纺织、造纸工业用酶的研制

山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室、湖南苎麻技术研究中心和中国科学院微生物研究所合作完成了“纺织、造纸工业用酶”专题的攻关任务,研制出纺织、造纸工业用酶制剂4个新品种:纺织工业用纤维素酶整理剂、造纸工业用草浆酶法改性剂、木聚糖酶纸浆漂白助剂和生物酶法废纸脱墨剂。用于改进棉麻织物品质,提高了产品附加值;用于制浆漂白可减少氯污染,提高草浆质量,替代部分木浆生产高档纸制品;用于处理废纸生产脱墨纸浆,获得了工业规模生产试验的成功。既为酶制剂工业增加了新酶种,又为用生物技术改造纺织、造纸等传统产业打下了基础。     

高浓度制浆造纸废水的深度治理技术

采用混凝沉淀＋高级氧化为主体工艺对制浆造纸废水进行深度处理,实践表明,出水水质满足《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》（GB3544-2008）的新要求。     

草浆造纸废水处理的工艺研究

应用浸没燃烧浮选木质素、絮凝除硅、软填料和灰渣过滤工艺过程对草浆造纸废水进行处理研究,确定了最佳工艺条件为：浮选木质素的ｐＨ值为３、絮凝沉降的ｐＨ值为９～１０。各项指标均达到国家规定的排放标准。估算吨水成本为０．６５元,技术经济可行。     

制浆造纸厂实行生物炼制的可行性

生物炼制是解决石化资源紧缺的新途径,而制浆造纸厂是生物炼制技术最容易实现产业化的平台。文章综述了制浆造纸厂中半纤维素、木质素、松节油、妥尔油等废弃生物质进行生物炼制的可行性及存在的问题,并对发展前景作了展望。     

几种高级氧化技术处理造纸黄液的比较研究

比较研究了工业废水处理中使用较多的几种高级氧化技术处理造纸黄液的情况,只有催化氧化混凝体系效果较好,其余不是太理想。分析了可能的原因,并提出了有待改进的方法。     

Detection,Diagnosis and Root Cause Analysis of Sheet‐Break in a Pulp and Paper Mill with Economic Impact Analysis

Sheet‐break is a long standing problem in the pulp and paper industry. This study is concerned with the analysis of process data to diagnose causes of sheet‐breaks and therefore significant down times. PCA was used to model the process and a combined index based on the Hotelling's T² and Squared Prediction Error (SPE) was developed as a sheet‐break detection indicator. As the process is subject to external disturbances, changes and frequent interruptions, pre‐processing of the data played an important role in getting consistent results. We used several novel techniques for data selection, scaling and modelling. The models were validated using a large validation data set with known fault conditions. The developed model, data visualization tool and engineering judgement was used for off‐line diagnosis of root causes of sheet‐breaks. Several operational changes were recommended and implemented on the process resulting in significantly reduced sheet‐breaks. Key Performance Indicators calculated before and after the changes shows the significant economic gain as a result of this 'data‐mining' project.     

Interactions between Polymers and Insoluble Materials in the Detergents' Matrices

Polycarboxylated polymers have a strong tendency to adsorb on a large variety of surfaces. Among the surfaces of interest in detergency, insoluble materials in water are those which cause, in general, most of the washing problems. The insoluble materials may come from the intentional addition of them into the detergent (e.g. zeolites and abrasive ingredients) or may be formed during the washing process itself (e.g. Ca carbonate and Ca phosphate salts).     

卷烟纸用阔叶木浆热解行为研究

采用热分析以及热裂解气相色谱/质谱联用仪研究了卷烟纸用阔叶木浆的热解行为。在空气氛围中,将阔叶木浆分别在350、383、440和500℃下进行热裂解,并以GC/MS对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析。发现阔叶木浆可裂解出3-戊烯-2-酮、糠醛、2-甲基-苯酚和壬酸等47种产物。低温（350℃）下,裂解产物组分主要为醛类和呋喃类化合物,且随着裂解温度的增加,醛类和呋喃类的相对含量逐渐下降。酮类和酸类的相对含量随裂解温度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,440℃达到最大值。在此温度下,阔叶木浆的热解产物对卷烟香气是最有利的。500℃时开始出现2-甲基萘等有害物质,酚类的种类和含量均增加。致香成分的减少和有害物质的增加主要是高温纤维素芳环化的结果。     

造纸工业消泡剂概况及进展

概述了造纸工业消泡剂的现状及进展情况, 介绍了脂肪酸酰胺、聚醚、有机硅三类消泡剂的组成和性能特点, 并简要阐述了消泡剂的发展趋势。     

废纸脱墨浆预处理及其酶解性能研究

以预处理后的废纸脱墨浆为底物,纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶为水解酶,研究了不同预处理方法（包括Na₂SO₃、H₂O₂、HCl）对酶解得率的影响。结果表明：与原料相比,3种预处理方法都不同程度地提高了纤维素含量,增加底物的比表面积,降低纤维素的结晶度,促进酶水解;其中,H₂O₂预处理后的废纸脱墨浆的酶解得率最高,为91.67%,其次是亚硫酸钠预处理和盐酸预处理,得率分别为87.57%和82.49%。     

活性炭纸浆静态吸附-DDO光度法测定矿石中的铂

采用在一定酸度下的活性炭,纸浆完成对矿石中的铂的富集,用DDO光度法测定铂的量。     

废胶粉和锯末对废纸浆性能的影响

试验研究废胶粉和锯末对废纸浆性能的影响.结果表明:废胶粉/废纸浆、锯末/废纸浆和废胶粉/锯末/废纸浆复合材料的物理性能提高,且废胶粉/废纸浆复合材料的物理性能优于废胶粉/锯末/废纸浆复合材料,因此以废胶粉改性废纸浆效果较好.废胶粉/废纸浆复合材料的最佳配方为:废纸浆100(干基计),废胶粉8,防老剂D 0.2,硫黄0.2,促进剂M 0.2;最佳固化条件为150℃/10 MPa×30 min.此时材料表面比较光滑,结构紧密,排列比较均匀,废胶粉与废纸浆的相容性较好.     

卷烟纸中碳酸钙含量的测定

采用离子色谱对卷烟纸中碳酸钙含量进行测定。检测限为0.007 mg/g,回收率为95.2%～99.5%,精密度为0.6%。     

对煤沥青中喹啉不溶物分析方法的改进

针对在试验过程中发现煤沥青中喹啉不溶物分析结果偏高的现象,根据煤沥青中甲苯不溶物的测定原理,找到造成这种现象的原因,然后从不同的角度进行试验,最终摸索出一套分析煤沥青中喹啉不溶物含量的简单、经济、可行的方法。     

富马酸亚铁快速定性分析方法的探讨

针对富马酸的将点,利用纸上层析法以磷酸为溶剂测定富马酸亚铁中的富马酸,其检测结果可靠,检测方法重复性好,操作简捷,检测实验所需设备简单,成本低。此法能够简单而有效地对富马酸进行定性分析,实用性较强,尤其适用于中小饲料企业或市场监督部门对以富马酸亚铁为添加剂、补血剂的饲料产品进行鉴别。     

Emerging Biodrying Technology for the Drying of Pulp and Paper Mixed Sludges

Effective sludge management is increasingly critical for pulp and paper mills due to high landfill costs and complex regulatory frameworks for options such as sludge landspreading and composting. Sludge dewatering challenges are exacerbated at many mills due to improved in-plant fiber recovery coupled with increased production of secondary sludge, leading to a mixed sludge with a high proportion of biological matter that is difficult to dewater. Various drying technologies have emerged to address this challenge of sludge management, whose objective is to increase the dryness of mixed sludge to above critical levels (≈42% dryness) for efficient and economic combustion in the boiler for steam generation. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are reviewed in this article, and it is found that many have significant technical uncertainties and/or questionable economics. A biodrying process, enhanced by biological heat generation under forced aeration, is introduced that has significant promise. A techno-economic analysis of the batch biodrying process at a case study mill showed an annual operating cost savings of about $2 million, including the elimination of landfilling practices and supplemental fuel requirements in the boiler. It was shown that if a biodrying residence time of less than 4 days can be achieved, payback periods of 2 years or less can result in many mills. The potential for the development of a continuous biodrying reactor and the fundamentals of its mathematical modeling are thus presented. Compared to the batch reactor configuration, it is expected that the continuous process would result in improved process flexibility and controllability, lower investment and operating costs due to shorter residence times, and an improved potential to fit into the crowed pulp and paper mill site.     

Emerging Biodrying Technology for the Drying of Pulp and Paper Mixed Sludges

Effective sludge management is increasingly critical for pulp and paper mills due to high landfill costs and complex regulatory frameworks for options such as sludge landspreading and composting. Sludge dewatering challenges are exacerbated at many mills due to improved in-plant fiber recovery coupled with increased production of secondary sludge, leading to a mixed sludge with a high proportion of biological matter that is difficult to dewater. Various drying technologies have emerged to address this challenge of sludge management, whose objective is to increase the dryness of mixed sludge to above critical levels (≈42% dryness) for efficient and economic combustion in the boiler for steam generation. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are reviewed in this article, and it is found that many have significant technical uncertainties and/or questionable economics. A biodrying process, enhanced by biological heat generation under forced aeration, is introduced that has significant promise. A techno-economic analysis of the batch biodrying process at a case study mill showed an annual operating cost savings of about $2 million, including the elimination of landfilling practices and supplemental fuel requirements in the boiler. It was shown that if a biodrying residence time of less than 4 days can be achieved, payback periods of 2 years or less can result in many mills. The potential for the development of a continuous biodrying reactor and the fundamentals of its mathematical modeling are thus presented. Compared to the batch reactor configuration, it is expected that the continuous process would result in improved process flexibility and controllability, lower investment and operating costs due to shorter residence times, and an improved potential to fit into the crowed pulp and paper mill site.     

造纸行业的清洁生产技术与措施分析

分析了我国造纸行业的污染现状,提出了推行清洁生产是造纸行业可持续发展的必要条件。然后从革新工艺与降污减废以及污染治理与废物利用两个方面系统阐明了推行造纸行业清洁生产的技术、措施及其环境经济效益,归纳了推行清洁生产的政策与管理方法,旨在对造纸业发展及实施污染治理工程技术有借鉴作用。     

不溶性硫磺合成方法及生产工艺研究进展

文章介绍了不溶性硫磺的性质、形成机理及合成方法,并对生产过程中高温硫磺淬冷、固化、萃取、充油等工序工艺条件的选取作了较详细的讨论,指出了高含量（高转化率）、高温稳定性、高分散性、低静电、防爆、防腐、节能环保是不溶性硫磺产品未来的发展方向。     

一种氯乙酸生产中控分析的新方法

以重氮甲烷为酯化剂,用气相色谱法对氯乙酸生产的中控分析进行了研究。反应液酯化处理后,在柱温１５０℃,以１０％ＳＥ－３０／白色硅烷化１０１担体作固定相进行色谱分析。结果与化学法测定值的绝对误差为±０．５１％,各组分测定值的标准偏差≤０．５２。该方法可用于氯乙酸生产过程的中间控制。