自动交互图像分割中的贝叶斯网络模型构建

由于贝叶斯模型和各种图像测量结果,置信传播会更新每个节点的相关概率,提出了在自动交互图像分割过程中应用的新型贝叶斯网络模型。从过度分割模型中的超级像素点区域、边区域、顶点和测量结果之间的统计相关性来构造多层贝叶斯网络模型。除了自动图像分割,贝叶斯网络模型也可用于交互式图像分割中,现有交互分割往往被动地依靠用户提供的准确调整,提出新型主动输入选择方式作为准确调整。实验采用Weizmann数据集和VOC 2006图像集来评估,实验结果表明贝叶斯网络模型可以进行效果更好的自动分割,主动输入选择可以提高整体分割精度。     

勾画式交互的网格模型分割

提出一种基于区域增长的交互三维网格模型分割方法。在区域增长的基础上,首先由用户利用基于勾画的交互方式选定部分顶点作为目标和背景,其余顶点作为未知区域,利用区域增长的方法自动生成目标的边界,从而完成模型的分割。此方法中边界顶点分割结果的好坏直接影响到了最终的分割结果,因此,在利用区域增长方法形成边界时,将既与目标相邻又与背景相邻的顶点标记为特殊点,在其余未知部分分割完成之后,重新对特殊点进行一次区域增长算法。此时由于大部分顶点的状态已经确定,获得的边界将更为准确。实验表明分割结果有了很大程度的改进。     

基于 Live-Wire交互式医学图像分割算法研究及实现 *

提出一种改进的 Live-Wire算法 ,结合迭代阈值分割算法对医学图像进行交互式分割。改进的算法避免了传统的 Live-Wire算法对噪声敏感、不能有效地区分强弱边缘的缺点 ,并且减少了动态规划寻找最优路径的时间和盲目性 ,在不增加算法复杂度的同时 ,提高了图像分割的准确性。     

基于GAC模型实现交互式图像分割的改进算法

提出了一种改进的交互式图像分割算法。采用全变分去噪模型对图像进行预处理,在去除噪声的同时更好地保护了边缘;提出了一种对梯度模值进行曲率加权的边缘检测方法,采用该方法获得图像的边缘点集;将边缘点集中曲率较大的边缘点作为候选边界点推荐给用户;用户通过主观判断,在候选边界点中选择合适的"初始边界点",算法便可采用GAC模型完成对目标的分割。实验结果表明,改进算法提高了交互式图像分割的自动化程度,有效地减少了交互过程中的人工参与量。     

基于交互模糊特征提取的3维流场可视化研究

特征可视化方法具有简化复杂流场表示、突出流场特征的特点,在复杂流场可视化中具有重要作用。传统特征可视化方法通常采用自动化提取方法,不能有效结合用户知识与经验,无法满足用户的交互需求。考虑复杂流场特征区域精确界定的困难,提出一种交互式模糊特征提取算法,实现了对流场特征的交互式提取与可视化。首先基于模糊理论,给出了3维流场特征的模糊描述模型,然后交互式模糊特征提取算法与实现。应用所开发的交互式模糊特征提取可视化系统证明,它不仅可以充分发挥用户优势,有效提取数据特征,适时获取对象特征,还可以有效表现数据集客观不确定性的本质。     

3D object segmentation using B-Surface

3D object segmentation is important in computer vision such as target detection in biomedical image analysis. A new method, called B-Surface algorithm, is generated for 3D object segmentation. An improved 3D external force field combined with the normalized GVF is utilized. After the initialization of a surface model near the target, B-Surface starts to deform to locate the boundary of the object. First, it overcomes the difficulty that comes from analyzing 3D volume image slice by slice. And the speed of B-Surface deformation is enhanced since the internal forces are not needed to compute in every iteration deformation step. Next, the normal at every surface point can be calculated easily since B-Surface is a continuous deformable model. And it has the ability to achieve high compression ratio (ratio of data to parameters) by presenting the whole surface with only a relatively small number of control points. Experimental results and analysis are presented in this paper. We can see that the B-Surface algorithm can find the surface of the target efficiently.     

改进的交互式Otsu红外图像分割算法

为提高红外图像中目标分割的精度和抗噪性能,提出了一种改进的交互式Otsu图像分割算法。采用图像信息熵特征和类间方差特征对经典Otsu算法的阈值判别函数进行改进,获得的最优阈值能较好地将目标从背景中分割出来,且具有良好的边缘保持效果,提高了算法的分割精度。同时,针对红外图像目标单一的特点,采用交互式粗分割的思路,先在红外图像中提取包含目标的局部封闭区域,进而在提取的区域内进行改进的Otsu分割。通过对红外图像激光光斑目标提取过程的实验结果表明：改进的Otsu分割算法大大降低了背景噪声对分割算法的影响,提高了抗噪性能与分割精度,且最大程度地减少分割算法的运算量,并较好地保持了目标模糊边缘,分割效果优于传统的Otsu算法和相关的改进Otsu算法。     

基于运动估计的交互式医学图像序列分割

针对医学图像难以自动分割,而医学图像序列采用手工分割时工作量巨大、效率低的问题,提出了一种新的交互式图像序列分割方法.在计算机的辅助下,用手工精确地描画出第一幅图像中对象的边界轮廓.后续图像的分割曲线用运动估计的方法自动得到.每完成一幅图像的分割用户都可以检查分割效果,如果不满意则可用手工修正.这个过程重复进行,直到整个图像序列分割完毕.实验结果表明,该方法能精确、快速地实现医学图像序列的分割.     

图像分割的自适应交互核图割模型

为了克服图割模型算法在实现图像分割时需要人为选定参数,以及图割模型可能会陷入局部最小值的不足,考虑到交互图割是一种灵活的全局最优算法,提出了基于EM方法的交互核图割算法。数据映射到核空间,构造了新的目标函数,这样可以更有效地解决分类分割问题;为了估计交互图割所需要的参数以及图割算法所需要的各种阈值,采用EM算法来估计这些参数,避免人为随机选取可能造成的不利影响,因而该方法是一种自适应的分割算法。实验结果表明,相对于交互图割算法,该算法分割合成图像时具有更低的误分率,处理光学等图像时,分割结果更准确,保留图像细节信息的能力更强。     

Rule-based trajectory segmentation for modeling hand motion trajectory

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective method of modeling hand gestures based on the angles and angular change rates of the hand trajectories. Each hand motion trajectory is composed of a unique series of straight and curved segments. In our Hidden Markov Model (HMM) implementation, these trajectories are modeled as a connected series of states analogous to the series of phonemes in speech recognition. The novelty of the work presented herein is that it provides an automated process of segmenting gesture trajectories based on a simple set of threshold values in the angular change measure. In order to represent the angular distribution of each separated state, the von Mises distribution is used. A likelihood based state segmentation was implemented in addition to the threshold based method to ensure that the gesture sets are segmented consistently. The proposed method can separate each angular state of the training data at the initialization step, thus providing a solution to mitigate the ambiguities on initializing the HMM. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by the higher recognition rates in the experiments compared to the conventional methods.     

三维交互界面中垂直多层交互技术的研究

目的:在Leap Motion硬件的垂直操作区域,通过手的不同高度来操作映射在屏幕上的多层离散的目标选择任务,得出适合用户操作的层数,以及相应的人因分析与讨论。方法:首先通过实验得出用户常用的垂直操作范围,再在常用范围的基础上进行分层实验,并且通过选择任务所花费的时间和任务困难度ID进行线性分析,证明是否适应Fitts’law模型。结果:通过实验发现,任务困难度对任务时间在全视觉反馈和半视觉反馈下的线性拟合度分别为0.766和0.771,所以Fitts’law模型对于分层交互界面下的多层离散的目标选择任务并不适用,并且通过时间和错误率的相关数据分析得出了在全视觉反馈和半视觉反馈下的用户可操作的最大可分层数分别为20层和18层,本文结论可为基于多层的三维界面的应用场景的技术设计提供必要的设计准则。     

视触觉融合的增强现实三维注册方法

增强现实技术是近年来人机交互领域的研究热点.在增强现实环境下加入触觉感知,可使用户在真实场景中看到并感知到虚拟对象.为了实现增强现实环境下与虚拟对象之间更加自然的交互,提出一种视触觉融合的三维注册方法.基于图像视觉技术获得三维注册矩阵;借助空间转换关系求解出触觉空间与图像空间的转换关系;结合两者与摄像头空间的关系实现视...     

三维人体点云模型多约束肢体分割

针对人体点云模型的肢体分割这一动作识别和虚拟重建领域的重要问题,提出了一种基于分类骨架线、测地距离、特征点和姿态分析的多约束肢体分割算法,通过生成点云模型的分类骨架线,配合测地距离获得人体各部位粗分割点云集,利用测地路径方法实现关键特征点的定位,并利用曲线拟合方式进行定位优化,针对头颈、上肢、下肢和躯干之间关联部位的解剖学特征,构造多种约束条件,对各部位粗分割点云集进行了优化再分割。实验结果表明,所提算法对站姿条件下的不同动作、不同体型、不同精度人体点云模型均能取得与视觉理解相吻合的分割效果。通过该算法得到的肢体各部分点云数据可用于姿态分析等后续研究。     

Consistent segmentation of 3D models

This paper proposes a method to segment a set of models consistently. The method simultaneously segments models and creates correspondences between segments. First, a graph is constructed whose nodes represent the faces of every mesh, and whose edges connect adjacent faces within a mesh and corresponding faces in different meshes. Second, a consistent segmentation is created by clustering this graph, allowing for outlier segments that are not present in every mesh. The method is demonstrated for several classes of objects and used for two applications: symmetric segmentation and segmentation transfer.     

三维激光扫描表面数据区域分割

针对现有三维激光扫描数据区域分割算法受原始碎片表面粗糙度影响较大且只适用于形状较规则、表面较平坦及断裂面较少的物体这一问题,提出了区域膨胀策略的三维扫描表面数据区域分割算法,该算法将三维激光扫描表面数据分割成若干个具有相同法矢方向的区域。首先将三维扫描表面数据转化为三维网格模型;然后利用同一区域中相邻网格具有相似法线方向这一性质,使用区域膨胀策略生成若干获选表面区域;最后通过去除候选区域中的噪声区域得到最终表面区域分割结果。通过实物表面扫描数据对上述算法进行仿真验证,结果表明该算法可对三维表面扫描数据进行有效的区域分割。     

基于区域离散曲率的三维网格分水岭分割

针对离散曲率估计对噪声敏感且特征值计算量大的特点提出了基于区域离散曲率的三维网格分水岭分割算法。寻找三维模型显著特征点;对三维模型进行预分割,确定分割带;在分割带区域上计算离散曲度极值点,利用测地距离和曲度极值点对三维模型进行分水岭分割。算法在分割前无需进行网格去噪,实验结果证明,对主体分支明显的模型具有较高的分割边缘准确度和较快的分割速度。     

Graph-cut based interactive segmentation of 3D materials-science images

Segmenting materials’ images is a laborious and time-consuming process, and automatic image segmentation algorithms usually contain imperfections and errors. Interactive segmentation is a growing topic in the areas of image processing and computer vision, which seeks to find a balance between fully automatic methods and fully-manual segmentation processes. By allowing minimal and simplistic interaction from the user in an otherwise automatic algorithm, interactive segmentation is able to simultaneously reduce the time taken to segment an image while achieving better segmentation results. Given the specialized structure of materials’ images and level of segmentation quality required, we show an interactive segmentation framework for materials’ images that has three key contributions: (1) a multi-labeling approach that can handle a large number of structures while still quickly and conveniently allowing manual addition and removal of segments in real-time, (2) multiple extensions to the interactive tools which increase the simplicity of the interaction, and (3) a web interface for using the interactive tools in a client/server architecture. We show a full formulation of each of these contributions and example results from their application.     

A comparative evaluation of interactive segmentation algorithms

In this paper we present a comparative evaluation of four popular interactive segmentation algorithms. The evaluation was carried out as a series of user-experiments, in which participants were tasked with extracting 100 objects from a common dataset: 25 with each algorithm, constrained within a time limit of 2 min for each object. To facilitate the experiments, a “scribble-driven” segmentation tool was developed to enable interactive image segmentation by simply marking areas of foreground and background with the mouse. As the participants refined and improved their respective segmentations, the corresponding updated segmentation mask was stored along with the elapsed time. We then collected and evaluated each recorded mask against a manually segmented ground truth, thus allowing us to gauge segmentation accuracy over time. Two benchmarks were used for the evaluation: the well-known Jaccard index for measuring object accuracy, and a new fuzzy metric, proposed in this paper, designed for measuring boundary accuracy. Analysis of the experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the suggested measures and provides valuable insights into the performance and characteristics of the evaluated algorithms.     

Geometric segmentation of 3D scanned surfaces

The geometric segmentation of a discrete geometric model obtained by the scanning of real objects is affected by various problems that make the segmentation difficult to perform without uncertainties. Certain factors, such as point location noise (coming from the acquisition process) and the coarse representation of continuous surfaces due to triangular approximations, introduce ambiguity into the recognition process of the geometric shape. To overcome these problems, a new method for geometric point identification and surface segmentation is proposed.The point classification is based on a fuzzy parameterization using three shape indexes: the smoothness indicator, shape index and flatness index. A total of 11 fuzzy domain intervals have been identified and comprise sharp edges, defective zones and 10 different types of regular points. For each point of the discrete surface, the related membership functions are dynamically evaluated to be adapted to consider, point by point, those properties of the geometric model that affects uncertainty in point type attribution.The methodology has been verified in many test cases designed to represent critical conditions for any method in geometric recognition and has been compared with one of the most robust methods described in the related literature.