Al2O3掺杂BaTi0.85Sn0.15O3陶瓷的制备及性能表征

通过传统固相二次烧结法来制备x wt% Al₂O₃（x=0、1.0、1.5）/BaTi_0.85Sn_0.15O₃（BTS）陶瓷。研究了掺杂不同含量Al₂O₃对BTS陶瓷的微观结构、介电性能及挠曲电性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂Al₂O₃的BTS陶瓷不改变陶瓷的晶体结构,仍为标准钙钛矿结构晶型;Al₂O₃的掺入能够有效降低晶粒尺寸,具有明显的细晶作用。随着Al₂O₃含量的增大,Al₂O₃/BTS陶瓷的介电常数减小,介电损耗得到明显改善,居里峰逐渐宽化且向温度高的方向偏移。Al₂O₃/BTS陶瓷的挠曲电系数随着Al₂O₃含量的增加和测试环境温度的升高均减小。此外,Al₂O₃/BTS陶瓷的挠曲电系数和介电常数之间存在一种近线性关系,但当温度非常接近于居里温度时,这种线性关系减弱。     

Al2O3基多孔隔热材料表面Al2O3/MoSi2涂层的制备及其性能

采用刷涂法在Al₂O₃基多孔隔热材料表面制备Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层,涂层以硅溶胶作为粘结剂,纳米Al₂O₃与Al₂O₃纤维作为耐高温组分,MoSi₂为高发射率组分。通过SEM、XRD对Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层微观表面结构、物相组成进行分析。研究纳米Al₂O₃与Al₂O₃纤维的质量比和MoSi₂含量对Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层耐温性能的影响,并对Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层的抗热震性能、发射率进行表征。结果表明,当纳米Al₂O₃与Al₂O₃纤维的质量比小于1∶1时,热考核后Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层表面无裂纹产生;当纳米Al₂O₃与Al₂O₃纤维的质量比在1∶2~1∶4之间时,Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层中的纤维网络较完整。MoSi₂的含量为20%时,Al₂O₃/MoSi₂涂层抗热震实验循环25次后表面保持完好,热考核后在2.5~25 μm波段的平均发射率在0.85左右,具有较高的发射率。      

固体激光用Nd:Lu2O3透明陶瓷的制备和光学性能研究

Nd:Lu2O3材料由于具有高热导率、低声子能量和优异的光学特性而成为非常有前景的高功率固体激光器用的增益介质.但Lu2O3单晶的熔点超过2400℃,难以生长,而Lu2O3陶瓷既能在低温下制备,又具有与晶体相当的光学性质和激光性能从而备受关注.本研究制备了高透明的Nd:Lu2O3陶瓷并对其光学性质和激光性能进行探究.以...     

Structure and hardness of surface of Al18B4O33w/Al composite by laser surface melting

As a new material, aluminum borate whisker reinforced aluminum composites have attracted interest and have been considered for a wide range application because of their high specific strength, high modulus and low cost. The study included a detailed characterization of the laser melting surface in terms of microstructures, phase analysis and a ratio of Al₂O₃ (the decomposition products of whiskers during laser process) and Al in intensity with tests parameters as an indication of Al₂O₃ distribution. Microhardness of the laser layer was also studied in detail. The results indicated that the most of γ-Al₂O₃ exists at the bottom of the laser pool, which led to a maximum value in the hardness be obtained. Microhardness of the laser layer was improved to 294 Hv as compared to 178 Hv of the as-cast composite, because of the existence of Al₂O₃ particles, solid solution hardness and the grain refinement of the laser layer following rapid quenching associated with the process.     

Controllable formation of Er–Yb codoped Al2O3 films by the non-aqueous sol–gel method

1 mol%Er³⁺–10 mol%Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films have been prepared on thermally oxidized SiO₂/Si(110) substrates by a dip-coating process in the non-aqueous sol–gel method from the hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide [Al(OC₃H₇)₃] under isopropanol environment. Addition of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a drying control chemical additive (DCCA) into the sol suppresses formation of the cracks in the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films when the rare-earth ion is doped with a high doping concentration. Homogeneous, smooth and crack-free Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films form at the conditions by a molar ratio of 1:1 for DMF:Al(OC₃H₇)₃. A strong photoluminescence spectrum with a broadband extending from 1.400 to 1.700 µm centered at 1.533 µm is obtained for the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films, which is unrelated to the addition of DMF. Controllable formation of the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films may be explained by the fact that the DMF assisted the deprotonation process of Al–OH at the surfaces of gel particles, resulting in enhancement of the degree of polymerization of sols and improvement of the mechanical properties of gel thin films.     

Al2O3颗粒形貌对注凝成型ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

采用3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原料对注凝成型制备ZrO₂/Al₂O₃（ZTA）陶瓷工艺中悬浮体的流变性能进行了研究。以低毒的单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）制备了ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体和陶瓷。讨论了3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原浆料的分散剂用量、球磨时间和固含量对浆料流变性的影响。Al₂O₃粉体呈扁平状有利于降低浆料的黏度,Al₂O₃粉体呈棒状对生坯强度的提高有利。制得的3种ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体颗粒间结合紧密,抗弯强度分别达到21.45,19.87,25.90 MPa。Al₂O₃粉体呈颗粒状有利于最终陶瓷力学性能的提高,陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性分别为680 MPa和7.49 MPa·m^1/2,453.1 MPa和6.8 MPa·m^1/2,549.4 MPa和6.34 MPa·m^1/2。     

Characterization of the Reaction Products That Develop in the Processing of Al2O3/BaZrO3 Laminated Composites

The absence of a chemical reaction at an interface is conventionally thought to be an important criterion in producing a tough ceramic matrix composite (CMC). As a result of this criterion, interphases in CMCs were chosen on the basis of their chemical reactivity. A weak interface results in crack deflection, crack bridging, and, in fiber-reinforced ceramics, fiber pullout, resulting in an increased fracture toughness. In this paper, we present microstructural observations on alumina (Al₂O₃)–barium zirconate (BaZrO₃) laminated composites wherein the reaction products that develop during processing resulted in sharp interfaces and appear to be weak enough to deflect cracks. These in situ reaction products in Al₂O₃–BaZrO₃ laminated composites were characterized with the use of a scanning electron microscope, an electron microprobe, and a transmission electron microscope. The phases that develop, ZrO₂, BaO·Al₂O₃, and BaO·6 Al₂O₃, produced sharp interfaces and are arranged in a sequence that could be predicted by using information from the phase diagram.     

Fe/Al2O3复合材料的制备和性能

用石墨埋烧方法制备Fe/Al₂O₃复合材料,对其力学性能和微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:Fe/Al₂O₃复合材料的弯曲强度与断裂韧性均随Al₂O₃含量的升高先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃含量（质量分数）为70%时,其弯曲强度与断裂韧性分别达到602.49 MPa和9.33 MPa·m¹/2,其硬度随Al₂O₃含量先降低后升高。在烧结过程中在Fe颗粒周围形成一种成分为FeO与FeAl₂O₄的壳体,在壳体与Fe颗粒之间存在微裂纹缺陷。壳体的形成和壳体与金属颗粒间的微裂纹钝化了外部应力,从而提高了复合材料的韧性。     

多层陶瓷结构Al2O3-Fe2O3/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷的制备及性能

为更好地实现口腔修复体的美学修复效果,采用掺杂不同含量Fe₂O₃（0.01wt%~0.09wt%）和Al₂O₃（0.1wt%）的3 mol% Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂（3Y-TZP）粉体为原料,经过铺粉、压制、烧结等工艺制得色度渐变的多层陶瓷结构Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷。对该梯度复合陶瓷的色度分布、烧结性能和力学性能进行检测,同时研究了Fe₂O₃和Al₂O₃的掺杂对3Y-TZP陶瓷组织和性能的影响。结果表明,制得的Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷色度由红黄向白色沿成分变化方向呈梯度变化,与天然牙齿色度分布规律一致;力学性能呈梯度变化并从无色端到有色端逐渐降低,但仍满足牙科使用需求（≥ 800 MPa）;在无色瓷层中掺杂微量Al₂O₃（0.1wt%）可以改善Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷的烧结性能,避免在预烧结过程中发生开裂。微量Fe₂O₃和Al₂O₃的掺杂会促进其在烧结过程中的致密化及晶粒长大;微量Fe₂O₃（0.01wt%）和Al₂O₃（0.1wt%）的掺杂有助于提高3Y-TZP陶瓷的挠曲强度,然而随着Fe₂O₃掺杂量的继续增多（≤ 0.09wt%）挠曲强度降低。      

The effect of second principal stress on the fatigue propagation of mode I surface crack in Al2O3/Al alloy composites

Using a plate made of A2017-T6 metal matrix composites reinforced with 10 volume % and 20 volume % Al₂O₃ particles and Al alloy possesses the same composition as matrix alloy, the crack propagation rate da/dN of a mode I surface crack by the simultaneous action of plane bending and cyclic torsion are studied. And the effects of crack tip opening stress σ_top, crack opening displacement COD, biaxial stress ratio C (=second principal stress/first principal stress) and the surface roughness of crack section are examined. When stress intensity factor range ΔK is lower than the specific level, da/dN decreases with the increase of volume fraction of Al₂O₃ in C=0 and C=−0.55. But, da/dN of Al alloy becomes minimum in C=−1 and the effect of Al₂O₃ particles disappears. σ_top rises with the increase of volume fraction of Al₂O₃ particles and the decline of C. On the other hand, COD doesn’t always rise with the decline of C. These phenomena can be explained by the residual compressive stress formed at the surface layer of the specimen by the fatigue test and the surface roughness of crack section.     

Improvements in mechanical properties of TiB2 ceramics tool materials by the dispersion of Al2O3 particles

TiB₂–Al₂O₃ composites with Ni–Mo as sintering aid have been fabricated by a hot-press technique at a lower temperature of 1530 °C for 1 h, and the mechanical properties and microstructure were investigated. The microstructure consists of dispersed Al₂O₃ particles in a fine-grained TiB₂ matrix. The addition of Al₂O₃ increases the fracture toughness up to 6.02 MPa m^1/2 at an amount of 40 vol.% Al₂O₃ and the flexural strength up to 913.86 MPa at an amount of 10 vol.% Al₂O₃. The improved flexural strength of the composites is a result of higher density than that of monolithic TiB₂. The increase of fracture toughness is a result of crack bridging by the metal grains on the boundaries, and crack deflection by weak grain boundaries due to the bad wetting characters between Ni–Mo and Al₂O₃.     

不基于熔态润湿的Al/Al2O3直接钎焊

针对Al熔液在850℃以下不润湿Al₂O₃而难以直接钎焊的困难, 本工作研究了溅射Al对Al₂O₃的“润湿”作用, 提出了一种采用溅射Al基薄膜作为钎料直接钎焊Al₂O₃的方法。结果表明, 这种方法可以在不满足熔态Al润湿条件的680℃实现Al和Al-Cu合金对Al₂O₃的直接真空钎焊, 并且仅需0.1 Pa的真空度。所获得的Al/Al₂O₃的接头剪切强度达到115 MPa, Al-1.6at% Cu合金钎焊接头的剪切强度可提高到163 MPa, 当钎料中的Cu含量提高至14.3at%后, 钎焊接头中焊缝与陶瓷界面产生Cu的偏聚, 接头的剪切强度因界面断裂降低为127 MPa。并对这种不基于金属熔态润湿钎焊方法的原理进行了分析讨论。     

原位自生纳米Al2O3/Al-Zn-Cu复合材料的力学性能

将纳米ZnO粉末和Al粉球磨后冷压成Al-ZnO预制块,然后将其加到Al-Zn-Cu熔体中进行Al-ZnO原位反应,制备出纳米Al₂O₃颗粒增强Al-Zn-Cu基复合材料。能谱面扫描分析和透射电镜观察结果表明,复合材料由纳米Al₂O₃颗粒和Al₂Cu析出相两种颗粒/析出相组成。纳米Al₂O₃颗粒通过异质形核和晶界钉扎,细化了Al-Zn-Cu合金晶粒组织和Al₂Cu析出相。原位纳米Al₂O₃颗粒的生成提高了基体合金的拉伸性能,轧制+热处理使Al₂O₃/Al-Zn-Cu复合材料的拉伸强度比相同处理的基体合金提高约100%,总伸长率提高约98%。     

Al2O3/环氧树脂-氰酸酯复合材料反应动力学及力学性能

以双酚A型环氧树脂(E51)和双酚A型氰酸酯(BCE)为原料,研究E51改性BCE共固化反应机制。同时,以E51-BCE为基体树脂,溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)自制Al2O3为增强体,制备Al2O3改性E51-BCE (Al2O3/E51-BCE)复合材料。通过非等温DSC确定了E51-BCE体系的固化工艺及固化反应动力学,并根据Kissinger法和Ozawa法求得体系的表观活化能分别为66.13 kJ/mol和69.46 kJ/mol。利用红外光谱跟踪固化体系在起始固化温度为160℃、 180℃时的反应历程,结果表明:起始固化温度在160℃时,以E51与BCE直接反应为主;起始固化温度在180℃时, BCE反应活性提高,以BCE自聚反应为主,生成三嗪环的速率加快,少量的BCE直接与E51反应生成恶唑啉结构。对Sol-Gel法自制Al2O3进行FTIR和TEM表征,结果表明:Al2O3为短纤维状的晶体,表面含有少量羟基。SEM结果显示:Al2O3为分散相,与基体间界面模糊, Al2O3/E51-BCE复合材料的脆断面裂纹不规则,为典型的韧性断裂;当Al2O3掺杂量为3wt%时, Al2O3在基体中分散均匀, Al2O3/E51-BCE复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲模量分别为24.2 kJ/m2和2.54 GPa,比基体树脂的冲击强度和弯曲模量分别提高53.65%和22.12%,力学性能得到明显改善。     

Corrosion of magnesia–chrome brick in molten MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–FetO slag

The corrosion of magnesia–chrome (MgO–Cr₂O₃) brick in molten MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO–Fe_tO slag has been characterized using a dynamic rotary slag corrosion testing for various test cycles at 1650 °C. The open porosity decreases from 15.3 to 4.0% for three cycles, then it gradually increases from 4.0 to 4.8% when the test is extended to nine cycles, in which the permeating depth of the slag maintains at about 20 mm. The XRD pattern of the permeated layer shows the presence of the MgO, MgCr₂O₄ and CaMgSiO₄ phases. In the interior of the permeating layer cracks are formed and corrosion starts at the pores and cracks of MgO and decreases gradually. However, at 20–40 mm beneath the permeated layer edge, different shapes of MgO particles are found.     

Al2O3与两种热塑性树脂协同改性双马来酰亚胺基复合材料微观结构与性能

以3,3’-二烯丙基双酚A(BBA)、双酚A双烯丙基醚(BBE)为活性稀释剂、4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺(MBMI)为反应单体合成聚合物基体(MBAE),以两种热塑性树脂(聚醚砜(PES)和磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK))为增韧剂、以溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)制备的纳米Al₂O₃为改性剂,制备了Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料,并采用FTIR、SEM、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和热失重测试的方法研究复合材料的微观形貌、力学性能和耐热性。结果表明:SPEEK中存在磺酸基团,微观结构更松散,磺化度约为41.3%;Al₂O₃为纳米级短纤维状晶体,表面含有活性羟基。Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的微观形貌表明:适量的PES、SPEEK和Al₂O₃在基体树脂中分散均匀,断面形貌呈鱼鳞状,断裂纹不规则且发散,断裂方式为韧性断裂。力学性能测试结果显示,当PES、SPEEK及Al₂O₃质量分数分别为3 wt%、2 wt%和3 wt%时,Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度为172.9 MPa、4.7 GPa和21.4 kJ/m2,分别比基体树脂提高了73.1%、74.1%和125.3%,并且Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的热分解温度为453.5℃,比基体树脂提高了15.4℃,Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的力学性能和耐热性有较大提高。      

Influence of the common varistor dopants (CoO, Cr2O3 and Nb2O5) on the structural properties of SnO2 ceramics

The influence of dopants commonly used in SnO₂ varistor ceramics, such as CoO, Cr₂O₃ or Nb₂O₅, on the structural properties of SnO₂ was investigated. Several SnO₂-based ceramics containing only one of the dopants were prepared and characterized. Spectroscopic investigations [visible, near infrared (IR) and IR region] were performed to obtain information about dopants valence states inside the ceramics, as well as about their influence on electronic structure of the material. Structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and mechanisms of dopant incorporation were proposed. Obtained results were confirmed with results of the electrical measurements. Microstructural changes in doped ceramics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis that showed great differences in densities, grain size, and morphology of the SnO₂ ceramics depending on type of dopants and their distribution.     

Al2O3量对2219车铝板上等离子喷涂Ni层组织和摩擦性能的影响

将Ni与Al₂O₃微米颗粒实施混合,再将其通过等离子喷涂方法沉积到2219铝合金表面,控制合适的喷涂工艺参数得到Al₂O₃/Ni复合涂层,实验测试研究Al₂O₃量对涂层组织和摩擦性能的影响。研究结果表明:与原始粉末相比,对涂层XRD测试发现形成强度很高的Ni衍射峰,Al₂O₃相发生了峰强度减小。在涂层内形成了灰色的Ni组织区,Al与Al₂O₃则呈现黑色的状态。逐渐提高Al₂O₃加入量后,形成了更多的黑色组织。涂层获得了比2219基体更高的硬度,相对于基体组织提高了3倍以上,提高Al₂O₃加入量后涂层硬度获得提升。涂层内含有的Al₂O₃比例提高后,涂层发生了摩擦系数和磨损率降低。当Al₂O₃含量继续增加后,形成较多氧化物,表现为氧化磨损。随着Al₂O₃含量的增加,氧化磨损程度表现出增加变化。     

Al2O3包覆Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2富锂正极材料的电化学性能

用溶胶凝胶法制备了Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂富锂锰基正极材料,用均匀沉淀法对其进行不同比例Al₂O₃的表面包覆改性,并对其进行XRD、TEM表征和电化学性能分析。结果表明,包覆后的材料保持了原来的层状结构,Al₂O₃均匀地包覆在材料颗粒表面形成纳米级包覆层。在0.1C、2.0~4.8 V条件下Al₂O₃包覆量(质量分数)为0.7%的正极材料首次放电容量为251.3 mAh/g,首次库仑效率达到76.1%,100次循环后容量保持率达92.9%。包覆Al₂O₃抑制了循环过程中的电压衰减,适量的Al₂O₃包覆使正极材料的电化学性能提高。     

Formation of MgAl2O4 in Al2O3-(Al-4wt.%Mg) composites

The Al₂O₃ particles are introduced into the Al-4wt.%Mg melt by the “vortex” method. After being cast, Al₂O₃-(Al-4wt.%Mg) composites are remelted at 700, 750, 800 and 850°C for different residence times to investigate the formation of MgAl₂O₄ (spinel).

The results show that MgAl₂O₄ is the unique interface of the Al₂O₃-(Al---Mg) composites held at 700–850°C. Fine MgAl₂O₄ crystals grow on the surface of the Al₂O₃ particle but, as the holding temperature and the residence time increase, some spinels will form themselves into pyramidal shape. The MgAl₂O₄ grows not only at the matrix-particle interface but also on the surface of the composite specimens. The formation reactions of interfacial MgAl₂O₄ are as follows: Mg(1) + 2Al(1) + 2O₂(g) = MgAl₂O₄(s)3Mg(1) + 4Al₂O₃(s) = 3MgAl₂O₄(s) + 2Al(1) Both of them are equally important.