Temperature and refractive index sensor using a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror and single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure

A novel fiber optic sensor for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature is reported. The sensor consists of a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror and a section of single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure. The single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure served as a refractometer while the high-birefringence fiber loop mirror was used to measure temperature. The multimode interference valley of the single mode-coreless-single mode fiber structure was sensitive to the surrounding refractive index of liquids (96.42 nm/refractive index unit) and had almost no response to temperature fluctuations. The high-birefringence fiber loop mirror was highly sensitive to temperature (1.98 nm/°C) but was insensitive to changes in refractive index. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrated simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index. The optimum resolution was 2.07 × 10^?4 refractive index units and 0.01°C.     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。     

DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE BY A FABRY-PEROT CAVITY FORMED BY TWO FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS

A sensing system based on a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by two fiber Bragg gratings for simultaneous measurements of temperature and liquid concentration is reported. Detailed analysis and discussion of the spectral transmission characteristics of the device are provided based on Coupled-Mode Theory. Through numerical simulation of spectral transmission, reflection spectra are shown to be influenced by the grating and Fabry-Perot cavity lengths, and sensing properties of temperature and liquid concentration are studied. A fast Fourier transform based demodulation method that simultaneously demodulates temperature and liquid concentration signals of the device was studied. The use of the fast Fourier transform provides absolute measurements with high sensitivity. The temperature sensitivity was 0.0104 nm/°C, the resolution was 1°C, the error of repeatability was 4%, the hysteresis was less than 0.010 nm, and the sensitivity of the measurement on liquid reflection was 0.01%.     

Novel torsion sensor using a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber loop mirror

A novel torsion sensor employing a short length of polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber was inserted into the fiber loop mirror with an output probe. The sensing scheme was described theoretically by a Jones matrix and experimentally demonstrated. The results showed that the sensitivity of the intensity loss in response to the twist angle may be up to 0.0394 dB/° and a resolution of 0.025° was achieved. This torsion sensor is attractive due to its compact size, insensitivity to temperature, and suitability for longer distance transmission than conventional sensors.     

Fiber optic temperature sensor using the orbital angular momentum and gaussian beams

A fiber optic temperature sensor is reported based on the interference between the orbital angular momentum and Gaussian beams. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was employed to convert the temperature signal to a light signal of the phase difference between the reference and measuring paths. The fiber Bragg grating is included in the fiber of the measuring path. Different from the traditional sensing of fiber Bragg gratings by wavelength interrogation, the temperature-dependent phase delay near Bragg wavelength was utilized in this design. The resolution of system was better than 0.01°C. Moreover, the sensitivity of the system was obtained across various ranges of temperature. This system has potential applications in temperature measurements that require high resolution.     

光纤光栅空分光复用传感系统的研究

介绍了一种光纤光栅空分复用传感系统,并将光纤光栅的传感特性应用于结构健康检测系统中。宽带光源发出的光波进入光栅阵列时,利用光开关选通不同光路实现FBG空分复用传感系统。系统采用等腰三角形悬臂梁调谐装置对FBG进行挠度加载,利用非平衡M-Z干涉技术对传感信息进行解调,将包含被测应变信息的FBG波长信号转变成相位信号,从而得到被测应变的大小,成功地实现了空分复用传感。该系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点,其传感分辨率为7.3 nε,灵敏度的实验值为0.82°/με。     

利用超短FBG光谱线性区的传感解调系统

为了研究一种星载光纤光栅传感解调系统,通过高掺锗光纤载氢增敏和优化紫外曝光功率,实现了栅区长度小于0.5mm,反射率大于40%,3dB带宽大于5nm,反射谱边缘有效线性区域大于2nm的超短光纤光栅的写制。提出了一种将超短FBG作为传感器件,利用其光谱线性区进行传感解调的方法。将中心波长位于光谱线性区域的稳频激光入射到超短光纤光栅,随着超短光纤光栅光谱的漂移,反射光的功率随之变化。由于稳频激光位于线性区域,返回光功率与光谱漂移量呈线性关系,因而可实现传感测量。将该系统用于应变和温度的测量,结果表明,光功率随应变、温度变化具有较好的线性关系,线性度分别为0.997和0.999,灵敏度分别为54.59nW/με和230nW/℃。该方法可用于温度及应变的精确测量,并且具有结构简单、功耗小、测量空间分辨率高等潜在优势。     

基于桥梁结构的FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题的研究

对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器在桥梁结构健康监测中产生的温度与应变交叉敏感问题进行了研究。采用参考光纤光栅法在应变传感光纤光栅附近额外加入一个温度测量光纤光栅,对应变光栅实现温度补偿功能。设计了基于参考光纤光栅法的FBG传感器及FBG传感器封装的机械结构,并通过实验来验证FBG传感器的性能。实验数据表明,温度传感光纤光栅几乎不受应变的影响,应变传感光栅的中心波长变化与温度变化呈一阶线性关系,修正后的测量结果更加精确,达到了双参数同时测量的目的,应变与布拉格波长的线性关系非常好,相关系数达到0.99以上。参考光纤光栅法能够很好地解决FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感的问题。     

一种倾角及温度同时测量的光纤传感器

叙述了一种用于倾斜角及温度同时测量的传感器。该传感器由光纤锥和光纤布拉格光栅构成,当传感器倾角发生改变时引起光纤锥的通光损耗改变,通过测量通光损耗的变化而测量倾角,通过测量光纤光栅的反射波长的变化而实现温度测量,此外光纤布拉格光栅还有提高倾角测量灵敏度的作用。     

基于光纤环镜的光纤光栅传感解调系统

提出了一种新型的基于保偏光纤环镜的光纤布拉格光栅传感器解调方案。建立了理论分析模型,研究了保偏光纤环镜结构参数对解调精度影响的特性并进行了数值仿真。搭建了光路系统,设计了能够消除系统结构参数误差影响的基于LabVIEW的参数测定软件、解调系统监控软件和电路模块,进行了传感检测实验,其结果与理论分析相吻合。该系统稳定性好,检测灵敏度高,适用性强,在光纤光栅传感器的应用方面具有重要意义。     

波登管式光纤布拉格光栅压强传感器

基于光纤布拉格光栅传感模型，提出了一种悬臂梁与波登管相结合的光纤光栅压强传感器的组合设计，推导了光纤布拉格光栅中心波长偏移量与压强之间的解析关系式。理论和实验结果表明，压强调谐光纤布拉格波长的灵敏度系数的理论值与实验值分别为0．2246nm／MPa、0．2218nm／MPa，在0～6MPa测压范围内，调谐范围为1．35n／n．     

窄间隙条件下基于光纤Bragg光栅的曲面位移测量

在充分利用光纤Bragg光栅既是敏感元件又是传光元件这一特点的基础上,提出一种在曲面空间间隙小于1 mm的窄间隙条件下,测量两曲面间相对位移的方法。设计一种矩形弹片式传感探头,利用其挠度与应变之间存在的对应关系,通过应变对光栅Bragg波长的调制,获得光栅Bragg波长偏移量与曲面位移之间的线性关系。通过双光纤光栅的应变差动成功消除了光纤Bragg光栅存在的温度干扰问题。结果表明,当曲面相对位移量在0.35～0.85 mm范围内时,测量系统的灵敏度达2.54 nm/mm,线性度优于1%。     

可同时测量温度和压力的高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器

报道一种新颖的基于单个光纤布拉格光栅的传感器。该传感器将光栅的一部分封装在周围填充聚合物的金属空腔里,另一部分固定在金属柱体内。由于固定的光栅部分不受应变的影响,而封装在聚合物的光栅同时受温度和应变的影响,因此该结构可实现温度和应变的分离传感。同时,这种聚合物封装的结构把施加在聚合物上的横向应力巧妙地转化为施加在光栅上的轴向应变,可大大提高其应变传感灵敏度。实验结果表明该传感器不但可以实现压力和温度的同时测量,而且其压力灵敏度系数可达9.65×10-3MPa-1,约为裸光栅的4770倍。     

保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的光学游标效应及温度传感器

为了实现高灵敏度的温度传感,通过在基于保偏光纤Sagnac干涉仪的Sagnac环内增加一段保偏光纤,控制两段保偏光纤快轴熔接角度接近45°,设计并制造了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环结构。在理论上通过Jones矩阵推导了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的干涉谱公式,基于仿真分析研究了主要参数对保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环实现了光学游标效应,两段保偏光纤的平均长度、两段保偏光纤的长度差分别影响保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出干涉谱的波长间隔和包络周期;在实验中,将保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环应用在光纤温度传感器中。实验结果表明,在2cm的感温区域,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环温度传感器的灵敏度就达到了-2.44nm/℃,是普通Sagnac干涉环温度传感器(-0.163nm/℃)的14.97倍。     

Near-Field Nanofluid Concentration Measurement by Rayleigh Particle Scattering Bragg Grating Evanescent Wave

We report an approach to detect near-field nanofluid concentration by scattering Bragg grating evanescent wave (EW). Since the suspended nanoparticles can enhance the scattering intensity of the EW from the thinned and tapered fiber with Bragg grating, the reflectance ratio of Bragg grating is dependent on the corresponding refractive index (RI) of the nanofluid at different nanoparticle volume fraction. A critical reflectance ratio measurement identifies the nanofluid concentration. Theory and simulation of scattering Bragg grating EW was analyzed. The scattering Bragg grating EW fiber sensing probe was designed and fabricated by the wet chemical etching method, and calibration was made by several chemical solutions without suspended nanoparticles. The example application of the nanofluid containing dispersed 40 nm SiO₂ nanoparticles demonstrates the feasibility. The reflectance ratio decreases by over 3.2% with the nanofluid concentration increasing from 0.25 wt.% to 4 wt.%, while the temperature disturbance can be negligible.     

Planar optical waveguide temperature sensor based on etched bragg gratings considering nonlinear thermo-optic effect

This paper demonstrates the development of optical temperature sensor based on the etched silica-based planar waveguide Bragg grating. Topics include design and fabrication of the etched planar waveguide Bragg grating optical temperature sensor. The typical bandwidth and reflectivity of the surface etched grating has been ∼0.2 nm and ∼9 %, respectively, at a wavelength of ∼1552 nm. The temperature-induced wavelength change is found to be slightly non-linear over ∼200 °C temperature range. Typically, the temperature-induced fractional Bragg wavelength shift measured in this experiment is 0.0132 nm/°C with linear curve fit. Theoretical models with nonlinear temperature effect for the grating response based on waveguide and plate deformation theories agree with experiments to within acceptable tolerance.     

偏振对于光纤光栅传感器工作性能影响的研究

基于布拉格衍射理论的光纤光栅传感器应用于温度、浓度、应力等参量高精度测量,通常要求高精度的波长分辨率.当入射光波前有偏振态存在时,将会对光栅系统的波前测量结果产生误差.在保偏光纤中,偏振对于光栅的影响尤为严重.当光栅周期与光栅矢量排布方向发生改变时,它与带有偏振信息波前作用后的衍射波前也会发生变化,而且在不同的衍射级上...     

光纤Bragg光栅靶式流量传感器设计

基于工业流体流量测量技术、光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感检测技术与靶式流量计原理,针对单个光纤Bragg光栅传感系统对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计并且制作了一种基于双光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器。该传感器采用靶盘结构作为光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的受力元件,对温度起到了补偿作用,并且有效地提高了应变测量灵敏度。实验表明,该流量传感器的线性误差为0.31%。     

倾斜光纤光栅周期对其透射谱的影响

倾斜光纤光栅作为一种特殊结构的光纤光栅,近年来受到了研究人员的广泛关注。基于模式耦合理论,仿真研究了光栅周期对倾斜光纤光栅透射谱的影响规律。研究结果表明,纤芯导模与包层模的波长差和光栅周期之间存在良好的线性关系。利用这一结论可提高倾斜光纤光栅在应变测量中的灵敏度和检测精度,且能够实现单光纤多测量的目的。     

Multiplexing optical fiber low coherence and high coherence interferometric system with large range and high resolution for on-line measurement

A novel optical fiber sensing system multiplexing low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry that is endowed with large range and high resolution and is stabilized for on-line measurement is presented. An optical fiber Michelson interferometer performing measurement task in the system works in both modes of low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry simultaneously by employing a broadband light source and a fiber Bragg grating as an in-fiber reflective mirror. The amplitude of the measurand is determined by the low coherence interferometry while the value of the measurand is measured by the high coherence interferometry. Another optical fiber Michelson interferometer which is incorporated with the one performing measurement task stabilizes the sensing system for on-line measurement by exploiting an electronic feedback loop to reduce the influences that are resulted from environmental disturbances. The measurement range is 6 mm and the measurement uncertainty is less than 2 nm.