Output current ripple reduction of LED driver using ceramic‐capacitor‐input circuit and buck‐boost converter

This article proposes an LED driver that consists of a ceramic‐capacitor‐input rectifier and a buck‐boost converter. The LED driver has an advantage of long life because it does not contain any electrolytic capacitors. However, the issue with electrolytic capacitor‐less LED driver is that the ripple of the smoothed voltage becomes large due to insufficient capacitance of the smoothing capacitor. The proposed method, which uses the discontinuous current mode of a buck‐boost converter, reduces the output current ripple under such conditions. Experimental results using a 5.7 W LED driver prototype demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the output current ripple and that the percent flicker becomes 4.4%, which is smaller than the recommended upper limit of 8%.     

A universal‐input high‐power‐factor power supply without electrolytic capacitor for multiple lighting LED lamps

The AC–DC power supply for LED lighting application requires a long lifetime while maintaining high‐efficiency, high power factor and low cost. However, a typical design uses electrolytic capacitor as storage capacitor, which is not only bulky but also with short life span, thus hampering performance improvement of the entire LED lighting system. In this article, a SEPIC‐derived power factor correction topology is proposed as the first stage for driving multiple lighting LED lamps. Along with a relatively large voltage ripple allowable in a two‐stage design, the proposal of LED lamp driver is able to eliminate the electrolytic capacitor while maintaining high power factor and high efficiency. To further increase the efficiency of LED driver, we introduced and used the twin‐bus buck converter as the second‐stage current regulator with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) dimming function. The basic operating principle and the deign consideration are discussed in detail. A 50‐W prototype has been built and tested to verify the proposal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无电解电容的改进型SEPIC LED照明驱动

高功率白光LED因其高光效、长寿命、环保及小体积等优点,已经引起学术界和工业界的广泛关注,有望成为第四代照明光源。通常LED照明的供电电源除了要求高效率、高功率因数、低成本外,还必须具有高功率密度。然而作为储能的电解电容不但体积较大,而且寿命短,不但影响了电源功率密度的提高而且降低了LED驱动的使用寿命。因此本文在研究分析了现有LED照明驱动的基础上,提出了一种改进型SEPIC变换器,并以此为基础,提出了一种新的LED照明驱动。该LED照明驱动以Twin-Bus Buck变换器作为LED电流调节器,改进型SEPIC PFC作为预处理级。该驱动在满足输入功率因数不低于0.96时,消除了电解电容。一台50W的SEPIC PFC的实验样机的测试结果表明了设计的合理性和可行性。     

An Isolated PFC Zeta-forward Single-stage Single-switch for LED Driver Without Electrolytic Capacitor

Abstract

The high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require an AC/DC converter with power factor correction (PFC). The large output electrolytic capacitor, which is used to minimize the low frequency LED current ripple, degrades the operating lifetime of the LED driver. In order to increase the lifetime of an AC–DC LED driver, the electrolytic capacitor should be eliminated without significantly increasing the output current ripple. In this article, an isolated single-stage single-switch AC/DC high power factor LED driver without electrolytic capacitor is proposed in which a zeta power factor (PF) corrector is integrated with a forward converter. The detailed theoretical analysis and design procedure of the proposed single-stage PFC converter is presented. The experimental results of a 110 V_rms, 21?W prototype verify the theoretical analysis. The input PF is 0.99 in the proposed converter that complies with lighting equipment standards such as IEC-1000-3-2 for class C equipment.     

一种减小储能电容容值的LED驱动器

高亮度发光二极管(简称LED)具有发光能效高、光学性能好、寿命长、环境友好等优点,是极具发展前景的新一代绿色照明光源。但是传统AC供电的LED驱动器中短寿命的电解电容,限制了LED照明光源的长时间使用。提出了一种有偏置的正弦波电流驱动LED,通过理论分析得到,在同样的中间母线电压脉动下,储能电容的容量能够减小到原来的55.8%,从而可以用薄膜电容取代电解电容。     

用于PFC的Buck/Boost有源储能电容变换器研究

针对PFC变换器,推导输入功率因数为1时,储能电容容值与其电压及输出功率的关系,表明容值与直流母线电压及其纹波成反比,与功率成正比。鉴于电容纹波电压受制于直流母线电压平均值,提出采用Buck/Boost有源储能电容变换器取代直流母线电容,增大了其电压变化的自由度,使电容能量实现满充满放,保证输入功率因数为1,能将容值大幅减小,因而可以采用薄膜电容或瓷片电容作为储能电容。分析了该变换器的工作原理,提出了采用输入电压移相以实现所需占空比的SPWM控制方法和实现电路,制作了60 W的样机进行实验验证,实验结果表明所提方法是有效的。     

无电解电容LED驱动电源纹波补偿控制策略综述

随着LED照明领域的不断拓展和人们对健康光源的迫切需要,LED光源的频闪问题备受关注。流经LED光源的纹波电流不但会引起频闪,还会对光度、比色性能和光效等造成不良影响。无电解电容LED驱动电源纹波补偿控制能有效兼顾长寿命和低纹波等性能指标的优化设计,从而为人们提供高效节能且更加健康的LED光源。通过归纳分析无电解电容AC-DC LED驱动电源的关键技术和纹波补偿控制策略,对大功率无电解化LED驱动电源合理化指标要求、拓扑结构、小信号模型、自适应数字电流预测控制、自适应纹波补偿控制和高频能量同步传输控制等进行了展望,并针对工程应用提出了相应的实现思路,以期助推绿色健康LED驱动电源的研究。     

Dimmable MR16 LED drivers with low output ripple and wide duty ratio operating range

In this paper, a novel single‐switch DC–DC converter is proposed for dimmable MR16 light‐emitting diode (LED) drivers. The proposed driver can achieve very low output voltage ripple without using MHz switching frequency; therefore, small non‐electrolytic capacitors can be used to achieve longer lifetime and higher efficiency. Also, because of special merit of the proposed converter, it can be designed so that much wider duty ratio operating range can be achieved for LEDs. Hence, better digital dimming level resolution can be attained. Finally, a prototype driver for MR16 LED lamps is constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the converter. Experimental results show that a maximum efficiency of 92% can be achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New DC Hybrid Filter for Attenuating Low-Frequency Ripple of AC-DC Power Converter

In this article, a new DC hybrid power filter is proposed to attenuate the low–frequency ripple of AC-DC power converter. The proposed DC hybrid power filter is connected between the DC bus of AC-DC power converter and the load, and it composes of a passive power filter and a single-arm power converter. The passive power filter can reduce the voltage rating of single-arm power converter, and the operation of single-arm power converter generates a virtual harmonic resistor connected to the load in series. The DC hybrid power filter can suppress the twice-utility-frequency ripple for eliminating the use of electrolytic capacitor. The salient feature is that the control circuit of the proposed DC hybrid power filter is simplified because only a feedforward control is used. A hardware prototype is developed to validate the performance of the proposed DC hybrid power filter. The experimental results are as expected.     

一种无电解电容照明LED驱动电源设计

LED本身的长寿命对其相应驱动电源的使用寿命提出了很高的要求,而电解电容严重制约了驱动电源的使用寿命,也就使LED的长寿命变得失去意义。为此,提出一种无电解电容的LED驱动电源方案,与其他无电解电容的LED驱动方案相比,提出的拓扑去掉了电解电容且电路结构简单,还可实现高输入功率因数和负载LED无闪频。论述了这种LED驱动方案的工作原理,进行了实验验证。     

Boost型无频闪谐振降压式LED驱动电源分析与设计

传统的二次型Boost功率因数校正变换器只能实现升压输出,在一定程度上限制了其在LED驱动电源中的应用。本文基于二次型Boost变换器提出了一种Boost型无频闪谐振降压式LED驱动电源,并分析了其工作原理及特性。该LED驱动电源利用一个有源开关管将二次型Boost变换器与一个谐振网络进行整合。与传统的二次型Boost变换器相类似,该LED驱动电源可以实现高效率和高功率因数。此外,该LED驱动电源可实现低电流纹波和降压变换输出。最后,搭建了一台84W的实验样机,最高效率可达到92.88%,验证了理论分析的正确性及可行性。     

A long lifetime passive LED driver with power factor correction

In this paper, a novel single stage passive ac to dc converter is first proposed for LED drivers. No controlled active switch, electrolytic capacitors and auxiliary power supply are required in the proposed LED driver. The advantages of the proposed driver include long lifetime, high efficiency and recyclability. In addition, application of the proposed quasi‐resonant circuit enables one to use much smaller capacitance and inductance for the capacitors and inductor to achieve high power factor and compact size. Theoretical analysis of the proposed LED driver is made, and some design guidelines are provided. Finally, a prototype system of 50‐W rating is constructed. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed LED driver. It can be seen that the proposed driver is robust to variations of input voltage, frequency and output load. The features of low cost, long lifetime, robustness and without EMI problem render the proposed driver a very attractive alternative for outdoor applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Current‐fed isolated PFC pre‐regulator for multiple LED lamps with extended lifetime

To emit high‐quality LED light, one or a bin of LED lamp(s) is normally driven by a PWM‐controlled constant current source to minimize device variation and achieve accurate brightness control. Powered from offline AC mains, the front‐end power converters should provide a relatively low DC voltage bus for the inputs of post‐end LED current regulators. To match the long lifetime of LEDs, the whole LED driver (ballast) should work as durably as the LEDs. However, the lifetime of the driver is usually limited by the high‐voltage electrolytic charge storage capacitors used in conventional PFC pre‐regulators. In this paper, our previously proposed resonant current‐fed isolated PFC pre‐regulator is extended to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). It allows the use of the low‐voltage storage capacitors on the transformer secondary, and therefore extends the overall lifetime of the LED lighting system. A detailed procedure for finding the expected lifetime of the low‐voltage electrolytic capacitor is given. As before, the high‐voltage stress on the main switches, which is typical in current‐fed isolated converters, is reduced substantially by taking advantage of the transformer leakage inductance necessary for resonance. Additionally, high efficiency is ensured by the use of dual non‐cascading structures. Steady‐state state‐space averaging analysis is performed for designing the converter in DCM operation. A prototype converter is built to verify performance of the proposed PFC LED pre‐regulator. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种高功率因数低纹波LED驱动电源的研究

针对单级LED驱动电源输出电流低频纹波大的问题,提出了一种基于隔离型交错并联Boost变换器的单级高功率因数LED驱动电源.分析了该驱动电源的工作原理以及低频电流纹波的抑制机理,给出了一种将漏感引起的电压尖峰能量反馈到负载侧,抑制输出侧低频电流纹波的控制策略,并进行了仿真验证.最后设计了一台满载功率为100 W的数字控...     

一种无电解电容的单级复合LED驱动电路

近年来为了提高LED驱动电路转换效率和减小输出纹波,单级复合型电路得到深入研究与应用。针对辅助绕组支路上串联Buck电路的单级反激LED驱动电路,研究了一种输出电流谐波注入方案,以减小输出电容,使得输出电解为高频容所代。首先,介绍单级复合电路的工作原理,推导输出电压纹波与负载电流的关系,分析脉动电流的相位对电容电压纹波的影响,给出负载电流谐波注入方案的设计依据;其次,给出所述方案的实现方式与电路;最后,研制了一台150 W实验样机,验证方案的可行性与有效性。     

单相PFC输出母线电压波动抑制与脉动功率转移技术

采用电解电容抑制单相功率因数校正PFC(power factor correction)输出母线电压波动的方式受到电解电容本身寿命短、体积大等因素限制,难以做到高功率密度以及长时间稳定性。因此,提出一种采用双向升降压电路实现输出母线功率解耦的策略,从而可移除母线处的电解电容。详细分析了解耦电路的基本工作状态,并基于相关参数的设计考虑提出一种新型控制方案,在双闭环的基础上引入输出母线电压波动加权控制,进一步增加在功率解耦支路与输出母线之间转移的脉动功率,减小母线电压纹波,实验结果验证该电路及控制方案的有效性。     

A single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter for electrolytic capacitor‐less LED lighting applications

In this paper, a single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter is proposed. As compared to its counterpart that is composed of totem‐pole boost power factor correction (PFC) cascade fly‐back DC/DC converter, the studied circuit has less components number while overcoming the limits of the totem‐pole type. Thus, it is suitable to the low‐power LED lighting applications. Furthermore, when both PFC inductors L_b and magmatic inductance L_m of the transformer TR1 operate at discontinuous current mode, the bus voltage v_CB can be used to decouple the ac input and constant dc output power. Thus, the approach of increasing bus voltage ripple is employed to eliminate electrolytic capacitors and obtain long operation lifetime. Additionally, it is able to be compatible with our studied twin‐bus configuration for increasing the overall efficiency. A 50‐W hardware prototype has been designed, fabricated, and tested in the laboratory to verify the proposed converter validity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LED驱动电路及多路均流技术探讨

介绍了不同功率级别的LED驱动器常用的几种电路拓扑,探讨了几种去电解电容的LED驱动电路方案以避免电解电容带来的寿命限制,并针对多路LED驱动存在的均流问题,分析了现有的主要均流方法。     

三相无电解电容LED电源

LED作为第4代光源具有其他光源所无法比拟的优势:高效,节能,长寿命等,但传统的LED电源驱动中因普遍使用电解电容,大大缩短了整体LED照明的寿命。为提高LED电源的寿命,针对路灯等大功率照明应用提出了一种三相无电解电容的LED驱动电源的设计方案。三相交流电作为输入,利用三相电之间的相位差,通过驱动电路并行向LED供电,使LED获得恒定的电流从而得到恒定光通量。根据叠加定理,给出了详细的理论推导和证明,并使用Matlab/simulink软件对于所提出的方法进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了该设计方案在无电解电容的情况下能够有效地驱动LED输出恒定光通量。     

无刷直流电机无电解电容控制系统研究

在单相交流电源供电的电机驱动系统中,逆变器的直流母线侧通常并联一个几百或几千微法的电解电容,使用大电解电容稳定了母线电压,然而电解电容存在着寿命短,可靠性低等缺点。因此,本文提出了一种应用于无刷直流电机驱动系统的新型无电解电容功率变换器,该电路实现了电网侧与电机侧的功率解耦,通过功率平衡原理,使得电机侧的功率趋于稳定,并且具有寿命长,电网侧电能质量高等优点。同时,针对无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动大的缺点,在电机侧通过移相控制信号对转矩脉动进行了有效的抑制。最后,分别通过仿真和实验,验证了该无电解电容变换器及其控制算法的有效性。