共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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地下水污染在我国大中城市及农村不同程度地存在,其中,近一半的城区地下水污染呈加重趋势,并从点状污染向带状和面状污染发展。一些大城市的中心地带和郊区的地下水排泄区,地下水污染最为严重,部分城市浅层地下水已不能直接饮用。地下水污染表现为北方城市重于南方城市的特点,主要分布在华北平原、松辽平原、江汉平原和长江三角洲等地区。 相似文献
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选取并介绍了异位抽出-处理技术在上海某地下水砷污染场地中的修复应用。该案例采用止水帷幕结合真空抽提的方式对污染地下水进行抽出,并利用自主设计研发的一体化水处理设备对其进行絮凝沉淀处理,所用药剂包括混凝剂和助凝剂。经过13 d的间断性异位抽出-处理,地下水目标污染物达到了预期的修复目标。应用结果验证了异位抽出-处理技术的可行性,并且具有修复周期短、成本低、运行操作方便等优点。 相似文献
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《Planning》2014,(2)
针对新泰市区及周边村镇的水资源调查、水文取样及地下水的系统分析,综合运用相关分析和因子分析方法,研究了新泰市地下水水化学特征并揭示了其成因,指出NO3-、Cl-及SO42-浓度升高预示人为因素对地下水已经产生了一定的污染。 相似文献
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非正规生活垃圾填埋场产生的垃圾渗滤液极易造成土壤、地表水及地下水环境污染,严重威胁地下水安全及周边生态环境。采用单一方法无法准确评价非正规生活垃圾填埋场对浅层地下水环境影响,本文综合单项组分评价法、综合指数法、模糊评价法对非正规垃圾填埋场及周边浅层地下水样品点水质进行综合评价,对生活饮用水、工业用水及农业用水进行地下水用途功能评价。研究结果表明:垃圾填埋场浅层地下水受到严重污染,污染羽受地下水流向控制,已对下游及两侧浅层地下水环境质量及功能造成影响。其主要污染因子为总硬度、溶解性总固体、CODMn、NH3-N、SO42-、I-、Mn、As、Cd,污染严重的地下水中Cl-、Na+(K+)离子含量增高。,评价模式可为同类型场地评价提供参 相似文献
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地下水水质预测是地下水污染防治研究工作的重要组成部分。本文介绍了Holt指数平滑模型的基本原理及平滑参数的确定方法,在此基础上,以阿拉善腰坝绿洲地下水水质预测为实例对地下水HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-和TDS进行了预测,并与灰色模型预测结果进行了对比。结果表明2006年HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-和TDS浓度值将分别达到198.260、77.290、114.850和508mg/L。应查清地下水各种污染源及各污染源对地下水水质的影响程度,以便采取有效措施,遏制地下水水质进-步恶化。Holt指数平滑模型统-考虑了所有已有时间序列资料对预测值的影响,提高了预测精唐.适用于已有较长时间序列资料前提下的预测。 相似文献
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本文在查明矿区水文地质条件及水质现状的基础上,采用有限元法,对母液集取率为85%与溪沟边水质达标时两种条件下开采过程及开采结束后可能产生的地下水污染进行模拟,以评价不同情景下矿区地下水可能的污染程度。模拟结果表明:在所有开采阶段,稀土矿区附近区域污染物离子以SO24-和NH4+为主,母液回收率85%的工况下水质超标严重,第7年达到最大污染程度;溪沟边地下水水质达Ⅲ类标准时的单井每天的母液泄漏量应小于0.025m3/d,评价区每天的母液泄漏总量约为8.25m3。松散岩类和全风化层地下水易受污染,但其恢复能力较强,下部岩层不容易受到污染,但污染后很难恢复。 相似文献
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某垃圾填埋场地下水和地表水的分析测试结果表明:16个样品中,14种PAES的检测率为100%,其中DEHP的浓度最高,变化也较大,DOP的浓度较高,但是变化不明显,DEP的含量不高,浓度的变化几乎为常数。由于受水文地质条件和人工开采的影响,垃圾填埋场北侧ZK北孔的PAES的总浓度高于垃圾填埋场周围地下水和地表水中PAES的总浓度;PAEs含量和TSS、TDS、EC、pH以及芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘之间没有线性关系,表明它们来源和迁移转化机理是不同的。目前垃圾场周围地下水和地表水中的PAES都没有超过国家饮用水质量标准,然而,为了防止进一步污染,必须对PAES的污染问题给予极大的关注。 相似文献
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Sources of nitrates in groundwater of the coastal plain of Israel Evolution of ideas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A critical review of the studies conducted on the problem of nitrate pollution of the Coastal Plain aquifer of Israel is presented. The quantitative nitrogen balance of the aquifer is analyzed based on the reconstructed average nitrate trends in groundwater. This balance indicates that most of the nitrates found today in the aquifer reached the water table in the period 1930–1960. We suggest that the mineralization of the organic matter in the soil and unsaturated zone was the main source of nitrate pollution. The steep rise in the average nitrate concentration of groundwater over the last 50 years was the inevitable result of the agricultural development of the area. If no large transient nitrate reservoir exists in the unsaturated and water table zones, it is expected that the average nitrate content of groundwater will decrease with time. 相似文献
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本文从影响地下水脆弱性的因素出发,结合国内外已有的地下水脆弱性影响因素、评价指标和评价标准,根据研究区的具体实际情况和可获得资料,选取影响地下水脆弱性的地下水埋深、含水层净补给量、含水层介质、土壤包气带、地形、包气带介质和水力传导系数7个参数作为评价因子,建立太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价DRASTIC指标体系和评价标准。依据标准对其所含的7个参数进行评分,并具体阐述了评分中所应注意的问题,在获得了DRASTIC模型的7个指标在研究区的评分图之后,利用GIS平台空间分析技术将7张评分图叠加,同时对7个指标按照各自的权重取其加权和,这样便得到了太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性分区图,结果表明汾河沿岸和吴家堡工业区地下水脆弱性指数较高,在盆地两侧的黄土台塬区,地下水脆弱性评分为低或极低,评价模型能合理的反映太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性的高低。研究结果可以为太原市土地利用规划、地下水水资源保护规划、地下水水质监测等提供参考,也可以提高公众关于地下水污染的风险意识。 相似文献
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Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Factor analysis is applied to 28 groundwater samples collected from wells in the coastal blackfoot disease area of Yun-Lin, Taiwan. Correlations among 13 hydrochemical parameters are statistically examined. A two-factor model is suggested and explains over 77.8% of the total groundwater quality variation. Factor 1 (seawater salinization) includes concentrations of EC, TDS, Cl(-), SO(4)(2-), Na(+), K(+) and Mg(2+), and Factor 2 (arsenic pollutant) includes concentrations of Alk, TOC and arsenic. Maps are drawn to show the geographical distribution of the factors. These maps delineate high salinity and arsenic concentrations. The geographical distribution of the factor scores at individual wells does not reveal the sources of the constituents, which are instead, deduced from geological and hydrological evidence. The areas of high seawater salinization and arsenic pollution correspond well to the groundwater over-pumping area. Over-pumping of the local groundwater causes land subsidence and gradual salinization by seawater. The over-pumping also introduces excess dissolved oxygen that oxidizes the immobile minerals, releases arsenic by reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich iron oxyhydroxides and increases the arsenic concentration in water. The over-extraction of groundwater is the major cause of groundwater salinization and arsenic pollution in the coastal area of Yun-Lin, Taiwan. 相似文献
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基于人工神经网络的水质污染综合评价方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
针对地下水水质污染综合评价工作的需要,本文提出基于B-P算法的人工神经网络模型,并用该模型对某地的水质污染作了综合评价。评价结果表明,该方法简便可靠,预测精度高,具有通用性和客观性。 相似文献
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北京通州区地下水污染评价及监测网布设 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为准确刻画通州区地下水污染的分布特征,基于2008年6月采集的151个浅、中、深层地下水样进行了分层污染评价。采用数理统计学方法,计算了各层不同级别的污染面积。初步探讨了污染机理和原因。结果表明研究区内浅层地下水均已经遭受污染且污染程度较为严重,中层地下水绝大部分显示为轻度污染,而深层地下水只在西部小范围地区遭受轻度污染。提出了“重点突出、区域控制、分层监测、有机无机并重”监测网布设原则,整合并新施工监测井,形成了立体分层的地下水监测网络:其中污染源专项监孔共计71眼,区域浅层监测孔共计48眼,区域中层共计36眼,区域中深层共计26眼,区域深层共计22眼。最后对监测网的运行情况进行了简要介绍。 相似文献
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Due to a variety of past and present land-usages on the aquifer ground surface, appropriate groundwater management should consider anthropogenic activities on the ground surface and the potential of unsaturated zone media to convey water and pollutants to the aquifer. The objective of this paper is to present an approach which generates guidelines and recommendations which can lead to sustainable development. This method assesses the lithological characteristics of the aquifer's vadose zone, indicating potential rechargeability, while weighting factors leading to potential groundwater pollution resulting from some land-use. Recommendations regarding land-use planning and aquifer recharge can then provide a qualitative ecological tool towards sustainable groundwater management. Owing to its location, its critical significance to the country's fresh water supply, and its available field data, Israel's Coastal aquifer is employed here as the study area for implementation of this approach. 相似文献
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Evaluation of arsenic contamination potential using indicator kriging in the Yun-Lin aquifer (Taiwan) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Data on the quality of groundwater obtained from several multi-level monitoring wells indicated that arsenic (As) concentration far exceeds the drinking water supply standard in the coastal aquifer of the Yun-Lin, Taiwan. In this study, an estimated As probability risk was computed using indicator kriging to assess the As contamination potential of exceeding the drinking water supply standard in the Yun-Lin county. A three-dimensional (3D) spatial variability model was presented to analyze anisotropically the variation of As concentration using a multi-level threshold indicator variable. This 3D estimator overcomes the scarcity of the data and establishes a vertical correlation of measured As data. The results indicate high As pollution probability in the coastal area and in the Pei-Kang river basin. The highest probability, 0.92, of the As pollution is in the shallow aquifer of the Kou-Hu. The contamination potential of As is primarily within an aquifer depth of 180 m. The contaminated aquifer (<180 m) is not suitable for supplying drinking water. The contamination potential of As is low at the depths of more than 190 m. However, the probabilities associated with the As pollution still exceed 0.2 in the deep aquifer of four coastal townships of the Yun-Lin, and may pose risks to human health if the groundwater is used for drinking. 相似文献