架空输电线路巡线机器人的视觉导航

巡线机器人沿相线行走时必须探测识别和定位各种障碍物,并根据障碍类型规划越障行为。针对220 kV架空输电线路的结构特点,利用视觉传感器,设计了基于结构约束的障碍识别算法,完成了障碍识别和分类。根据障碍物的结构特点,设计了一种自适应多窗口区域立体匹配算法,实现了障碍物的双目视觉定位。模拟线路实验结果表明,算法能可靠地从复杂背景中识别并定位出防振锤、悬垂线夹和耐张线夹等障碍物,满足了巡线机器人导航要求。     

基于知识库的输电线路巡检机器人的越障控制

介绍了一种高压输电线路巡检机器人越障控制方法。高压输电线路巡检机器人在翻越同一障碍物时重复同一套操作动作,可通过在实验室进行越障过程示教,离线学习形成操作知识库,实际越障时自动调用操作知识库并与在线信号相结合完成自主越障动作。讨论了知识库的一般组成和功能,并分析了激光传感器定位的方法以实现巡检机器人滚动轮与导线“对中”。经过实验验证,该控制方法具有稳定可靠,硬件结构简便,能可靠地完成控制任务,实现自主越障。     

DOI面向断股补修作业任务的电力机器人机构设计

输电线路断股补修机器人需要在特定野外环境下开展复杂作业任务。面向机器人补修作业任务特征开展机构设计,可以提升机器人作业性能,保证作业质量。本文介绍了基于断股补修作业任务设计的应用于机器人的各类机构。根据行走、越障与捋线的作业目标,结合外部环境约束,进行机器人移动机构、越障机构与补修机构的设计。以增大附着力、削弱强制滑转现象为目标设计了优化阔线的驱动轮作为移动机构;以保证越障安全性为目标,设计了被动回转关节作为越障机构;以消除悬垂线路断股为目标,设计了螺旋复位式捋线机构作为补修机构。通过理论分析、对比仿真与实验,分析了所设计机构在行走、越障与补修作业上的可行性、稳定性与合理性。     

用于相贯线焊缝检测机器人的图像处理算法

针对管道相贯线焊缝难以检测的问题,提出了一种用于管道相贯线焊缝自动检测机器人轨道识别和定位的图像处理算法.在颜色空间转换和彩色边缘检测基础上,引入图像金字塔方法的Hough变换直线检测算法,快速识别磁性色码条并实现机器人自身姿态和运动轨迹的实时控制,将多阈值处理引入区域生长算法分割人工标识点,对人工标识点进行计数从而实现定位.实验结果验证了提出的图像处理算法的有效性.     

Design and manufacturing a novel screw-in-pipe inspection robot with steering capability

In this article, a novel in-pipe inspection robot is designed and manufactured in Kharazmi University KharazmPipeBot. This robot is able to move through any pipeline with a predefined diameter range with a variable pitch rate and report any desired data within the pipe with the aid of the installed camera. To achieve the highest stability of the robot through the pipe, the robot's movement is based on the screw locomotion protocol provided by the aid of its rotor and stator. A simple suspension is designed for three legs of the robot by installing a passive prismatic joint equipped with a spring for each leg to provide a smoother movement for the robot chassis. The main novelty of the robot is adding an extra controlling actuator for the robot which is the steer of the front wheels. This input can control the pitch rate of the robot movement and consequently the spiral track of the wheels can be actively managed. This importance lets us to bypass the probable obstacles attached to the inner wall of the pipes. A brief presentation of the robot model is delivered. Afterward, to verify the claimed novelties of the system, a prototype of the robot is manufactured in Kharazmi University and the efficiency of the robot is demonstrated by conducting some initial experimental tests. It is shown that the robot can move with a variable pitch rate through the wall and pass a detected obstacle accordingly.     

Study of a distributed control architecture for a quadruped robot

Looking at legged robots, it is sometimes very important to take into account some of the practical aspects (when focusing on theoretical ones) in order to implement control-command levels.In this way, we have treated the problem of the realization of dynamic or quasi-dynamic gaits with a quadruped robot using a new approach from which we have derived an efficient control/command scheme. This is based on a simple consideration which lies in the fact that the Dynamic Model (DM) can be decomposed into two main parts. From our point of view, we consider a part devoted to the command of the legs which could be called a Leg Inverse Dynamic Model (LIDM). We consider a second part dealing with the global characteristics of the platform. At this level, one can control the system. It will be called the LPIM (Leg to Platform Interaction Model).This goal is reached assuming a dichotomy in a distributed architecture and by the way we present it. Further justification of our method will be given in several stages throughout the paper. We paid great attention to time-saving considerations with respect to communication protocols and data exchange at the same level and between the three levels we derived from our basic investigations.     

大型挠性空间机械臂振动抑制的一种关节控制策略

大型空间机械臂在操作过程中,一个突出的问题是超低频挠性,不仅存在机械臂的弯曲振动,而且还存在关节的扭转变形振动;另外一个不能忽视的问题就是减速器的扭矩传递特性,以及机械臂关节运动与基座扰动（空间站）之问的耦合特性,这就要求根据关节结构和传感器配置实现关节位置控制,同时稳定和衰减机械臂及其关节的低频挠性振动．本文运用集中参数法对空间机械臂的挠性动力学进行建模,设计了工程可实现的单个关节控制策略及其控制律,分析和数值仿真了其稳定性,对未来空间站的大型挠性空间机械臂设计、动力学与控制的研究具有一定的参考价值．     

Comprehensive analysis of the position error and vibration characteristics of Delta robot

Taking Delta robot as research object, its characteristics of position error and vibration are analyzed synthetically. Using the position characteristic of driven arms, based on the method of geometry space vector, establish the mechanism error model; Taking use the principle of mathematical statistics and space vector as the basic, deriving the joint clearance error model; Based on finite element theory, on the basic of elastic dynamic model, establishing the flexible error model. Then, the kinematics and dynamics of branched chain with joint clearance generalized collision force are studied. Based on the definition of rod virtual length, combining the generalized collision force with the elastic dynamics model which includes mechanism error, joint clearance error and flexible error, establishing the comprehensive elastic dynamic model. Finally, by use of simulation software, numerical calculation and experiment, verified the correctness of comprehensive elastic dynamic model, and the characteristics of position error and vibration are analyzed.     

具有震颤抑制的微创机器人主从控制系统设计

详述了一种用于抑制微创手术机器人震颤现象的主从控制系统,提出了针对人手生理震颤的新型零相位滤波方法及针对从操作臂关节“粘滑行为”的前馈补偿PD伺服算法。新型零相位滤波避免了传统低通滤波器容易造成延时和传统零相位滤波无法在线使用的缺点,前馈补偿PD伺服算法通过摩擦补偿克服了非线性摩擦对从操作臂运动造成的影响。最后,对系统进行仿真及实验,结果表明该方法能有效地抑制机器人手术工具末端的震颤现象。     

约束条件下的巡线机器人逆运动学求解

高压输电线路巡检机器人是一种多关节悬挂运动机构,要实现其运动控制就需要根据机器人的本身机构特点和悬挂系统的运动约束条件进行运动学分析.本文利用微分扭转法对巡线机器人的正向运动学进行了求解,并通过对机器人悬挂系统的力学分析,得到了机器人运动学的约束条件,并在这种约束条件下,采用了一种可用来进行实时控制的迭代循环坐标下降(CCD)算法,来进行机器人的逆运动学求解.这种迭代算法对于有运动约束系统的逆运动学求解具有较强的适用性,而且它具有较好的收敛性和有效性,适合于在线计算,便于巡线机器人的实时运动控制.     

基于产生式系统和轨迹优化的巡线机器人控制

阐述了一种新型的基于产生式系统控制方法的高压输电线路自动巡线机器人的嵌入式控制系统及其实现.提出了一种基于人工控制规则库和分层规划的产生式系统的控制策略.该控制策略通过人工控制机器人的方法,建立相应的专家规则库,再采用分层规划的方式与手爪的自动微调相结合来实现机器人的自动行走.最后,通过最优算法并结合机器人各个关节伺服系统的运作特性,对机器人运动轨迹进行优化,实现了对巡线机器人的最优控制.     

Feedback control design with vibration suppression for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles

This paper investigates the problem of feedback control design with vibration suppression for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle （FAHV）. FAHV includes intricate coupling between the engine and flight dynamics, as well as complex interplay between flexible and rigid modes, which results in an intractable system for the control design. In this paper, a longitudinal model, which is described by a coupled system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） and partial differential equations （PDEs）, is adopted. Firstly, a linearized ODE model for the rigid part is established around the trim condition, while vibration of the fuselage is described by PDEs. Secondly, based on the Lyapunov direct method, a control law via ODE state feedback and PDE boundary output feedback is designed for the system such that the closed-loop exponential stability is ensured. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.     

A novel path planning and control framework for passive resistance therapy with a robot manipulator

In this article, we present a paradigm for safe path generation and control for a robotic manipulator such that it provides programmable passive resistance therapy to patients with deficits in the upper extremities. When the patient applies an interaction force at the robot's end-effector, a dynamic path generator time parameterises any therapist-specified contour in the robot's workspace–thus, the robot mimics the dynamics of a passive impedance whose anisotropy vector can be continuously reconfigured. The proposed algorithm is easily implementable because it is robust to uncertainty in the robot dynamics. Moreover, the proposed strategy also guarantees user safety by maintaining the net flow of energy during the human robot interaction from the user towards the manipulator.     

Intelligent adaptive observer-based optimal control of overhead transmission line de-icing robot manipulator

In cold season, wet snow ice accretion on overhead transmission lines increases wind load effects which in turn increases line tension. This increased line tension causes undesirable effects in power systems. This paper discusses the design of an observer-based boundary sliding mode control (BSMC) for 3 DOF overhead transmission line de-icing robot manipulator (OTDIRM). A robust radial basis functional neural network (RBFNN) observer-based neural network (NN) controller is developed for the motion control of OTDIRM, which is a combination of BSMC, NN approximation and adaptation law. The RBFNN-based adaptive observer is designed to estimate the positions and velocities. The weights of both NN observer and NN approximator are tuned off-line using particle swarm optimization. Using Lyapunov analysis the closed loop tracking error was verified for a 3 DOF OTDIRM. Finally, the robustness of the proposed neural network-based adaptive observer boundary sliding mode control (NNAOBSMC) was verified against the input disturbances and uncertainties.     

具有谐波抑制与无功补偿功能的光伏并网系统

介绍了一种新型的光伏并网发电系统模型,在并网发电的同时实现了对电网中的无功和谐波的补偿与抑制。基于光伏阵列的等效电路模型,在Matlab仿真环境下,建立光伏阵列的通用仿真模型。利用该模型,设计新型的光伏并网发电系统。该系统将光伏并网系统的发电控制和无功补偿、有源滤波相结合,使得光伏并网发电系统不仅可以并网发电还具有谐波抑制与无功补偿的功能,进而提高电网的供电质量和能力。最后对该系统进行仿真实验验证,仿真结果验证了系统模型的正确性和有效性。     

挠性航天器姿态机动的变结构主动振动抑制

针对挠性航天器大角度姿态机动的振动抑制问题, 提出了一种双回路鲁棒主动振动控制方法. 首先, 对各低阶振动模态设计正位置反馈补偿器, 增加挠性模态的阻尼, 使其振动能够快速衰减; 然后, 基于变结构输出反馈控制理论, 给出控制器的设计方法. 最后, 将该方法应用于挠性航天器姿态机动控制, 仿真结果表明, 所提出的方法是可行而有效的.     

高压输电线除冰机器人的建模及运动控制

针对高压输电线除冰机器人工作环境的特殊性以及工作任务的复杂性,建立了机器人的运动学与动力学模型。在此基础上,通过采用粒子群算法对PID控制器三个参数进行在线寻优,实现了除冰机器人的运动控制。最后针对除冰机器人在斜坡爬行的情况进行仿真实验,证明了所设计的模型与运动控制方法的可行性。     

Modeling and simulation of an artificial muscle and its application to biomimetic robot posture control

The shape memory effect exhibited by Nitinol wire can be utilized to construct an artificial muscle. The muscle is activated by an electric current, which produces heat and initiates a phase transformation. The Nitinol artificial muscle stress–strain–power relationship was determined by experiments, and a mathematical model was developed. The artificial muscle model was utilized for the posture control of a biomimetic underwater robot. The optimal activation patterns for height, pitch, and roll postures were determined. Simulation results for the height postures are in agreement with the experiments. The separation between the center of gravity and the centroid of the robot has a stabilizing effect on pitch and roll postures.     

Robust tracking control of nonholonomic dynamic systems with application to the bi-steerable mobile robot

A tracking controller for nonholonomic dynamic systems is proposed which allows global tracking of arbitrary reference trajectories and renders the closed loop system robust with respect to bounded disturbances. The controller is based on [Chwa, D. (2004). Sliding-mode tracking control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots in polar coordinates. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 12(4), 637-644] and shows several generalizations and improvements. The control law for tracking of general nonholonomic systems using inverse kinematic models (IKM) and sliding surfaces is stated. Conditions are proven under which robust tracking is achieved for a specific system. Tracking control is applied to the bi-steerable mobile robot, and simulation results are presented.     

A behaviour-based architecture with attention control

In this paper we present a behaviour-based mobile robot system for task execution. The behaviour model of this system consists of a number of motion behaviours, including reflexes and voluntary motion behaviours, and knowledge acquisition modules providing supporting information. Execution of a task is regarded as a problem-solving process. A blackboard model is introduced to overcome some shortcomings of the behaviour-based architectures, especially concerning modularity and task execution capability. The concept of attention is introduced in the behaviour control, which is more advantageous than the behaviour control mechanisms presented in the literature. Its introduction results in situation-dependent behaviour coordination. For efficient task execution, environment knowledge is maintained in a memory. Task-achieving behaviour is designed to make use of the memory when available.