二叠统卡拉岗组火山岩中发现了油气流或油气显示.本文介绍了三塘湖盆地主要生油岩和二叠系原油的地球化学特征,根据原油和生油岩总体组成和分子地球化学组成特征进行油源对比,分析了二叠系原油的主要来源油源.      

准噶尔盆地南缘下组合成藏条件与大油气田勘探前景

准噶尔盆地是一个油气资源丰富的叠合含油气盆地,该盆地南缘下部成藏组合贴近准南主要烃源层--中下侏罗统煤系地层,宽缓大中型构造圈闭多,上侏罗统-下白垩统深部规模有效储集层发育,下白垩统吐谷鲁群厚层湖相泥岩及三叠系、中下侏罗统各层组内部湖湘泥岩盖层条件好。研究结果表明：该区圈闭与规模有效储集层空间发育匹配;圈闭形成时间与主生排烃期时间匹配;白垩系吐谷鲁群区域盖层与中上侏罗统储盖组合匹配,油气资源量大、发现程度低。结论认为：该区具备大油气田成藏条件,具有良好的勘探前景。     

西北地区白垩系的划分及与侏罗系的界线

本文将吐谷鲁群、克孜勒苏群、卡普沙良群、庙沟群、河口群、赤金桥组、新民堡群等及其相当岩层划归下白垩统;将艾里克湖组、东沟组、巴什基奇克组、苏巴什组、金刚泉群、马连沟群、民和组等及其相当岩层划归上白垩统。侏罗、白垩系的分界,以划在喀拉扎组与吐谷鲁群之间,苦水峡组与河口群之间,红水沟群与犬牙沟群之间,万秀群与东河群之间较宜。     

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文章采用油气系统分析方法,从生、储、盖、圈,成藏等方面对焉耆盆地的油气成藏条件及富集规律进行了研究,从有机质类型,丰度及热演化程度三方面对烃源岩进行评价,认为下侏罗统八道湾组泥质岩是好生油岩,中侏罗统西山窑组为中等生油岩,而中上三叠统小泉沟群为较差生油岩;油源对比结果表明;八道湾组地层是盆地内的主力油源层,三工河组为主要含油气层段,中下侏罗统地层中发育的暗色泥岩是良好的盖尼,它们具有良好的油气生,储,盖,圈配置关系,根据圈闭成因分类法,可将盆地内油气藏划分为7种类型：（1）砂岩上倾尖灭油气藏;（2）断鼻油气藏;（3）断块油气藏;（4）地层油气藏;（5）砂岩透镜体油气藏;（6）断层一岩性油气藏;（7）背斜油气藏,提出焉耆盆地的油气成藏规律为燕山期,喜山期两期生油,两次运移积聚成藏,燕山期形成的油气藏于喜山期发生再调整分配,最终定型。     

阿根廷圣豪尔赫盆地油气成藏特征及有利区预测

圣豪尔赫盆地是阿根廷重要的产油气盆地之一,其演化经历了4个阶段,形成三叠纪—早白垩世裂谷和早白垩世—新生代坳陷双层结构。从区域构造沉积演化入手,结合最新钻井资料,对盆地油气成藏特征及控制因素分析后指出,烃源岩主要为上侏罗统—下白垩统Neocomian群和下白垩统D-129组湖相页岩;主要储层为白垩系Chubut群砂岩;Chubut群内的湖相泥页岩构成最重要的盖层;断、拗以及安第斯造山运动形成了丰富的圈闭类型。成熟烃源岩的分布与断裂体系控制油气的富集;河流相砂体控制油气藏规模;油气主要围绕盆地中心呈环带状分布。在此基础上,预测了白垩系Chubut群上部砂岩、白垩系D-129组与上侏罗统—下白垩统Neocomian群的勘探有利区。     

准噶尔盆地石莫1井中生代孢粉组合及其地层意义

为解决准噶尔盆地石莫地区井下地层划分以及与周边地区地层对比问题,对石莫1井中生界孢粉化石进行了系统研究。所见孢粉化石共计98 属195种,建立了5个孢粉组合,依次为Concavissimisporites-Classopollis-Rugubivesiculites组合,对应下白垩统清水河组;Cyathidites-Cerebropollenites-Piceaepollenites组合,对应下—中侏罗统三工河组;Osmundacidites-Cycadopites-Protoconiferus组合,对应下侏罗统八道湾组;Dictyophyllidites-Aratrisporites-Alisporites组合,对应上三叠统白碱滩组至下侏罗统八道湾组下部;Punctatisporites-Converrucosisporites xinjiangensis-Parataeniaesporites pseudostriatus组合,对应中—上三叠统克拉玛依组。其组合特征可分别与准噶尔盆地南缘清水河组、三工河组、八道湾组、黄山街组和郝家沟组、克拉玛依组孢粉组合对比。孢粉化石资料表明,该井区侏罗系发育不全,缺失头屯河组、齐古组和喀拉扎组;三工河组的时代为早侏罗世晚期—中侏罗世早期,中侏罗统与下侏罗统的界线应划在三工河组下段与上段之间;八道湾组底部时代为晚三叠世,三叠系与侏罗系的界线应划在八道湾组下部。     

刚果盆地含油气特征

在分析刚果盆地地层层序、构造特征的基础上,重点对该盆地油气成藏条件、成藏模式、主控因素进行了研究。刚果盆地是在新元古代Kilaran造山运动之后由于可移动基底的热事件和重新活动而形成的坳陷盆地。刚果盆地内发育多套具有生烃潜力的地层单元,其中生烃潜力最好的为志留系—泥盆系Aruwimi群Alolo组页岩。盆地内发育中元古界叠层石礁灰岩,寒武系—奥陶系Bobwamboli群砾岩与砂砾岩,志留系—泥盆系Aruwimi群Mamungi组、Galamboge组、Banalia Ark组砂岩,上石炭统—下侏罗统下Lukuga群、上Lukuga群、Haute Leuki群砂岩与砂砾岩,上侏罗统—下白垩统Stanley Ville群三角洲和河道砂,中白垩统Loia组河流—浅湖相席状砂体等多套储层。同裂谷期盖层横向延伸局限,物性特征变化快,一般为局部盖层,而后裂谷期盖层一般为区域性盖层。保存条件是油气成藏的主控因素。     

STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE CROATIAN PART OF THE ADRIATIC BASIN

Coastal parts of Croatia are dominated by the SW‐verging Dinaric foldbelt, to the west and SW of which is the Adriatic Basin (the stable foreland). In both areas, the stratigraphic column is dominated by a thick carbonate succession ranging from Carboniferous to Miocene. Four megasequences have been identified: (i) a pre‐platform succession ranging in age from Late Carboniferous (Middle Pennsylvanian: Moscovian) to Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian; Bru?ane and Ba?ke Ostarije Formations); (ii) an Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous platform megasequence (Mali Alan Formation); (iii) a Paleogene to Neogene post‐platform megasequence (Ra?a Formation); and (iv) a Neogene to Quaternary (Pliocene to Holocene) megasequence (Istra and Ivana Formations). A number of organic‐rich intervals with source rock potential have been identified on‐ and offshore Croatia: Middle and Upper Carboniferous, Upper Permian, Lower and Middle Triassic, Lower and Upper Jurassic, Lower and Upper Cretaceous, Eocene, and Pliocene – Pleistocene. Traps and potential plays have been identified from seismic data in the Dinaric belt and adjacent foreland. Evaporites of Permian, Triassic and Neogene (Messinian) ages form potential regional seals, and carbonates with secondary porosity form potential reservoirs. Oil and gas shows in wells in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Basin have been recorded but no oil accumulations of commercial value have yet been discovered. In the northern Adriatic offshore Croatia, Pliocene hemi‐pelagic marlstones and shales include source rocks which produce commercial volumes of biogenic gas. The gas is reservoired in unconsolidated sands of the Pleistocene Ivana Formation.     

叠合盆地的热演化史与油气生成——以吐鲁番-哈密盆地南部构造带为例

叠合盆地演化的长期性和构造作用的多阶段性,造成盆地内多套烃源岩发育和多阶段的热演化作用,以及油气生成的复杂性。吐鲁番-哈密盆地南部构造带的研究表明,自晚古生代以来,该地区遭受多期次的构造作用与改造。构造热体制和热演化经历了5个不同的阶段,即石炭-早二叠世为伸展裂谷、快速埋藏与超高温阶段,中二叠世为裂谷后凹陷、较快速埋藏与高温阶段;晚二叠世至三叠纪为克拉通内凹陷、稳定沉降与较高温阶段;侏罗纪至白垩纪为广覆式坳陷、稳定沉降与较低温阶段;新生代为挤压造山、较快速沉降与低温阶段。不同地区不同层位的烃源岩具有不同的有机质成熟演化史。台南凹陷二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩和托克逊凹陷中上三叠统小泉沟组烃源岩均具有两次油气生成过程。由于埋藏史和油气生成史的不同,台南凹陷和托克逊凹陷油气藏类型和油气性质出现明显差异。     

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随着21世纪的到来,国家大力发展天然气工业,四川盆地将面临勘探领域和接替层系的选择。笔者通过分析勘探成果与待发现资源潜力、成藏地质条件与储备圈闭,结合“八五”、“九五”科技攻关成果,提出了具备大中型气田条件的七个主要地区和层系,川东石炭系、下三叠统飞仙关组;川西北侏罗系、中上三叠统;川中中、上三叠统;川西南晨旦系;川南、川西南下二叠统。指出了21世纪初叶具有发展远景的五大勘探领域;（1）盆地东部石炭系;（2）盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关鲕粒滩岩;（3）盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组陆棚边缘礁相带;（4）盆地中西部上三叠统和侏罗系浅气层;（5）盆地晨旦系及下古生界。认为21世纪初叶四川盆地天然气资源潜力大、勘探领域广阔、勘探前景看好。     

准噶尔盆地油气富集规律

准噶尔盆地是一个"满盆"含油、全层系多层组含油、油气资源丰富的大型沉积盆地.它是在前寒武系结晶基底与前石炭系褶皱基底基础上,经历了晚石炭世-中三叠世前陆盆地阶段、晚三叠世-中侏罗世早期(J₂x)弱伸展拗陷盆地阶段、中侏罗世晚期(J₂t)-白垩纪压扭盆地阶段与新生代前陆盆地阶段的演化历史.4个构造发展阶段不同类型的原型盆地的叠合,形成了南厚北浅的楔形地质结构,决定了油气聚集的基本面貌;不同时期、不同性质的古隆起纵横叠置,制约着相应地质时期油气运聚的基本格局.在垂向上,以上三叠统白碱滩组泥岩、下白垩统吐谷鲁群泥岩与广泛分布的异常压力封隔层为界可将盆地划分为C-T₂,T₃-J₁s,J₂-K₁与K₂-N-4个各具特色的成藏区间;油气沿断裂的垂向运移与异常高压流体系统的幕式突破,导致了以垂向运移为主导的运聚模式,多源、多期油气混合成藏.现有油气田的分布及勘探趋势表明4个NNE向基底断裂带为油气优势运移通道,沿着它们形成了4个油气富集的黄金带.这些基底断裂与盖层断裂之间的耦合方式是制约形成油气田及导致含油气丰度差异的关键条件.准噶尔盆地侏罗系-白垩系与二叠系-三叠系分别发育"远源、缓坡、次生"与"近源、陡坡、原生"两种典型的断裂-岩性体油气藏类型,断裂与岩性体(砂体、砂砾岩、砾岩体等)的有机组合部位是油气富集的主要场所.侏罗系-白垩系的油气主要富集在NE、NEE向压扭性构造带上,它们是腹部地区下一步勘探的主要方向.     

GEOCHEMICAL CORRELATION OF OILS AND SOURCE ROCKS FROM CENTRAL AND NE SYRIA

Eighteen crude oils and seven source rock samples from the Mesopotamian foredeep, NE Syria, and from the NE Palmyrides in the centre of the country have been characterized by geochemical techniques. The presence of two oil families ("A" and "B") generated by different source rock types of different ages has been established on the basis of biomarker and carbon isotopic analyses. The data indicates that Groups A and B oils were generated by marine clastic and marine carbonate-evaporitic source rocks, respectively. Group A oils, occurring in Middle Triassic, Middle Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous reservoir rocks in the NE Palmyride area, are geochemically similar to extracts from the Lower Triassic Amanus Shale Formation. Group B oils, which are present in Middle Triassic, Middle Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous reservoirs in the Mesopotamian foredeep, are geochemically similar to extracts of the Middle Triassic Kurra Chine Dolomite and Upper Cretaceous Shiranish Formations.     

准噶尔盆地南缘前陆褶皱冲断带构造滑脱层厘定

准噶尔盆地南缘前陆褶皱冲断带位于天山造山带北侧,经历了多期构造演化的叠加,形成了不同类型的构造滑脱层。构造滑脱层的存在不仅是制约该区盖层滑脱型构造样式形成演化的关键因素,而且也是造成深层与浅层构造不协调的主要原因。通过大量地表露头的观察和地震资料的解释,系统识别和厘定了中二叠统芦草沟组和红雁池组、下侏罗统八道湾组、中侏罗统西山窑组、白垩系吐谷鲁群、古近系安集海河组和新近系塔西河组等共6个与大套泥岩、膏泥岩和煤系地层相关的主要构造滑脱层。不同地区往往发育有一个或多个构造滑脱层,层位上具有自东向西逐渐变新的趋势。构造滑脱层的识别和厘定对该区构造建模和准确落实地下含油气构造具有重要意义。      

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

The Permain to Holocene sediments of the United Arab Emirates consist mainly of epeiric shelf carbonates, associated with minor clastics and evaporites, reflecting major cycles of transgression and regression. These were deposited on the eastern margin of the Arabian Sheild, which lay along the southern margin of the Tethys Ocean during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic eras. Sedimentation patterns were controlled by prominent regional structural features, epeirogenic movements and/or sea-level fluctuations.
The tectonic history of the UAE in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic is connected with the opening (Triassic) and closure (Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene) of the southern Neo-Tethys Ocean.
The distinctive structural style, together with the tripartite development of source-reservoir-seal, has produced in the UAE one of the world's richest Jurassic - Cretaceous oil habitats. Significant oil discoveries have also been made in the Permian; Middle and Upper Jurassic; Lower-Middle-Upper Cretaceous and Oligo-Miocene carbonates.
Two main source rocks have been identified. One is the Upper Jurassic Diyab/Dukhan Formation, which supplies the most prolific reservoirs in the Upper Jurassic (Arab Formation) and Lower Cretaceous (Thamama Group). The other is the Middle Cretaceous Shilaif/Khatiyah Formation, which feeds both Mishrif and Simsima reservoirs. Other minor potential source rocks have also been identified in the study area.
There are two principal sealing formations - the Hith Anhydrite and the Nahr Umr shale; these are the main seals for the oil and gas accumulations in the underlying Arab Formation and Thamama Group, respectively. Secondary seals and barriers also exist in the stratigraphic sequence.     

THE MESOZOIC SEQUENCE IN SOUTH-WEST IRAN AND ADJACENT AREAS

New outcrop and subsurface data from SW Iran have permitted a review of the stratigraphy of the area to the SW of the Zagros Crush Zone and a comparison with neighbouing areas. The Triassic sequence consists mainly of an evaporite and dolomite sequence in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf which is the extension of the evaporite basin of Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Towards the high Zagros in the northeast, the evaporites are replaced by dolomites. Two unconformities are found at the base and top of the Triassic. The Jurassic in Fars and eastern Khuzestan consists of an argillaceous interval representing early Liassic time, overlain by a thick development of neritic carbonates of early to late Jurassic age. An evaporite unit developed in the upper Jurassic is present in coastal/subcoastal areas of Fars and eastern Khuzestan and is the north-eastwards extension of Hith Anhydrite of Saudi Arabia. The end of the Jurassic was marked by uplift and erosion, giving rise to an unconformity over a large area. In western Khuzestan and Lurestan, the Lower Jurassic is a sequence of alternating evaporites and dolomites. The Middle Jurassic is represented by deeper water bituminous shales and argillaceous limestones of the Sargelu Formation, which is cut by a regional unconformity in this area. The Upper Jurassic is represented by the evaporites of the Gotnia Formation which is terminated by the possible Upper Jurassic unconformity. The Jurassic sequence of this area can be correlated well with that of eastern Iraq. In the high Zagros area to the south of the Crush Zone, the Jurassic consists of a thick development of shelf carbonates with no evaporites. The Cretaceous System in SW Iran is divided into Lower (Neocomian-Aptian), Middle (Albian-Turonian) and Upper (Coniacian-Maastrichtian). The Lower Cretaceous is mainly made up of two shelf carbonate unit separated by shales in Fars and eastern Khuzestan. Towards Lurestan, the carbonates pass into deeper water black shales and limestones with radiolaria. The top of the Lower Cretaceous is marked by a regional unconformity in Fars and the Persian Gulf area. The Middle Cretaceous began with a transgression forming the shales and limestones of the Kazhdumi Formation which was followed by a shallowing of the sea and the deposition of Cenomanian and Turonian shelf carbonates over the entire area of Fars and Khuzestan. The Lurestan basin retreated northwards and northwestwards and covered only central Lurestan during Albian- Turonian time, with the deposition of dark grey to black shales and pelagic limestones of the Garau and the Oligostegina bearing limestones of the Sarvak Formation. At least two pronounced regional unconformities have been recognized, between the Cenomanian and Turonian and between the Turonian and Coniacian. The Upper Cretaceous is represented by limestones at the base and a transgressive shale unit at the top, which is terminated by a regional unconformity at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Isopach and lithofacies maps of various units and correlations of outcrop and subsurface sections indicate several important unconformities and facies changes in SW Iran during the course of the Mesozoic. The general stratigraphy of the region shows similarities to the Mesozoic sequence of Iraq and Saudi Arabia, with a gradual facies change from carbonates to sandstone towards Saudi Arabia. This change is most evident in the Upper Triassic and in the Barremian-Cenomanian. The Upper Cretaceous sequence of SW Iran changes from mainly argillaceous sediments of deeper marine environment into carbonates of shallow water origin towards Saudi Arabia. The correlation of the Mesozoic sequence of SW Iran with those to the northeast of the Zagros Crush Zone indicates a rather abrupt change from the Upper Triassic onwards.     

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??The Wunansha Uplift in the south of Yellow Sea is situated in the part of lower Yangzi Platform east extending to the sea. The thickness of Paleozoic and Middle-Lower Triassic is 4??6km. Middle Jarassic-Cretaceous were absent in most areas and Upper Tertiary directly covered them. The Qixia Formation Limestone of Lower Permian and the Longtan Formation Coal-series of Upper Permian are the source rocks and form a good source-reservoir-caprock association with Qinglong Formation Limestone of Lower Triassic. There are 35 structural traps under the Tertiary unconformity in this region and the total area of them is up to 624.7km². This is a new field worthy to pay more attention to survey oil and gas.