常规推进剂在轨加注技术研究现状与趋势

实现推进剂的在轨加注服务能够显著提升大规模空间探测能力、减小运载器规模、降低任务成本。归纳常规推进剂在轨加注方案并进行分类和比较,对国外典型的常规推进剂在轨加注研究计划进行分析,总结其发展趋势,为后续深入开展相关研究工作提供参考。     

航天高科

美地面试验自动卫星燃料加注 在轨航天器的检测、维修、燃料加注、部件更换以及装配能力是未来空间技术的前沿。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）很早就开始研究机器人卫星服务技术，2014年2月成功完成了陆基远程机器人氧化剂输送试验。     

运载火箭加注系统可靠性评定方法研究

运载火箭加注系统是航天发射场关键系统之一,由于加注系统具有设备多,信息采集点多、面广,技术、控制逻辑复杂等特点,从各大发射场执行加注任务的情况看,设备故障概率较高,系统可靠性需进一步提高。对加注系统可靠性评定方法进行研究,重点评估加注系统设备可靠性和任务可靠性,分析加注设备级、系统级薄弱环节,提出加注系统的可靠性分析和评定方法的解决方案。     

基于冗余PLC低温加注集散控制系统研究

低温加注控制系统作为新一代运载火箭加注系统的重要组成部分,直接影响低温加注系统工作的连续性、实时性、可靠性和加注精度。以氧氮加注控制系统为例,介绍了低温加注集散控制系统的总体方案,并对冗余控制系统的实现方法进行了重点研究。该系统采用电源冗余、CPU冗余、通讯网络冗余、I/O站冗余、计算机冗余等技术,提高了控制系统的可靠性和安全性。     

防空反导光电组网探测概率仿真评估

单台光电设备覆盖空域小、探测盲区大,对超低空飞行、隐身性强的目标探测概率低,光电组网能够扩展空域覆盖范围,提高目标探测概率。为获取最优光电组网方案,对其探测概率进行评估。给出基于目标运动模型的目标截获与数据获取仿真方法,采用基于最小一乘估计的自适应加权融合算法对目标数据融合处理。在单站目标探测概率基础上,建立多站目标探测概率的计算模型以及基于多站重叠覆盖区域的系统探测概率计算模型,提出光电组网系统对目标的探测概率评估方法。结合星型布站实例,对光电组网探测概率量化评估。评估结果表明：若单站探测概率≥80%,则组网探测概率≥89.4%;组网探测概率仿真评估能够为光电组网方案提供数据参考,支撑构建网络化光电探测系统。     

构建空间在轨维护与服务系统的初步设想

跟踪国外相关技术研究成果,给出了在轨维护与服务系统概念,从不同角度分析了系统需求特点,明确了系统服务任务,初步设计了无人在轨维护与服务系统的组成结构,提出了适合不同情况的系统部署方案,为在轨维护与服务系统先期论证提供理论支持.     

在轨模块更换军事需求分析

在轨模块更换是在轨服务技术的一项重要应用。根据在轨模块更换的军事需求,从作战目的、作战任务、作战能力、作战应用等方面进行了分析,为在轨模块更换在未来空间任务中的应用提供了理论参考。     

公理化设计在可在轨组装飞行器总体设计中的应用

为有效实施在轨组装服务,将公理化设计理论引入可在轨组装飞行器的总体设计,给出了一种基于功能需求的结构化设计方法。基于对组装服务的需求的了解,定义满足这些需求所需解决的问题,通过综合分析任务需求产生或选择解决方案,并进行工序设计。通过设计实例验证,为可在轨组装飞行器的具体设计提供了一种新的思路。     

基于突防航迹的多探测源优化布站方法

在假定的预警区域内给出了一条最优的突防航迹，同时提出了根据突防航迹和各类探测源的性能差异进行多探测源优化布站的方法——网格GT搜索算法。结果表明，该布站方案能有效地探测超低空突防的飞行器。     

在轨检测研究综述

在轨检测在在轨服务的任务中具有一定的普遍性和代表性。在分析在轨检测需求的基础上,着重从执行系统和目标系统2个方面对在轨检测的关键技术进行介绍,并概括了在轨检测策略,总结了在轨检测发展趋势。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.