Morphology of the Bagasse Fibers Obtained from the Elaboration Process of Mezcal and Effects on Their Tensile Properties

The morphology of the cross-section and longitudinal-section of bagasse fibers of Agave angustifolia Haw from the elaboration process of mezcal were investigated and tensile tests were performed in function of the diameter (0.20–0.79 mm), gauge length (10, 15 and 20 mm) and strain rate (5–50 mm/min). The cross-section of the fibers is ribbon-shape like with dislocations and the longitudinal section has mechanical damage in its surface. The ultimate tensile strength (14.83–86.51 MPa) and Young’s modulus (0.20–1.26 GPa) are influenced by the diameter and the strain rate, while the strain at failure (16–26%) is influenced by the gauge length. These results are discussed in light of information on relationship between morphology and tensile properties of natural fibers and possible effects of the elaboration process of mezcal.     

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Nanoclay-Treated Banana Fibers

The objective of this work is to improve the thermal, mechanical and fiber-matrix adhesion properties of banana fibers using nanoclay particle infusion. The nanoclays were infused into the banana fibers by using alkaline and silane chemical treatments. The morphology and distribution of nanoclays in banana fiber was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Nanoclay infused fiber resulted in 35.7% and 12.5% increased tensile modulus and strength over untreated fiber, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis of nanoclay infused banana fiber shows ~ 2.2 times increased weight gain at 600°C when compared with untreated banana fiber.     

Morphological and Chemical Composition of Pith and Fibers from Mexican Sugarcane Bagasse

Summary This paper tries to enlarge existing knowledge on the morphology and chemical composition of Mexican sugarcane bagasse carrying out a morphological and chemical analysis of the main fractions, fiber bundles and pith, consisting of vessels and parenchyma. The cell dimensions of the two fractions were determined as well as their chemical composition. Morphology as well as chemical composition of the two fractions are different. Average length of fibers was higher than 1 mm and the ratio fiber length: fiber diameter was the highest of all cell types investigated in this paper. Fibers had a high cell wall thickness which contributes to the stability of these tissue elements. On the other hand, the parenchyma cells were very short with a fairly high diameter and a thin cell wall. Such structure has a negative impact on the papermaking properties of bagasse. Chemical analysis of the two fractions revealed that ash content and hot water extractives of the pith fraction is much higher than for the fiber bundles.

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Influence of Surgarcane Bagasse Fibers with Modified Surface on Polypropylene Composites

Sugarcane bagasse fibers were pre-treated with sulfuric acid solution to improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites for automotive parts. It was used maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) as coupling agent. Fibers were characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The chemical composition of fibers was also evaluated. PP was mixed to fibers, in proportions of 5 to 10% (wt/wt) using a thermokinetic mixer model MH-50H. Furthermore tensile specimens were prepared for evaluation of mechanical properties by tensile test. Pre-treatment fibers permitted the removal of other components from sugarcane bagasse. The chemical treatment reduced some of the fibers amorphous components, causing changes in their surface.

The addition of pre-treated and compatibilizedfibers to PP matrix caused an increase in the elastic modulus in tensile. It was possible to obtain a more rigid and less deformable material with up to 10% fiber content. However, the use of the coupling agent showed results superior to other composites.     

Some Properties of Natural Fibers (Sisal,Pineapple, and Banana) in Comparison to Man-Made Technical Fibers (Aramide,Glass, Carbon)

In this paper, we analyze the results of the delignification treatments performed on three natural fibers (sisal, pineapple, and banana) and of the thermal treatments at 400, 600, and 800°C on three industrial fibers (aramid, carbon, and glass). The fibers were analyzed by TGA, SEM, and EDS, as well as tested for tensile strength before and after the delignification and thermal treatments. Contact angle measurements were also carried out on the natural fibers. With the delignification treatments, the removal of Si, K, and Mg on pineapple and banana fibers was achieved. Thermal treatments lowered significantly the tensile strength of industrial fibers, while delignification treatments decreased slightly the mechanical resistance of natural fibers, except in the case of the pineapple fiber.     

棕叶纤维性能研究

棕叶纤维柔软度较高，纤维纵向有较多明显的竖纹，无天然扭曲。纤维的横截面呈不规则锯齿形，结构松散，纤维中有许多孔隙。文章将棕叶纤维与其他叶纤维如菠萝叶、香蕉叶和构树叶以及茎纤维如亚麻、黄麻和大麻进行了比较。     

Evaluation of Structural,Tensile and Thermal Properties of Banana Fibers

Recognizing the importance of properties of the plant fibers for their use in polymeric composites and nonavailability of data on tensile, thermal, and other properties of banana fibers of Karnataka (India), a study was undertaken with the objective of determining some of these properties. This article presents determination of structural aspects of the fibers by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques; obtaining stress-strain curves and tensile properties by tensile testing; finally, thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. FTIR spectrum of banana fibers showed aromatic character, while XRD results indicated the fiber to have mainly the cellulose I structure and crystallinity index of 52%. Thermal-degradation details of fiber samples were revealed by thermal studies. Stress-strain curves of banana fibers suggested their brittle nature with moderate values of tensile strength, but low percentage elongation. Weibull analysis of obtained tensile strength values revealed variation of “characteristic strength” values from 3800 MPa at 99% reliability to 22,700 MPa with 0.01% reliability. Morphology studies revealed the number of defects along the length of the fiber, while fractured surface exhibited flat surface with intracellular fractures clearly indicating brittle nature of the fiber.     

Mechanical and physical properties of agro-based fiberboard

In order to better utilize agricultural fibers as an alternative resource for composite panels, several variables were investigated to improve mechanical and physical properties of agro-based fiberboard. This study focused on the effect of fiber morphology, slenderness ratios (L/D), and fiber mixing combinations on panel properties. The panel construction types were also investigated such as hardboard (HB), medium density fiberboard (MDF), and bagasse core panel (BCP) made from bagasse/bamboo combinations with a combination of 1% pMDI/4% UF as a binder. Static bending properties and tensile strength increased as fiber L/D increased from 3 to 26. Fiber separation and morphology also influenced the mechanical property development of agro-based panels. Bagasse fiber bundles and particles smaller than L/D of 5.4 were responsible for the mechanical property loss of agro-based MDF. The BCP yielded promising results for modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). However, HB appeared to be a better panel type for agro-based composites based on the property enhancement compared to wood-based panel products.     

Effect of Rot-Retardant Treatment on Properties of Jute Fibers

Jute natural fiber is gradually replacing traditional glass fibers as reinforcement in composites due to their higher specific modulus and lower specific gravity. For reducing rotting properties of jute fiber, rot-retardant treatment was conducted on different portions of the fiber. The rot-retardant jute fibers were characterized by tensile test, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermal and water absorption tests. The tensile properties improved in the middle portion as compared to the top and bottom portions and deteriorated after rot-retardant treatment. The diameter gradually increased from top to middle and then to bottom portion after treatment. The crystalinity index was found higher for bottom portion. Thermal properties of jute fiber also improved as compared to the control jute fiber. The rot-retardant--treated jute fiber may find satisfactory and desirable application in our house hold accessories.     

Physical Properties of Plant Fibers (Sisal,Coir) and Its Composite Material with Tamarind Seed Gum as Low-Cost Housing Material

In this study, the physical properties of sisal and coir fibers have been described. Using manual extraction procedures, the sisal fibers were extracted from the sisal plant and coir fibers from the coconut palm. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry, structural morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and the degree of sharpness of the equatorial reflections of the X-ray fiber diffraction pattern were recorded for the untreated sisal and coir fibers. Tensile strength was determined for the single fiber and the results are correlated with the tensile strength of bundle fibers. Composite material has been prepared with this plant fiber as a filler and tamarind seed gum as a matrix material. The endosperms of roasted tamarind seeds were used for the preparation of tamarind seed gum solution. The different temperature condition maintained for roasting the seeds are 130°C, 160°C, and 180°C. The tensile strength of the prepared composite material is measured and it shows dependency of the roasting temperature condition of the tamarind seed. Scanning electron microscopy and water resistivity test were conducted, and the results were reported for the prepared composite material. Low-cost housing is made using this biodegradable sisal fiber--tamarind seed gum composite material.     

Effect of different retting processes on yield and quality of banana pseudostem fiber

The main objective of this study is to develop a suitable technology to utilize banana pseudostem waste in an effective manner. The choice of a specific extraction method depends on the intended end uses of the fibers and hence different methods (mechanical, microbial, chemical, and enzymatic) were carried out to extract cellulosic fibers from Poovan variety and the chemical properties were investigated. The flexural and tensile properties of fibers were explored to analyze the suitability of fibers for different applications. Results obtained from these analyses confirmed that the tex value of chemical retted fiber was lesser than others. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the surfaces of the chemically retted fibers were rougher than mechanically extracted fibers with an average diameter of 180 µm. The elemental composition of the chemical-treated banana pseudostem fibers was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectrum indicated the presence of similar functional groups in all the fiber samples.     

菠萝叶纤维的超声波辅助化学脱胶工艺

为实现菠萝叶纤维的高效脱胶,将超声波清洗技术与化学脱胶技术相结合,采用响应面法对超声波频率、超声波处理时间、超声波处理温度3个因素进行优化,并借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、热分析仪等表征脱胶过程中纤维结构与性能的变化规律。结果表明:菠萝叶纤维超声波辅助化学脱胶的最佳工艺条件为超声波频率53 kHz、超声波处理时间35 min、超声波处理温度53 ℃,在此优化条件下得到的纤维残胶率为13.8%,断裂强度为4.2 cN/dtex,与理论值基本吻合,可满足纺纱要求;各因素对纤维残胶率和断裂强度的影响顺序由大到小为超声波频率、超声波处理时间、超声波处理温度;超声波处理对半纤维素和木质素的去除有促进作用,对纤维素分子链损伤小,对热性能影响也较小。     

蔗渣纤维炭化特性及不同预处理方法的影响研究

以蔗渣纤维为生物质原料,通过热重分析仪和扫描电镜,考察不同升温速率、不同气氛下蔗渣纤维的炭化特性。研究不同预处理方法对蔗渣纤维炭化特性的影响及蔗渣基炭材料的形貌结构。随着升温速率增加,蔗渣纤维在氮气氛下炭化过程的最大失重速率对应的热分解温度明显升高。蔗渣纤维在空气氛下的最大失重速率对应的温度为347℃,低于氮气氛下最大失重速率对应的温度372℃。不同的预处理方法对蔗渣纤维的成分比例影响略有不同,导致炭化过程的热分解温度有所差别。不同的预处理方法得到的蔗渣纤维在炭化后都保持很好的纤维结构,其纤维直径主要取决于炭化前蔗渣纤维的直径。蔗渣纤维制备炭纤维材料完全可行,对预处理方法调控可以制备不同的炭纤维材料。     

菠萝叶纤维脱胶工艺及染色性能

探讨了不同脱胶工艺对菠萝叶纤维物理性能的影响。用浓烧碱对菠萝叶纤维溶胀改性,并用活性染料对棉纤维、苎麻纤维、改性的菠萝叶纤维和未改性菠萝叶纤维染色。结果表明,菠萝叶纤维对活性染料的染色性能介于棉纤维与苎麻纤维之间,改性后的菠萝叶纤维对染料的上染性和提升性显著提高,可用活性染料染中深色或深色。     

生物质纤维/菠萝叶纤维多组分混纺纱线的品质与性能

菠萝叶纤维粗且长,表面有枝节,纵向平直,单独成纱质量较差,为提高其可纺性,结合绢丝、羊毛、壳聚糖纤维、Lyocell纤维和聚乳酸(PLA)纤维的性能特点,选取绢纺系统将菠萝叶纤维分别与这几种纤维混纺制备16.7 tex×2两组分纱线和14.3 tex×2三组分纱线,并测试其力学性能、条干均匀度、毛羽等指标.结果表明:所...     

Chemical,morphological and structural characteristics of crossbred wool fibers

Abstract

Crossbreeding of a local sheep called Ghezel thick wool with Arkharmerino fine wool is one of the interest studies in the last decade to improve the local sheep’s products quality. In this study, the chemical and mechanical properties of Arkharmerino, Ghezel and their first and second-generation wool fibers were investigated. The diameter, length and tensile properties of wool fibers were studied. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum were also performed to evaluate the morphological and physical characteristics of all samples. The results showed that crossbreeding Ghezel ewes with Arkharmerino rams led to improving the wool fiber characteristics from chemical and physical properties points of view in the final application. The higher fineness, higher length, lighter color and higher tenacity were resulting from Arkharmerino–Ghezel in the second generation in comparison with Ghezel wool fibers.     

Effect of sugarcane bagasse addition on physical,chemical, and sensory properties of oat flour and banana cake

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sugarcane bagasse (SB) addition on chemical, physical, and sensory properties of the oat flour and banana cakes. The SB was added in the amount of 3 g and 6 g/100 g solids (BC3 and BC6) to obtain cakes considered “source of fiber” and “high in fiber content,” respectively. The addition of SB did not alter the chemical composition of the cakes except the dietary fiber which was higher in the BC6. The firmness of the cake increased with SB concentration, but this fact did not interfere in the sensorial acceptance of the product. The production of oat flour and banana cakes containing “high fiber content” with good sensorial acceptance was possible and demonstrated the reuse of an agro-industrial residue widely available the sugar and alcohol industry.     

竹炭腈纶纤维的形态结构及性能研究

为了了解竹炭腈纶纤维的性能．对所选的竹炭腈纶纤维和普通腈纶纤维的强伸性能、摩擦性能和吸湿性能进行了测试和分析,并通过燃烧试验观察两种纤维的燃烧特征,用扫描电子显微镜观察两种纤维横截面和纵向形态。结果表明：竹炭腈纶纤维表面和内部分布着大小不均匀的微孔;与普通腈纶纤维相比,竹炭腈纶纤维的摩擦系数较小,拉伸性和吸湿性能均较好。而竹炭腈纶纤维与普通腈纶纤维的燃烧特征没有明显的区别。     

Borassus and Tamarind Fruit Fibers as Reinforcement in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid-Epoxy Composites

In this study borassus and tamarind fruit fibers were extracted and their physical and mechanical properties such as diameter, density, tensile strength and interfacial adhesion strength (IAS) were experimentally determined. To study the effect of alkali treatment, both the fruit fibers were treated with 5% vol. sodium hydroxide solution for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h durations. Morphological studies of untreated and alkali treated fibers by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of the surface impurities on the untreated fiber whereas the same were absent on the treated fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also confirmed the elimination of amorphous hemicellulose of the fibers on treatment. Borassus fruit fine fibers and tamarind fruit fibers treated for 2 h exhibited better mechanical properties and improved IAS with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) -Epoxy matrix.     

纸张三维结构的CLSM表征及纸张特性研究

为采用纤维复配的方法提高蔗渣浆纸张的物理性能,探究了棉浆、马尾松浆、竹浆、桉木浆以及蔗渣浆自身特性和纸张结构。首先检测不同浆种纤维的自身特性,然后提出了一种基于激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)的纸张三维结构表征方法,计算纸张的孔隙率用于表征纤维间的相对结合面积,两者结合分析了棉浆、马尾松浆、竹浆、桉木浆与蔗渣浆配抄纸张物理性能的贡献因素。结果表明,CLSM所得到的纸张孔隙率计算值与实验检测值的相对误差小于8%;配抄后纸张物理性能的实验值均大于计算值,具有协同作用,配抄纤维对蔗渣浆纸张物理性能提升的贡献度从大到小依次为:纤维结合能力、纤维自身强度、纤维长度,其中配抄50%马尾松浆的蔗渣浆纸张物理性能提高最大,纸张的抗张指数、耐破指数、撕裂指数分别提高56. 8%、99. 3%、108. 1%。