Hydrogen Storage on Carbon-Based Adsorbents and Storage at Ambient Temperature by Hydrogen Spillover

Hydrogen storage is a crucially missing link to a future “hydrogen economy.” Extensive hydrogen storage studies have been focused on carbon-based adsorbents due to their light weight, high surface area, and tailorable structure. An overview/analysis of the progress on hydrogen storage on various carbon-based adsorbents is given in this review. Particularly, a recent, fast-developing research direction—hydrogen storage via spillover on carbons via added catalysts — is reviewed separately. A fundamental understanding of the factors that affect both H₂ and spillover hydrogen storage capacities, as well as strategies for improving the storage performance from the viewpoints of both hydrogen storage and materials chemistry, are discussed.     

Influence of Storage Temperature on the Composition and the Antibacterial Activity of Ozonized Sunflower Oil

The use of ozonized vegetable oils as drugs or cosmetics requires having data on their stability over the time. In this study, ozonized sunflower oil was stored under different temperatures for up to 1 year. Peroxide index, acidity value, gas chromatography profile, infrared profile and antibacterial activity (against Streptococcus uberis) of this ozonized oil were followed. The results highlight the fact that the better way to preserve the initial composition of ozonized oil is to keep it at low temperature. However, the antibacterial activity is not diminished by the changes occurring to the composition.     

Study on Reduction of Water Activity and Storage Stability for Dehydrated Brassica parachinensis with Intermediate Moisture

Selection of the agents for reducing water activity (a_w) of Brassica parachinensis with intermediate moisture contents (23.01% w.b.) and the storage stability at 4, 20, and 37°C using different packaging methods were studied. The a_w-lowering agent for the dehydrated Brassica parachinensis with intermediate moisture was optimized: 8% glucose, 4% lactose, 2% sodium chloride, and 7.5% maltodextrin. Storage experiments showed that vacuum packaging or storage in darkness can reduce the loss of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll and delay the browning process. The overall quality of dehydrated Brassica parachinensis with intermediate moisture stored at 4° was better than at 20 and 37°C. Microbial analysis showed that an a_w value of 0.69–0.70 was safe for dehydrated Brassica parachinensis with intermediate moisture.     

Effect of Different Drying Methods and 24-Month Storage on Water Activity,Rehydration Capacity,and Antioxidants in Boletus edulis Mushrooms

This article evaluates the effect of air drying, freeze drying, and 24-month storage at 4 and 20 ^° C on unblanched and blanched Boletus edulis . Water content and activity were lower in freeze-dried mushrooms than in air-dried mushrooms, whereas rehydration capacity showed the opposite tendency. Drying resulted in substantial losses of the following antioxidants: total flavonoids (4–7%), vitamin C (2–36%), β-carotene (26–32%), and total tocopherols (72–81%); total polyphenols increased during air drying (7–17%) and decreased during freeze drying (5–7%). Antioxidant activity increased 1–33% during drying. Storage led to further changes in the quality of dried mushrooms. After 24 months, no vitamin C or tocopherols were detected, and water content and activity were moderately high.     

Effect of Ozone on Fruit Quality and Fungicide Residue Degradation in Apples during Cold Storage

ABSTRACT

The potential of the ozone-enriched atmosphere for the improvement of the shelf life of apples of Gloster variety (Malus domestica) in cold storage was investigated. The storage experiment was conducted for 84 days. During that period, ozone at the concentration of 1 ppm was dosed every 12 hours for 1 minute. However, the exposure to ozone at such a concentration was unsuccessful in terms of inhibition of fungal disease development. Furthermore, the captan level in apples was reduced; therefore, they were more susceptible to fungal disease. On the other hand, the tests of the physical properties showed that utilization of ozone slowed down the ripening of apples; therefore, extending their shelf life provided that they were not infected.     

水对石油化工储罐沸溢的影响及处理方案

原油具有热波特性,原油罐发生火灾时会产生沸溢,根据对大庆、胜利和中原原油的燃烧试验,分析了原油罐沸溢的3种情况:水垫层沸溢、自由水团沸溢和乳化水沸溢,给出了乳化水沸溢的含水率条件,介绍了预测沸溢的方法。     

储罐区消防冷却喷淋装置设计探讨

结合设计实践 ,对可燃液体立式储罐区消防冷却水量的计算及计算中应注意的问题加以论述 ,同时 ,对在配管设计中应注意的问题提出探讨性意见 ,以利完善今后的消防设计     

固相萃取GC-MS测定水中16种农药的研究

文章将C18和Sep-pak Porapak Rox固相萃取小柱活化后联用富集水中16种农药,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,浓缩这16种农药,确定各农药的保留时间和定量离子,用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)选择离子模式进行分析测定,分析了各农药的工作曲线线性、回收率和精密度。结果表明,各农药的工作曲线线性、回收率和精密度较好,线性相关系数在0.994～0.999之间,回收率在68.9%～109.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.6%。     

关于中药水提液的粘度特征及其与膜通量的相关性初步研究

研究中药水提液的粘度对无机陶瓷膜微滤中药水提液膜通量的影响及中药水提液在微滤前后粘度变化规律。制备约200种中药（单味及复方）水提液为实验体系,在温度、压力、膜面流速恒定的条件下分别过0．2μmZrO2无机陶瓷膜,测定不同中药水提液的膜稳定通量及微滤前原液、微滤后渗透液、截留液的粘度,并用SPSS对它们的相关性进行分析。结果表明中药水提液的粘度与膜稳定通量有很大的相关性,微滤后渗透液的粘度减小且不同水提液粘度差异性变小,截留液粘度增大、且截留液粘度、粘度变化率与原液粘度呈高度显著线形相关。粘度是影响无机陶瓷膜微滤中药水提液膜通量的关键因素,在中药膜污染的防治过程中可通过提取路线的设计或对药液进行预处理降低药液的粘度从而提高膜通量,减少膜污染。     

低水温SBR工艺基质降解动力学研究

基于Monod方程和工艺特点,本文对SBR基质降解动力学进行了理论推导,并通过实验确定和验证了在低水温下的降解模型t=((S0-Se)/(9.048×10-4Xv(Se-18.02))),这对测算最佳反应时间和指导实际运行具有重大意义。     

A Comparison of the Levels of Oil,Carotenoids, and Lipolytic Enzyme Activities in Modern Lines and Hybrids of Grain Sorghum

Carotenoids are potentially valuable components in grain sorghum and there is a need to better understand their concentration, composition, and value. Thirteen modern commercial grain sorghum hybrids and five sorghum lines were extracted and analyzed and the levels of oil and carotenoids were compared. The same samples were also evaluated for lipolytic enzyme activity. The oil content in all eighteen samples ranged from 3.21 to 4.29 wt%. Lutein and zeaxanthin were the predominant carotenoids and the levels of total carotenoids ranged from 3.82 to 19.5 ppm in the oil, which was much lower than the levels of total carotenoids in two yellow corn samples (70.8 and 103 ppm). Lipolytic enzyme activity was estimated by storing milled kernel samples for 2 weeks at 25 °C and measuring the levels of total free fatty acids. After 2 weeks, the levels of free fatty acids in the oil of the eighteen sorghum samples ranged from 11.49 and 52.17 wt%, compared to 10.29 and 17.54 wt% in oil from the two corn samples. This new data will be useful for persons using grain sorghum for food, biofuels and other industrial applications. Examples of sorghum genotypes with high and low levels of carotenoids and high and low levels of lipolytic enzymes were both identified.     

Effect of Ligusticum wallichii Aqueous Extract on Oxidative Injury and Immunity Activity in Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Rats

We investigated the efficacy of Ligusticum wallichi aqueous extract (LWE) for myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were fed for five weeks with either a control diet (sham and ischemia reperfusion (IR) model control groups) or a diet mixed with 0.2%, 0.4% or 0.6% Ligusticum wallichi extract. At the end of the five week period, hearts were excised and subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. The hearts were compared for indices of oxidative stress and immunity activities. Administration of Ligusticum wallichi extract significantly decreased serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, NO, MIP-1α, CRP and myocardium MDA levels, and serum CK, LDH and AST activities, and increased myocardium Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, NOS, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and TAOC activities. The results indicate that Ligusticum wallichii extract treatment can enhance myocardial antioxidant status and improve the immunity profile in ischemic-reperfusion rats.     

低温投产过程中罐内原油温度变化规律研究

建立了5×10~4m~3浮顶油罐低温投产过程的数值计算模型,利用Fluent计算流体动力学软件,对不同工况下原油的流动及传热过程进行数值模拟。计算得到不同工况下罐内原油的温度变化规律,为制定浮顶油罐低温投产运行方案提供理论依据。     

碱性环境下粉煤灰活性的温度效应研究

研究了温度效应对饱和石灰水环境下低钙粉煤灰的活性率及其颗粒表面微观（SEM）形貌的影响,以及蒸养环境下温度效应对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料体系的3d强度及水化产物（XRD）的影响。结果表明：饱和石灰水环境下,粉煤灰活性组分（活性SiO2、Al2O3）的溶出量随温度的升高而增加,且粉煤灰活性率在60-80℃区间出现较大跃升。各温度中60℃最适合本试验条件下水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料体系的蒸汽养护。     

低温常压LPG储存及布置的探讨

简述ＬＰＧ 储库采用低温储存的经济合理性和安全可靠性;介绍参照执行的有关标准规范,并对低温ＬＰＧ 储罐布置进行探讨。     

Effects of Spray Drying Temperature and Additives on the Stability of Serine Alkaline Protease Powders

In this study, after production by recombinant Bacillus subtilis (BGSC-1A751), carrying pHV1431::subc gene in the complex medium and separation of solids from the fermentation broth, serine alkaline protease (SAP) was dried in order to investigate the stabilization during spray drying and subsequent storage. The effect of air inlet temperature of the spray dryer between T = 70 and 130°C and the effect of protective additives, glucose and maltodextrin, at 0–2% (w/v) on SAP activity during spray drying and storage stability of obtained SAP powders at 4°C for a long period (6 months) were evaluated. Increasing drying air inlet temperature generally resulted in an increase in activity loss; moreover, higher absorbance peaks observed at wave number 1061 cm^?1 of the IR spectrums when drying temperature is increased indicates the structural change in the SAP molecule. In most cases presence of additives provided higher activities both after drying and during storage period compared to no additive case. Drying the enzyme with 1% (w/v) glucose at T = 110°C resulted in the highest enzyme activity after drying and storage processes.     

Effect of Simulated Thermo-Degradation on the Carotenoids, Tocopherols and Antioxidant Properties of Tomato and Paprika Oleoresins

Color quality is the economical key factor for oily extracts, also referred to as oleoresins, obtained from carotenogenic fruits and vegetables for application in foodstuffs. However, this organoleptic property is not the only attribute as carotenoids develop some bioactive actions, which provide a beneficial effect on health. It has been suggested that reaching some oxidation level during processing enhances the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals, including carotenoids, so that knowledge of the impact of thermal processing in the redox state and antioxidant activity is significant. During thermal degradation of carotenoids in tomato and paprika oleoresins the coloring content, redox state and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. The lipid profile and tocopherol content were similar in both oily extracts but significant differences were observed on functional properties derived from carotenoid activity. The initial antioxidant capacity was similar for both carotenoid extracts, tomato oleoresin kept higher antioxidant capacity values (DPPH test) than paprika oleoresin, although the degradation rate was significantly higher for lycopene, while carotenoids of paprika oleoresin degraded slowly. Paprika oleoresin showed a higher antioxidant activity (hydrogen peroxide test) than tomato oleoresin. Carotenoid degradation products may participate on radical scavenging reactions but efficiency depends on the radical species and structure of degradation products produced during thermal degradation.     

Influences of Drying and Storage of Lycopene-Rich Carrots on the Carotenoid Content

ABSTRACT

The stability of β-carotene and lycopene was investigated during convective air and inert gas drying, microwave vacuum drying, and freeze-drying for lycopene containing carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. Nutri Red). After convection drying at temperatures below 70°C, β-carotene and lycopene contents remained unchanged independent of the drying medium. Freeze-drying did not show any advantage to convection-drying regarding carotenoid retention. Microwave vacuum–drying led to dry products with high carotenoid retention within very short drying times of about 2 h. Storage in air and in inert gas (nitrogen) containers was studied for convection-dried products, observing a better retention of carotenoids when using inert gas for a period of up to 6 months. After convection- and microwave vacuum–drying, an even better carotenoid extractability could be observed. No changes in the isomere fractions could be detected in any case.     

Effect of Microwave-Vacuum Drying on the Carotenoids Retention of Carrot Slices and Chlorophyll Retention of Chinese Chive Leaves

Microwave-vacuum drying, and combined microwave-vacuum with air or vacuum drying were investigated as potential methods for drying green and high-carotenoid vegetables of Chinese chive leaves and carrot slices. The samples were dried by microwave-vacuum until the moisture content reached about 20% (wet basis), and then by conventional air drying at the temperature of 45-50°C or conventional vacuum drying at the temperature of 55-60°C or by continued microwave-vacuum drying at lower power level to final moisture content about 6% (wet basis). The carotenoid retention of carrot slices and chlorophyll retention of Chinese chive leaves, dried by these methods, was evaluated and compared with those dried by freeze-drying and conventional hot-air drying. The comparison showed that the carotenoid retention of carrot slices and chlorophyll retention of chive leaves, dried by the current methods, was very close to or even as much as those dried by freeze-drying and much better than those dried by conventional hot-air. Blanching was not necessary when using microwave-vacuum drying or combined microwave-vacuum with conventional hot-air drying or vacuum drying, because the activity of enzymes which were responsible for the degradation of color was greatly reduced with extremely rapid decreasing of moisture, and because oxygen was absent in microwave-vacuum drying.