来自巴塞罗那Inspiration from Barcelona

说B&B扛起了本季的大旗可能还是保守的说法!为期三天的第五届展览会人潮汹涌,其间最受瞩目的焦点是五周年回顾展,以广告,图片和动态影像的方法展示了从2001年春季在科     

Purification and characterization of antifungal δ-dodecalactone from Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 isolated from kimchi

The aim of this study was to purify and identify an antifungal compound from Lactobacillus plantarum AF1, which was isolated from kimchi. The antifungal compound was purified by solid-phase extraction and recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and its structure was elucidated by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The active compound from L. plantarum AF1 was confirmed to be δ-dodecalactone (molecular weight, 198.3) by comparison of its gas chromatographic retention time with the mass spectrum of standard δ-dodecalactone. The MICs of δ-dodecalactone against various fungi and bacteria ranged from 350 to 6,250 m g/ml. δ-Dodecalactone showed strong antifungal activity against molds Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. petrakii, A. ochraceus, A. nidulans, and Penicillium roqueforti. The three tested yeast strains of Candida albicans were more resistant than the molds. Antibacterial activity was evident but less potent than the antifungal activity. δ-Dodecalactone produced pleasurable (fruity) organoleptic characteristics. The results indicate the potential of the δ-dodecalactone produced by L. plantarum AF1 as a biopreservative and flavoring compound, as well as a biosafe remedy for candidiasis.     

Superoxide dismutase from hen’s egg yolk can protect fatty acids from peroxidative damage

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC1.15.1.1) is a family of enzymes, which remove superoxide anion (O ₂ ^·? ) from the cells of living organisms. The aim of this study was to describe antioxidative properties of SOD with regard to the protection of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from peroxidative damage and to compare this effect with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In this experiment, Cu, Zn-SOD from hen’s egg yolk with a mass of 15.59 ± 0.38 kDa and pI 6.58 ± 0.10, 6.41 ± 0.08 and 6.30 ± 0.15 was used to protect fatty acids from peroxidative damage in vegetable oil (sunflower oil and olive oil) during 200 days of storage at different temperatures—4, 20 and 35 °C. Antioxidative properties of SOD and BHT were expressed as the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (SFA) in samples after 50, 100 and 200 days of storage as well as the percentage content of selected fatty acids in the examined oils. SOD from egg yolk showed the same or better antioxidant properties with regard to the concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2) contained in sunflower oil and olive oil than the corresponding concentrations of BHT during 200-day storage at 4, 20 and 35 °C. The concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the sample with SOD was significantly higher during storage at 35 °C on day 200. At all storage temperatures, the ratio of SFA to UFA in samples with the addition of SOD was statistically higher than in oils stored without the antioxidant. With regard to linoleic acid (C18:2), SOD proved to be a better antioxidant than BHT. The results demonstrated better antioxidant properties of SOD from hen’s eggs compared with the same concentrations of BHT at elevated temperatures (at 20 and 35 °C) in oil with a high content of UFA. No negative antioxidative effect (worse than that of BHT at a corresponding concentration) of the addition of SOD from egg yolk on fatty acid composition of the tested samples was observed. Though further research is necessary, SOD from hen’s egg yolk seems to be a promising natural antioxidant of vegetable oils.     

Bioefficacy of EPA–DHA from lipids recovered from fish processing wastes through biotechnological approaches

The effect of fish oil recovered from fish visceral waste (FVW-FO) on serum and liver lipids, activity of HMG-CoA reductase in liver microsomes and EPA + DHA incorporation in liver, heart and brain were evaluated. Rats were fed different concentrations of FVW-FO providing 1.25%, 2.50%, 5.0% EPA + DHA recovered by either fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis for 8 weeks. Feeding FVW-FO reduce triacylglycerols (5.96–20.3%), total cholesterol (7.9–21.5%) and LDL (7.39–21.7%) cholesterol levels in serum compared to group fed on a control diet (groundnut oil). The activity of HMG-CoA reductase was reduced (p < 0.05) in the FVW-FO fed groups compared to the control. EPA + DHA level in serum, liver, brain and heart increased with increments in dietary EPA + DHA. Results show the hypolipidemic property of FVW-FO and reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity which is proportional to the incorporation of EPA + DHA. Recovery of FVW-FO will address the increasing demand for fish oil and reduce pollution problems.     

Are emissions of black carbon from gasoline vehicles underestimated? Insights from near and on-road measurements

Measurements of black carbon (BC) with a high-sensitivity laser-induced incandescence (HS-LII) instrument and a single particle soot photometer (SP2) were conducted upwind, downwind, and while driving on a highway dominated by gasoline vehicles. The results are used with concurrent CO(2) measurements to derive fuel-based BC emission factors for real-world average fleet and heavy-duty diesel vehicles separately. The derived emission factors from both instruments are compared, and a low SP2 bias (relative to the HS-LII) is found to be caused by a BC mass mode diameter less than 75 nm, that is most prominent with the gasoline fleet but is not present in the heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust on the highway. Results from both the LII and the SP2 demonstrate that the BC emission factors from gasoline vehicles are at least a factor of 2 higher than previous North American measurements, and a factor of 9 higher than currently used emission inventories in Canada, derived with the MOBILE 6.2C model. Conversely, the measured BC emission factor for heavy-duty diesel vehicles is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements. The results suggest that greater attention must be paid to black carbon from gasoline engines to obtain a full understanding of the impact of black carbon on air quality and climate and to devise appropriate mitigation strategies.     

Studies on Nutritive Food from Rice Bran

Rice bran has high nutritive value and good prospects on developing new foods from it.The paper described preparation of a new functional food from stabilized rice bran and provided new technical ways to utillize rice bran in the area of healthy foods.     

Production systems – An example from Brazil

Important information about the Brazilian agribusiness, population and economy are presented in this paper, as well as details of beef production, market, industry and production system, to inform people involved in meat industry about details on demography, production, economy and production systems of a country that is the largest player in beef exports in the world and that uses, mostly, Bos indicus based bovine population, reared under pasture conditions, for meat production purposes. Herd size, genetic evaluation programs, quantity of beef produced and market is informed, with figures about the global and major players’ production. Some discussion related to environmental concerns, methane emission and carbon fixation is also presented, as well as meat quality. Meat quality of fed animals is also compared with beef from animals that are raised in pasture conditions.     

来自佛罗伦萨的灵感Inspiration from Florence

尽管本季Pitti Uomo的秀场少了几个大牌的身影,但总体感觉还是非常积极乐观的。不可否认,Boss的缺席造成了非常严重的负面影响,但是“触觉,新花花公子的衣橱”(Touch,     

Where is mercury deposition coming from?

Uncertainties about the roles of different natural and synthetic sources are fueling the debate on how to regulate emissions.     

Dihydroactinidiolide from thermal degradation of β-carotene

The formation of dihydroactinidiolide by thermal degradation of β-carotene was studied. A comparison of yields of dihydroactinidiolide in commercial β-carotene and β-carotene derived from crude palm oil was investigated. Thermal degradation of commercial β-carotene promoted the formation of dihydroactinidiolide with the highest yield, 61.21%. Thermal degradation of recovered β-carotene yielded 29.23% of dihydroactinidiolide. The lower recovery of β-carotene was due to the mixture of compounds in the extract. Further investigation indicated some other useful aroma compounds formed from this thermal degradation were β-ionone, 3-oxo-β-ionone, and β-cyclocitral.The outcome provided wide opportunities in utilizing crude palm oil as natural source of β-carotene to produce aroma compound.     

Salmonella serotypes isolated from nonhuman sources in São Paulo,Brazil, from 1996 through 2000

A total of 4,581 Salmonella strains isolated from nonhuman sources, including foodstuffs associated with foodborne Salmonella outbreaks, from January 1996 through December 2000 were serotyped at the Enteropathogens Laboratory, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, S?o Paulo, Brazil. Among the 123 different serotypes identified, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) was the most prevalent (32.7%), ranking first for almost every kind of source. The next most common serotypes were Salmonella Senftenberg (10.3%), Salmonella Hadar (6.8%), Salmonella Agona (5.1%), and Salmonella Typhimurium (2.4%). Rough strains belonging to the subspecies S. enterica subsp. enterica (4.8%), S. enterica subsp. arizonae (<1%), S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (<1%), and S. enterica subsp. houtenae (<1%) were also detected. Foodstuffs (including poultry meat for consumption) contained 38.1% of the studied Salmonella strains, poultry flocks (from several farms under salmonellosis control by the owners) contained 21.7%, the environment contained 10.6%, sewage contained 9.4%, water contained 6.6%, animal feed contained 4.4%, chill water from poultry-processing operations contained 2.2%, and other sources contained 7.0%. Foodstuffs extensively contaminated with Salmonella strains were poultry meat (40%), cow meat (11%), desserts (8%), mayonnaise (6%), sausage (5%), and unpasteurized shell eggs (4%), and there were several other food sources (26%). Homemade mayonnaise was the most common vehicle for Salmonella foodborne outbreaks, and Salmonella Enteritidis was the serotype most isolated (95%) from that source. According to these data and previously published data concerning Salmonella strains isolated in S?o Paulo State, almost the same serotypes have predominated among nonhuman sources for the last decade.     

Gelatin–pectin composite films from polyion-complex hydrogels

Preparation and properties of composite films from gelatin and low-methoxyl pectin from simultaneous reversible and permanent polyion-complex hydrogels are presented. Ionic interactions between positively charged gelatin and negatively charged pectin produce reversible physical hydrogels with homogeneous molecular arrangement that improve both mechanical and water resistance but do not alter thermal stability relative to single polymer gels. Subsequent addition of 0.3 weight percent (wt.%) glutaraldehyde crosslinks gelatin heterogeneously, due to the presence of domains with non-uniform crosslinking, as revealed by the structural analysis. Resulting interspersed permanent chemical hydrogel showed a decreased swelling attitude by nearly 10 fold relative to films from gelatin alone and further improved mechanical performance (tensile strength and elongation at break). Results demonstrate that simultaneously exploiting the specific reactivity provided by the functional groups of both biopolymers can be used to create unique new structures with improved properties and offer potential for tailoring these to a wide range of targeted applications.     

Enlightenments from the Case of Sino-America Furniture Anti-dumping

It was reported by American media on July. 16th, 2003 that 14 American furniture manufacturing enterprises will submit the antidumping accusation against the bedroom wood furniture imported from china to the ITC and the DOC of America. On Jan. 4th, 2005, the anti-dumping levy act was issued, symbolizing the end of the one year and a half long Sino America furniture anti-dumping case, which had caused broad attention of both Chinese and foreigners, especially people of the trade. Under the active co-operation and concerted struggle of the furniture manufacturing enterprises, China gained satisfactory ac-     

IPST科研报告摘要Research Abstracts from IPST

ＩＰＳＴ科研报告摘要ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔｓｆｒｏｍＩＰＳＴ１９９３年夏季，本刊编辑部收到美国造纸科学技术研究院（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰａｐｅｒＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｉｎｃ；，缩写为ＩＰＳＴ，即以前的ＩＰＣ）寄来的该院...