Effect of heat-treatment on the surface properties of gallium phosphide nanosolids by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectra of gallium phosphide （GAP） nanosolids （unheated and heat-treated at 598 and 723 K, respectively） were investigated. It was observed that both the longitudinal optical mode （LO） and the transverse optical mode （TO） displayed an asymmetry on the low-wavenumber side. The scattering bands were fitted to a sum of four Lorentzians which were assigned to the LO mode, surface phonon mode, TO mode, and a combination of Ga-O-P symmetric bending and sum band formed from the X-point TA ＋ LA phonons, respectively. Analysis of the characteristic of surface phonon mode revealed that the surface phonon peak of the GaP nanosolids could be confirmed. In the infrared spectrum of the GaP nanoparticles, we observed the bands on account of symmetric stretching and bending of PO2, as well as stretching of Ga-O The Raman scattering intensity arising from the Ga-O-P linkages increased as increasing the heat-treatment temperature.     

Determination of spin-orbit splitting Δ_0 of valence band at Γ for gallium phosphide nanoparticles using fluorescence and infrared spectroscopes

The value of spin-orbit splitting Δ 0 of gallium phosphide (GaP) nanoparticles was determined. The information concerning the spin-orbit splitting of the valence band at Γ was acquired using fluorescence and infrared spectroscopes. Detailed investigation on the fluorescence characteristics under ultraviolet photoexcitation reveals that two doublets of emission transitions are related to the spin-orbit splitting of the valence band. The origin of two broad violet emissions, 3.00 and 3.10 eV, can be attributed to the direct transitions near the Γ point of the Brillouin zone between the Γ 1 conduction band and Γ 15 valance band, that is, Γ 6c -Γ 8v and Γ 6c -Γ 7v , respectively. The origin of two blue emissions, 2.74 and 2.64 eV, can be attributed to the indirect transitions between the X 1 conduction band and Γ 15 valance band, that is, Δ 5c -Γ 8v and Δ 5c -Γ 7v , respectively. Based on these transitions, the spin-orbit splitting Δ 0 of the GaP nanoparticles is determined as 0.10 eV. The infrared spectrum of the GaP nanoparticles shows a band at 817 cm -1 which is assigned to the transition between the Γ 7v and Γ 8v valence band maxima. It follows therefore that the spin-orbit splitting Δ 0 is 0.10 eV.     

Size and shape effects on Curie temperature of ferromagnetic nanoparticles

A simplified model was developed to describe the Curie temperature suppression of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Based on a size and shape dependent model of cohesive energy, the critical temperature variations of ferromagnetic nanoparticles were deduced. It is predicted that the Curie temperature of nanoparticles depends on both size and shape conditions, among which the temperature suppression is strongly influenced by the particle size and the shape effect is comparably minor. The calculation values for freestanding nanoparticles are in good agreement with other theoretical model and the experimental results. The model is also potential for predictions for the nanoparticles embedded in different substrates.     

Preparation and application of hydroxyapatite（HA） nanoparticles/NR2B-siRNA complex

Hydroxyapatite（HA） nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation-hydrothermal synthesis and their exosyndrome was estimated via transmission electron microscopy. Agarose gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were used to evaluate the ability of HA to bind NR2B-siRNA at different pH values and at different HA：NR2B-siRNA ratios. And the stability of the complex in saline was also evaluated. The effect of HA/NR2B-siRNA complex on chronic inflammatory pain was evaluated in vivo, in mice. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） reveals that HA nanoparticles are thin strips or short rod in shape and thc one-dimensional particle size of HA nanoparticles is 40-50 nm. Under the acid or neutral condition, the Zeta potential of HA is positive; nanoparticles can completely bind NR2B-siRNA when the HA：NR2B-siRNA ratio is at or larger than 35：1; while under the alkaline condition, the affinity of HA to NR2B-siRNA is rather weak. HA/NR2B-siRNA complex is not dissociated when being resuspended in saline. The nociception of the tonic phase induced by formalin is significantly reduced in the HA：NR2B-siRNA treated mice as compared with the. controls. Therefore, HA may be a new siRNA nano-vector material.     

Preparation of homogeneous ZnO nanoparticles via precipitation-pyrolysis with Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 as precursor

1 Introduction Recently, demands for high product performance products have necessitated a precise control of ZnO particle properties for applications such as electrode of solar cells and photocatalysts. Much attention is given to the high chemical reacti…     

Fluorescence enhancement and cofluorescence in complexes of terbium（Ⅲ） with trimellitic acid

The fluorescence of terbium (III) was enhanced by about three orders of magnitude in the presence of trimellitic acid (benzene-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (TLA)) in aqueous solution at pH 6. The fluorescence intensity could be greatly increased when the system of Tb³⁺-TLA was treated with La³⁺(or Gd³⁺) and TritonX-100. The addition of La³⁺(or Gd³⁺⁾ enhances the fluorescence of the system by about two orders of magnitude due to cofluorescence, and the TritonX-100 micellar medium plays an important role for stabilization of the system. Both the intermolecular energy transfer mode and intramolecular energy transfer mode are responsible for the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement. In the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity is a linear function of Tb³⁺ concentration in the range of 7.8 × 10⁻⁹-3.6 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L for the system Tb³⁺-La³⁺-TLA and 1.0 × 10⁻⁸-4.7 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L for the system Tb³⁺-Gd³⁺-TLA, and the limits of detection are 4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol/L and 6.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol/L, respectively.     

Effect of VC addition on the microstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets

In this paper, Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets were prepared by nano particles, and the effect of VC addition on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets was investigated. The results showed that there existed black-core grayish-rim structure as well as gray-core grayish-rim structure in VC-doped Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets. With the increase of VC addition, the number of gray cores increased, the lattice parameter of Ti(C,N) phase increased, the grain size decreased, the hardness and fracture toughness of Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets were enhanced, and nearly full densification could be achieved. However, excessive addition of VC to 1 wt% resulted in slight decrease in hardness and fracture toughness. Some deep dimples were found in the fracture surface of cermets with VC addition, which corresponded to ductile fracture.     

Synthesis and characterization of uniform nanoparticles of γ-Mo2N for supercapacitors

Uniform nanoparticles of molybdenum nitride were synthesized by temperature-programmed reaction(TPR) using MoO3 and ammonia as reactants. This material was characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microcopy(SEM) and cyclic voltammetry(CV). Results show that the material consists of a pure phase of γ-Mo2N nanoparticles with average diameter of about 16 nm. The material presents a specific capacitance of 172 F/g in 1 mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte at a scan rate of 1 mV/s and the potential window is broadened to 1.1 V (-0.6 to 0.5 V). At the 6 000th cycle, the material remains 94.9% and 94.7% of the initial capacitance in 1 mol/L H2SO4 and KCl solution, respectively. A possible mechanism comprising surface control and diffusion control is proposed to explain the effect of scan rates on specific capacitance.     

Nanomechanical behaviors of （110） and （111） CdZnTe crystals investigated by nanoindentation

The nanomechanical behaviors of (110) and (111) CdZnTe crystals were investigated by nanoindentation. It was found that the indenter tip was adhered by the removed materials in scanning testing area although the scanning force on the tested surface was very small (1000 nN), which would affect the testing result of nanoindentation, so the indenter was clean before nanoindentation test. The experimemtal results showed that the hardness and Young’s modulus decreased with the increase of indentation loads on the same plane. Because of the anisotropy of the CdZnTe crystal, the average hardness of (110) plane is 35% lower than that of (111) plane, and there are about 30% difference of the hardness along different crystallographic directions on the same plane. The hardness in 0° and 120° testing directions was the same due to the threefold symmetry of a Berkovich indenter. And the anisotropy affected the surface quality during machining of CdZnTe crystal.     

Characteristics of permittivity and permeability spectra in range of 2-18 GHz microwave frequency for La1-xSrxMn1-yByO3 （B=Fe, Co, Ni）

Doped LaMnO3 has unusual electromagnetic properties, which makes it possible for this material to be used for absorbing microwave. LaMnO3 systems doped by Sr at site A and Fe or Co, Ni at site B were prepared by sol-gel as an microwave absorption material and their permittivity and permeability spectra were measured by microwave vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. A novel phenomenon is discovered that the complex permittivity, complex permeability and electromagnetic loss tangent have suddenly a step change at a certain frequency and the step-change frequency is relevant to content of Sr and Fe or Co, Ni. The samples show mainly dielectric loss when microwave frequency is smaller than the step-change frequency, and mainly magnetic loss when larger than that frequency. It is indicated that anti-ferromagnetic clusters in the material can absorb energy quantum of microwave electromagnetic field to change into ferromagnetic clusters because they can overcome higher energy barrier when the frequency of incident microwave reaches a certain value.     

Optical and acoustic phonon modes confined in gallium phosphide nanoparticles

The main aim of this paper is to discuss the confinement effects on the optical and acoustic phonon vibrational modes in gallium phosphide(GaP) nanoparticles(cylindric grain).The Raman scattering from the GaP nanoparticles was investigated.It was found that the red-shifts of the longitudinal optical(LO) mode and transverse optical(TO) mode were 15 cm?1 and 13.8 cm?1,respectively.It is generally accepted that the red-shifts of the optical phonon modes are due to the presence of smaller nanosized particles(～1.2 nm) acting as the nanoclustered building blocks of the GaP nanoparticles.In the low frequency Raman spectrum,a set of Stokes lines with almost the same spacing was clearly observed.The scattering feature originates from the discrete phonon density of states of the nanoclustered building blocks.According to Lamb's vibrational theory,the Raman shift wavenumbers of the spheroidal mode and torsional mode of the lowest energy surface modes for the nanoclustered building blocks were calculated.Good agreement can be achieved between the calculated results and the observed scattering peaks.These results indicate that the corresponding Raman peaks are due to scattering from the localized acoustic phonons in the nanoclustered building blocks in the GaP nanoparticles.     

Effect of nickel phosphide nanoparticles crystallization on hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic performance

In order to investigate the effect of nickel phosphide nanoparticles' (Ni–P NPs) crystallization on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance, amorphous Ni–P NPs and crystalline Ni₁₂P₅ were synthesized by a simple and low-cost autocatalytic reduction method and heat treatment process. The result of electrochemical tests shows that crystalline Ni₁₂P₅ has much higher HER catalytic activity than the amorphous one. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that Ni–P bond formed during crystallization, making Ni positively charged and P negatively charged. This charged nature of Ni₁₂P₅ is similar to [NiFe] hydrogenase and its analogous, which make the removal of H₂ less energy-cost.     

Synthesis and purification of trialkyl compounds of gallium and indium

The research progress in trialkyl compounds of gallium and indium was discussed from two aspects, one was the chemical synthesis of the compounds and the other was the purification of them. There are three synthesis routes being reported in the first aspect, i.e. the route staring from pure metal, the route starting from the pure metal trihalides, and the electrochemical route. In the second aspect, the purifying methods of decomposition-distillation and zone refining were reviewed.     

金芯-银壳复合纳米微粒光学吸收光谱分析

通过液相还原法制备出金．银复合纳米颗粒。透射电镜图像显示所制备金-银复合纳米颗粒呈球状的芯-壳结构。光学吸收谱的实验表明：金芯．银壳复合结构纳米微粒具有双峰的等离子体吸收带。一个峰值的波长位于纯银纳米颗粒的等离子体吸收带附近；另一个介于纯银和纯金纳米颗粒的等离子体吸收峰之间，且随着反应试样中银的摩尔分数的增加发生蓝移，基于实验分析和Mie散射理论的定量计算。结果认为：该吸收峰的蓝移可归因于银壳层厚度的增加。     

Temperature dependent high velocity resolution Mössbauer spectroscopic study of iron nickel phosphide microcrystals (rhabdites) extracted from Sikhote-Alin iron meteorite

Iron nickel phosphide microcrystals (rhabdites) extracted from Sikhote-Alin iron meteorite fragment were studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution at various temperatures. Mössbauer spectra of rhabdites demonstrated superparamagnetic behavior. Low temperature rhabdite spectra were fitted using a model with six magnetic sextets two pairs of which were related to crystallographically non-equivalent sites M1, M2 and M3 occupied by Fe and Ni atoms in different ways. Temperature dependencies of correspondent magnetic hyperfine fields were evaluated. On the basis of relative areas of spectral components and results of rhabdite chemical analysis the average numbers of Fe and Ni atoms occupied the M1, M2 and M3 sites, respectively, were evaluated.     

金银复合纳米微粒的光学吸收特性

以NaHB4做还原剂,利用一步共还原氯金酸(HAuCl4)和硝酸银(AgNO3)制备了金银复合结构的纳米颗粒。用透射电子显微镜对所制备的金银复合纳米微粒的形貌和尺寸进行了表征。紫外可见光学吸收光谱的研究表明:通过一步共还原法所制备的金银复合纳米微粒的光学吸收谱具有单峰的等离子体吸收特征,其吸收峰介于纯金和纯银纳米颗粒特征吸收峰之间,且随着反应液中金离子和银离子的摩尔比的增加而向长波方向移动。Mie散射理论的定量计算结果同样说明了实验所观察到的金银复合纳米微粒的光学吸收的组分可剪裁性。     

花状Fe_3O_4亚微球的制备和吸波性能

采用溶剂热法制得具有花状结构的Fe3O4亚微米球,该微球直径约4μm,是由Fe3O4纳米片组装而成的。采用X线衍射仪（XRD）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对产物结构、磁性和形貌进行表征。将样品与石蜡按质量比1：1制成同轴样品,测试其2～18GHz下的电磁参数并进行分析计算。研究发现,由于偶极子极化、自然共振和涡流损耗,具有花状结构的Fe3O4亚微米球在高频范围内显示出了较为良好的宽频吸收特性。     

透明导电薄膜(TCF)的吸波机理及应用研究

依据雷达目标散射截面面积,从电磁波与透明导电薄膜作用的物理机理出发,从理论上建立了透明导电薄膜作为隐身材料的电磁波模型,评述了目前透明导电薄膜隐身材料的研究进展及应用现状,并指出了其研究方向。