本钢南芬露天铁矿局部边坡滑体产生的原因浅析

本钢南芬露天铁矿产生大规模边坡滑体,威胁了矿山采场生产人员和设备的安全,极大地影响了矿山的正常生产,保成了本钢南芬露天铁矿新一轮的边坡稳定性研究,本文正是在这一背景下,对本钢南芬露天铁矿的地质概况、生产概况和边坡滑体产生的现状进行了浅要介绍,然后通过对局部边坡岩体的岩性、构造、岩层产状等的地质调查和岩移监测结果分析,得出影响露天矿边坡稳定,并产生边坡滑体的主要原因是：岩体的岩性及结构特征、爆破震动、雨水渗透和生产中的人为因素。最后提出露天矿边坡稳定研究的防治工作的几点建议：建立边坡稳定技术研究机构和专职边坡施工维护队伍、防水排水、加固整治、岩移监测和控制爆破。     

露天矿山小型滑体处理及其技术探讨

针对某露天矿山采场下盘固定公路边坡上突然出现的小型滑体,该矿山采矿技术管理人员立即采取封路警戒、滑体位移监测和监测数据分析等安全措施,而后研究制定滑体的技术处理方案—液压破碎锤破碎岩体、挖掘机铲装—汽车运输和挖掘机甩方作业形成块体护坡等工序。该方案成功实施后,滑体区域的边坡排除了安全隐患。又经两个月的边坡位移监测,确定处理后的滑体区域边坡安全稳定。该矿山对小型滑体的处理技术和经验值得推广应用。     

锦丰金矿露天矿边坡监测及滑坡预报

通过边坡日常巡查和对露天矿边坡进行动态、实时、连续自动监测,运用国内外滑坡动态预报的理论和方法,在滑坡地点、滑体形态与规模及滑坡发生时间三方面成功预报了2015年5月24日露天南部边坡多台阶滑坡。因在边坡滑坡前撤出了影响范围内所有的人员与设备,避免了人员伤亡、设备损坏,同时减少了滑坡对露天采坑排水、井下开采在露天采坑排渣作业的不利影响,对其他露天矿山边坡的安全管理具有重要的指导意义。     

基于现场声发射监测井下爆破对于露天边坡稳定性影响分析

金属矿山经过长时间的露天开采后,在逐步转为地下开采时,矿山将面临露天矿坑的挂帮矿开采与地下开采同时进行的局面,而地下开采时的爆破震动所产生的动载对于露天边坡的稳定性影响十分重大。以杏山铁矿露天转地下开采为工程背景,应用现场声发射的监测方法,监测每次爆破时的能量大小以及信号的传播规律,通过FLAC3D软件进行数值模拟分析爆破震动对于露天边坡稳定性的影响。监测结果及分析可为杏山铁矿安全生产提供参考。     

高陡边坡多源监测预警信息一体化平台研究

本文针对露天矿高陡边坡安全监测预警问题,通过开展多源监测信息采集和融合、云数据存储与边坡稳定性分析、三维建模、综合预警等关键技术研究,建立了一套多源监测预警信息一体化平台,研究开发边坡多源监测数据采集模块、基于神经网络的信息融合与卡尔曼补偿模块以及边坡稳定性处理、分析与综合预警模块,并基于VRGIS技术开发三维展示模块,最后利用该平台对南芬露天铁矿滑坡进行长期监测预警,实验证明平台处理边坡监测信息及时有效,能够实现高陡边坡全过程的智能化监测监控及灾害预警。     

蒙库铁矿露天矿山边坡稳定性监测

介绍了蒙库铁矿生产现状及基本地质特征,简要分析了露天边坡的特点。针对蒙库铁矿露天边坡的现状制定了边坡稳定性监测的方案,为矿山正常生产提供了必要的安全保证。     

预裂爆破技术在南芬露天铁矿的应用

介绍了预裂爆破技术在本钢南芬露天铁矿的应用,它不仅可以大幅度降低爆破震动,而且极大地增强了边坡的稳定性,为矿山安全生产奠定坚实的基础。同时,南芬露天铁矿通过大量的预裂爆破生产实践,总结出一套预裂爆破设计参数,装药结构,这对其它露天矿山及类似工程的预裂爆破具有一定参考价值。     

兰尖铁矿露天采场边坡稳定性研究

以兰尖铁矿露天转地下开采为工程背景,针对尖包包矿区露天采场边坡稳定性问题,利用简化Bishop法,对露天采场的边坡稳定性进行分析。通过数值模拟分析,得出选取的典型边坡剖面的安全系数,并确定边坡最危险滑裂面的位置。研究结果表明,兰尖铁矿尖包包矿区露天采场的边坡是稳定的。     

南芬露天铁矿冯家东沟排土场滑坡稳定性分析

排土场的稳定性是影响露天矿安全生产的重要因素,排土场的稳定性日益成为露天矿山最为关注的问题之一。在南芬露天铁矿,冯家东沟排土场是一高台阶的排土场,以前发生过滑坡和泥石流事件,因此,对其影响排土场边坡稳定性的各种因素和工程地质条件进行了调查并采用极限平衡理论中Sarma分析方法,对冯家东沟排土场边坡的稳定性进行了系统研究,主要对冯家东沟目前情况下,可能产生浅层滑坡、深层滑坡、沿原始坡面滑坡及基层岩体滑动等各种可能发生的破坏进行了系统地分析,得出了当排水疏干工作比较完善时,边坡不会产生沿原始坡面的整体性滑坡。然而,边坡内富集了地下水时,整体滑坡也有可能形成;按目前的边坡赋存条件,边坡不可能产生在基岩内部的滑动的结论。     

测量机器人地表位移监测系统在露天矿边坡监测的应用

露天边坡的稳定是露天矿山安全高效开采的关键因素。穆利亚希北露天矿在生产过程中,多处边坡发生不同程度塌方,对生产造成了较大影响。采用测量机器人地表位移监测系统对露天矿边坡进行监测,通过合理布设机器人和棱镜位置,设定监测频率及安全预警阈值,实现露天矿边坡的全方位监测,对矿产资源的安全、高效、可持续开采具有重要意义。     

Using TDR Cables and GPS for Landslide Monitoring in High Mountain Area

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is performed as a complement to the monitoring methods in subsurface deformation in slope together with the global positioning system (GPS) to monitor ground deformation of high-altitude landslides in Li-shan. Four TDR cables were installed in drill holes near the monitoring stations in the landslide area. According to the recorded TDR waveforms, there were shear and tensile zones under the B-5, B-9, C-1, and C-2 stations. A comparison of the TDR waveforms with the monitored data and boring log revealed that the subsurface sliding occurred between layers of colluvium and strongly weathered slate. Three GPS receivers were installed to measure ground displacement in the landslide area. The results from the GPS were compared with the surface extensometers data on-site. The two initial baseline lengths were 451,188.10 and 908,212.4?mm, respectively. The optimal data reduction achieved used a 3?h session with moving average for each hour’s GPS data. The standard deviation values of the GPS were 2.16 and 2.44?mm, respectively, on-site. The results of TDR and GPS measurements showed their applicability in the deformation monitoring of high-mountain landslides.     

Inclinometer Monitoring of the Castelrotto Landslide in Italy

Over the last decades the real-time displacement monitoring systems have been increasingly used for assessing the risk conditions due to landslide movements and for managing the early-warning systems. Any decision about safety actions is therefore based upon the data provided by the instrumentation. The purpose of this work is to suggest how in-place inclinometers may be combined with periodical measurements by using a mobile probe in order to evaluate the current movement of a landslide and to assess the reliability of data. The monitoring system installed at the landslide of Castelrotto (northern Italy) is described, giving some details on the instrumentation and the data collected so far. A local quadratic trend model is developed to estimate the kinematic characteristics of the movement, and a statistical procedure for comparing real-time data with periodical measures is given to assess the reliability of data. This analysis shows how the direction of the displacement may be used as an indicator of reliability.     

广西龙胜县某滑坡稳定性分析与治理研究

根据龙胜县某滑坡勘察、设计资料为基础,结合现场调查,对滑坡地质环境、滑动原因及稳定性进行综合分析。根据现场地貌形态的特征、滑坡变形形态、结构面等分析,推断出滑坡的滑动面,选取三条典型的滑动剖面,计算出滑坡典型断面稳定系数。提出采用预应力锚索、抗滑桩、挡土墙相结合的防治方案,具有较高的实践和理论意义。治理后经监测,滑坡处于稳定状态,表明该滑坡采用综合处治技术完全达到了预期效果,治理效果良好。     

工程地质勘查中滑坡的识别及其防治策略

滑坡是一种严重的地质灾害,在滑坡识别和防治的过程中,首先应该对于滑坡的形成机制进行分析,要结合滑坡的形态特征等实际情况采用合理有效的防治措施,这样得出的方法会更有利于提升滑坡治理的水平。对此,介绍了滑坡的形态特征和滑坡形成的原因,对工程地质勘查中滑坡的识别及其防治策略进行了简要的分析。     

全自动位移监测系统在南芬露天矿的应用

随着多年的采掘,在南芬露天矿底盘形成300多米高的边坡,多次发生滑坡,严重影响滑体下方开采,为了能对下方开采及时预警,需对滑体位移实时采集,因此南芬露天矿组建了全自动位移监测系统。此监测系统由TCA2003全站仪、监测分析软件GEOMOS、计算机及专用通讯供电电缆构成。自动完成测量周期、实时评价测量成果、实时显示变形趋势等智能化的功能合为一体,可24h不间断对监测目标实时测量。测量结果显示在时间—位移图上,据此可以判断出监测对象的变化趋势,发出预警信息,指导生产。     

GNSS技术在滑坡应急变形监测中的应用

通过对某矿山选矿厂附近山体滑坡应急变形监测的实例分析,简要介绍了GNSS技术在滑坡变形监测应用中的方法、监测周期及监测点的位置选定;通过对监测数据进行处理及简要分析,对所生成的位移变化曲线图进行解读,得出了该山体稳定、没有明显趋向性位移的结论,为宿营区安全性评估提供了依据。该文体现出GNSS技术在变形监测实际应用中的价值与优势,为类似滑坡应急变形监测作业案例提供参考。     

北岭村后组滑坡稳定性分析

本文以洛阳市嵩县木植街乡北岭村后组滑坡为研究对象,对其基本情况进行了介绍。在地形条件、地层岩性特征和降雨入渗等方面分析了其形成机制;利用相关公式计算了滑坡稳定性系数和剩余下滑推力,分析了滑坡在自重、自重+暴雨、自重+地震三种工况下的稳定性;建议采取治理措施,加固滑坡的抗滑能力,加强监测,防止出现滑坡失稳、造成人员伤亡及房屋毁坏的事故发生。     

Landslide Hazard Evaluation: The Landslide Hazard Curves

This paper presents an innovative, practical methodology to establish priorities for slope monitoring and the planning of stabilization works in large hilly areas. The study is based on the analysis of geological and geomorphological maps, identification of catchment areas, and the division of catchment areas into primary (with main stream) and secondary (without main stream) sub-basins. Attention was focused on secondary sub-basins and their characteristics: lithology; an ad hoc parameter q (related to the average rainfall, the size of the basin, and the width of the toe section), and the average slope inclination i. The technique presented enables the “landslide hazard curve,” unique for a given formation in homogenous areas with similar rainfall conditions and seismicity, to be drawn in a chart which features q and i. All the ascertained and assumed unstable areas represented in the chart are located above the landslide hazard curve.?The study was carried out scientifically by taking into account engineering aspects (geological, geomorphological, hydrological, and geotechnical), which influence slope stability. Groundwater levels, important in mapping out landslide prone areas, were considered in the study by means of the parameter q.     

西部地区多级滑坡形成机理分析及防治技术探讨

主要对西部地区多级滑坡的特点、形成因素等展开分析,同时结合青海省循化县尕楞乡格让沟、洛永沟的一起多级滑坡事件进行分析,并针对多级滑坡的的治理原则、滑坡勘查技术、监测技术以及防治技术的方法与要点进行讨论。为西部地区的多发滑坡灾害的监测与预防提供切实可行的参考方向。     

Knowledge-Based Landslide Susceptibility Zonation System

The landslide susceptibility of a region is important for socioeconomic considerations and engineering applications. Thus, an automated system for mapping of landslide susceptibility could be of significant benefit for society. In this paper, a knowledge-based landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) system has been proposed. The system consists of input, understanding, expert, and output modules. The input module accepts thematic images of contributing factors for landslides. The understanding module interprets input images to extract relevant information as required by the expert module. The expert module consists of knowledge base and inference strategy to categorize a region into different landslide intensities. Finally the output module provides a LSZ map. It is a pixel-based system and provides output having the scale same as that of the input maps. The system has been tested to prepare a landslide susceptibility map for the Tehri-Garhwal region in India’s lower Himalayas, and further validated with studies for two other different regions. The proposed system provides output commensurate with that provided by experts. The categories of hazard zones have a discrepancy as little as 6.2% in high hazard zones and near to 1.5% and 4% in moderate and low hazard zones, respectively. The high hazard zones in the LSZ maps from the proposed system are supersets of that obtained by experts (i.e., the proposed system provides safer LSZ map). Thus, it can be concluded that the proposed system can be used for preparation of LSZ maps. In the future, the methodology may be extended for real time assessment and prediction of landslide hazards.