System Integration Techniques of Sharing and Collaboration among Work-groups, Computers and Processes

Systems Engineering (SE) and Concurrent Engineering (CE) implies sharing of information, data, process and knowledge [20] across different levels in an enterprise. Division of work into classes and then to the work-groups or to the concurrent sub-teams is one form of sharing large organizations like Ford Motor and General Motors have used [29]. Other forms of sharing are governed by the state of computer communications, workstation and database technologies [9]. For accomplishing the needed collaboration (and to facilitate concurrent engineering), several concepts and models for work-group computing were tried at Delphi Divisional units of Electronic Data Systems (EDS) and General Motors. Based on such experiences, the paper describes Systems Engineering and CE techniques for sharing information in a concurrent engineering organization, which has been found most effective for collaborating knowledge among a set of multidisciplinary work-groups, array of computers and processes.     

基于属性结构的本体映射方法

提出基于本体概念属性结构的本体映射方法。从多角度提取本体属性的描述特征,综合处理本体之间属性的映射,形成2个本体共同的属性结构树。利用属性结构树寻找概念属性的层次关系,以度量本体概念间的语义相似度。实验结果表明,属性结构是影响本体映射的因素之一,该方法有效。     

KMS中用户知识共享行为模型的构建

用户知识共享行为是影响知识管理系统KMS（knowledge management systems,KMS）能否取得预期运行效果的关键因素。现有的一些KMS还不具有根据用户日常的知识活动自动评估用户知识共享行为的功能,限制了KMS在知识共享文化形成中的作用。在此从行为和动作的表示入手,基于BNF的行为表示体系、知识共享行为ontology和行为树映射方法,提出了一个动态、实时、自适应、交互式用户知识共享行为模型,该模型包括基于BNF的行为和动作的表示、知识共享行为ontology、用户知识共享行为树及其动态创建过程等内容,能够实现从数量上对用户知识共享的参与度做出评价,可以作为开发实现该功能的Agent程序的一般框架。     

Layers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work

No work is inherently either visible or invisible. We always see work through a selection of indicators: straining muscles, finished artifacts, a changed state of affairs. The indicators change with context, and that context becomes a negotiation about the relationship between visible and invisible work. With shifts in industrial practice these negotiations require longer chains of inference and representation, and may become solely abstract.This article provides a framework for analyzing invisible work in CSCW systems. We sample across a variety of kinds of work to enrich the understanding of how invisibility and visibility operate. Processes examined include creating a non-person in domestic work; disembedding background work; and going backstage. Understanding these processes may inform the design of CSCW systems and the development of related social theory.     

KCHCI：一个CSCW系统框架

本文介绍了在异要型分布式计算环境下工发的一个ＣＳＣＷ系统框架ＫＣＨＣＩ。它为开发多用户协同应用提供了有力的支持层次结构和知识表示的方法的采用，使得在ＫＣＨＣＩ之下开发的协同应用系统具有良好的可移植性和可扩充性。     

学习资源的本体建模研究

本体作为语义 Web 的重要组成部分,在国内外得到了许多科研人员的关注,并被广泛地应用到计算机科学的众多领域,如知识表示、共享和重用.语义建模等方面.在分析课程的知识结构的基础上,建立了相应的本体映射及映射规则,并给出实例分析,最后利用 Protégé3.1 和 Janal.6.1对创建的本体模型进行了验证,以期实现某种程度上的知识共享和重用.     

基于概念的文本结构分析方法

本结构分析是本处理领域中的重要内容,它可以有效地改进本要、本检索以及本过滤的精度、中简要描述了本的物理结构和逻辑结构以及本分析的背景,提出了本结构分析中的层次分析方法。该方法保证了层次是分的有序性,可操作性强,便于解释,不依融于具体领域。其基本思想是对于输入本,首先识别出本的物理结构,然后在概念映射、要领密度和概念消歧的基础上,将本依据主题划分为若干层次;最终获得本的逻     

Collaboration Among Designers: Analysing an Activity for System Development

Workplace studies provide an important input to system development, yet there is no straightforward way of translating empirical results into requirements. This study contributes to the development of methods by reporting an activity theory based approach consisting of (i) field observations, (ii) modelling and (iii) a specific task analysis for system requirements. The research informed the further development of the Build-it system, a multi-user system designed to support co-located interaction between designers in engineering and architecture, and other stakeholders such as clients, operators, or inhabitants. The background research was conducted in four engineering companies and comprised of meeting observations, a questionnaire on design collaboration (n=94) and the analysis of 20 artefacts. The findings indicate that collaboration is of critical importance to the design process, and at least some of the tasks in engineering design could be supported by a system like Build-it. The task analysis for system requirements involved potential users from engineering but extended the scope to other domains, namely architecture and chemical process engineering (n=22). In all three domains a multi-user system like Build-it would be advantageous; however, the specific requirements varied more than expected. The study critically reflects on the use of generic concepts and the process of conducting research for the purpose of understanding work for design.     

Are high‐coherent concept maps better for prior knowledge activation? Differential effects of concept mapping tasks on high school vs. university students

Abstract We investigated whether and how prior knowledge activation improves learning outcomes for high school (less experienced learners) and university students (experienced learners) in a hypertext environment. Map coherence was defined as the extent to which relationships between the concepts in the map were made explicit. Therefore, we classified the mapping task of creating and labelling lines as low‐coherent, and the mapping task of labelling provided lines as high‐coherent. Learners were randomly assigned to the conditions of (1) high‐coherent knowledge activation; (2) low‐coherent knowledge activation; and (3) a baseline condition without prior knowledge activation. We found an overall effect for prior knowledge activation, learning experience, and an interaction between learning experience and the coherence of the prior knowledge activation task on learning outcomes. High school students benefited most from labelling provided lines, while university physics majors benefited most from creating and labelling lines. This interaction effect and effects of the specific mapping tasks on process measures support the claim that different prior knowledge activation tasks are suited for different groups of learners.     

A Case-Based Framework for Interactive Capture and Reuse of Design Knowledge

Aerospace design is a complex task requiring access to large amounts of specialized information. Consequently, intelligent systems that support and amplify the abilities of human designers by capturing and presenting relevant information can profoundly affect the speed and reliability of design generation. This article describes research on supporting aerospace design by integrating a case-based design support framework with interactive tools for capturing expert design knowledge through concept mapping. In the integrated system, interactive concept mapping tools provide crucial functions for generating and examining design cases and navigating their hierarchical structure, while CBR techniques facilitate retrieval and aid interactive adaptation of designs. Our goal is both to provide a useful design aid and to develop general interactive techniques to facilitate case acquisition and adaptation. Experiments illuminate the performance of the system's context-sensitive retrieval during interactive case adaptation and the conditions under which it provides the most benefit.     

基于团队知识共享模型的知识订阅和发布机制

团队成员进行项目开发时需要共享彼此之间的知识,这样能够增加项目的开发效率。针对在Internet环境下进行团队项目开发的特点,提出了一种团队知识共享模型,通过使用本体来描述模型下的知识结构,在此基础上实现知识订阅和发布的形式化表示方法和规则,实验表明,此模型下的知识订阅和发布机制能够加快团队成员之间的知识共享。     

Knowledge exchange in the shrines of knowledge: The “how’s” and “where’s” of knowledge sharing processes

Academic conferences are places of situated learning dedicated to the exchange of knowledge. Knowledge is exchanged between colleagues who are looking to enhance their future research by taking part in several formal and informal settings (lectures, discussions and social events). We studied the processes of knowledge sharing and the influence of the use of IT at the International Conference of Information Systems (ICIS2007) held in Montréal. We describe the categories of knowledge content shared at the conference. Two forms of knowledge sharing were analyzed: formal, guided, planned knowledge sharing in lectures or discussions, and informal knowledge exchange during social events. Data were collected from 274 participants at the conference. The intensity of knowledge sharing in the formal settings was higher compared to the informal settings and was perceived as contributing to future research and to the creation of social relationships. In contrast, informal knowledge sharing contributed mainly to job enhancement and to the initiation of meetings. The discussion centers on planning and evaluating conferences in terms of seeking, creating and sustaining knowledge sharing.     

Supporting Different Dimensions of Adaptability in Workflow Modeling

This paper discusses the theme of workflow systemadaptability in relation to process modeling. Startingfrom a discussion on the role of formal constructs incooperation, the main claim is that adaptabilityinvolves different dimensions of process modeling.These dimensions concern the possibility to flexiblycombine a rich set of basic categories in order toobtain the most suitable language for modeling thetarget business process and the work practices aroundit; to take into account various levels of visibilityof the contexts of definition and use of a processmodel; and finally to allow for temporary as well aspermanent modifications of the process itself.Ariadne, a notation conceived for the above purpose,is illustrated by means of a working example.Moreover, the paper presents the main designprinciples governing Ariadne's implementation.     

知识状态神经推理的知识追踪模型

针对知识追踪研究忽略知识点之间的拓扑关系,从而限制了知识点状态的表示并最终影响预测效果的问题,提出一种知识状态神经推理知识追踪模型。首先建立知识点关系图和知识点状态图;其次利用扩散模型得到关系图和状态图的投影并完成融合;然后利用逆扩散过程得到融合了知识点关系的整体知识状态表示;最后预测学习者的表现。在模型有效性方面,在若干数据集上对比四个相关模型,所提模型均取得了一定的优势。在可解释性方面,展示了知识状态进化过程与真实答题结果之间的对应关系。在实际应用方面,以该模型为基础的智慧学习环境已分别应用于一门人工智能课程和英语语法课程,并取得了优于对比模型的结果。     

本体映射的进化研究

本体映射的进化是本体研究中待研究的课题之一。本文首先给出本体和本体映射形式化定义,在此基础上讨论本体变化后的映射进化方法。将本体变化类型分为删除、增加、修改,针对不同的类型提出本体删除后的映射进化算法、本体增加后的映射进化算法和本体修改后的映射进化算法。实验结果表明该方法能基本解决本体映射的进化问题。最后指出算法中存在的挑战,并给出进一步研究的方向。     

基于知识库分割的多知识库整合方法

知识库是集团企业云制造平台中知识服务的重要基础,知识库的质量直接决定着知识服务的质量。目前单一分散的知识库不能提供统一的知识资源全局视图,不利于知识资源的共享。多知识库整合技术已经成为该领域的研究热点之一。提出一种基于知识库分割的多知识库整合方法,采用基于蚁群聚类的分割策略,将知识库有效划分为知识块集。在知识块间利用语义概念映射生成知识块间映射图,从而实现多知识库整合。通过对算法的时间复杂度进行分析,表明该方法在时间复杂度方面要优于基于最小概念集的多知识库整合方法;实验结果也表明该方法在运行性能方面明显优于已有的方法。     

融合状态关系的知识追踪模型

知识追踪模型建模学习者对每个知识点的状态推断其知识总状态,预测其未来的学习表现。但现有研究在建模知识总状态时,没有融合知识点状态之间的关系,影响了最终的预测效果。针对这一问题,提出一种融合知识点状态关系的知识追踪模型。首先向量化表示数据集中的知识点,构建知识点表示图;其次将知识点表示图扩散至潜式空间以反映其内在结构和本质信息;融合当前时刻的习题与知识点作为引导向量,从知识点表示图的潜式表示中提取知识点状态图;以知识点状态图为基础,推导知识总状态,预测当前习题的表现。通过在三个数据集上对比四个相关模型的实验证明,提出的模型在AUC、ACC和表示质量方面均取得了一定的优势。其中,在 ASSISTments2009数据集上表现最佳,与对比模型中的最优值和最低值比较,AUC分别提升了1.17%、10.57%,ACC分别提升了3.23%、12.17%,表示质量分别提升了1.95%、10.40%。进一步地,可视化地展示了知识点状态及其关系的内部推导过程,以及它们与真实答题结果之间的对应关系,说明模型具备一定的可解释性。同时,将该模型应用于三门课程以预测学生的表现,与相关模型对比取得了更好的结果,说明模型具备一定的实用性。     

基于网格LSTM混合算法的地质领域用户意图识别

针对传统基于模板匹配、关键词共现、人工特征集合等方法的问答机器人存在用户意图识别耗时、费力且扩展性不强的问题,本文结合地质领域文献中结构化知识问答的复杂特点,使用了基于网格记忆网络(LSTM+CRF+Lattice)与基于卷积神经网络(CNN)融合的优化模型.该模型将用户询问意图识别看作分类问题,首先使用网格记忆网络进...     

机械产品概念设计中的知识表示

研究了计算机辅助概念设计中的关键技术——知识表示．将行为域引入公理化设计作为功能域和载体域之间的转换桥梁,针对该域结构定义扩展“之”字映射,建立了不同层次功能、行为和载体之间的映射关系;构造了概念设计方案的知识表示模型——域结构模板;针对一类产品的知识表示模型——概念空间,给出了基于概念空间的概念设计方案生成过程．最后以工业平缝机为例对所述模型和方法加以说明。