基于自适应核密度估计的运动目标检测

在计算机视频监控系统中,主要的目的是在摄像机固定的视频图像中检测出运动目标,在诸多检测方法中最常用的是减背景技术。减背景技术的关键是背景建模,噪声的干扰、检测方法的自适应性、模型的正确性等问题都是在背景建模过程中必须解决的问题。为了提高建模精度,本文提出了一个非参数化建模技术,称为自适应核密度估计,具有较好的适应性和鲁棒性。它是一种基于场景中像素的概率密度函数来构建的非参数核密度估计的统计模型。     

Scene modeling and change detection in dynamic scenes: A subspace approach

Background modeling and subtraction are core components in video processing. To this end, one aims to recover and continuously update a representation of the scene that is compared with the current input to perform subtraction. Most of the existing methods treat each pixel independently and attempt to model the background perturbation through statistical modeling such as a mixture of Gaussians. While such methods have satisfactory performance in many scenarios, they do not model the relationships and correlation amongst nearby pixels. Such correlation between pixels exists both in space and across time especially when the scene consists of image structures moving across space. Waving trees, beach, escalators and natural scenes with rain or snow are examples of such scenes. In this paper, we propose a method for differentiating between image structures and motion that are persistent and repeated from those that are “new”. Towards capturing the appearance characteristics of such scenes, we propose the use of an appropriate subspace created from image structures. Furthermore, the dynamical characteristics are captured by the use of a prediction mechanism in such subspace. Since the model must adapt to long-term changes in the background, an incremental method for fast online adaptation of the model parameters is proposed. Given such adaptive models, robust and meaningful measures for detection that consider both structural and motion changes are considered. Promising experimental results that include qualitative and quantitative comparisons with existing background modeling/subtraction techniques demonstrate the very promising performance of the proposed framework when dealing with complex backgrounds.     

交通场景中车辆的运动检测与阴影消除

提出一种算法框架实现对交通场景中运动车辆的分割。首先,提出一种基于颜色空间的浮动气球模型,用以解决监控场景的自适应背景建模问题,该方法解决了基于参数模型的背景建模方法无法检测驻留物体的问题,并可有效适应监控场景中的光照变化以实现自适应更新;其次,针对通过背景建模和背景差分得到的运动前景区域包含运动车辆阴影问题,提出一种新的阴影检测算法,该算法采用多特征融合的方法实现了对运动车辆的分割。实验结果分析表明,与其他方法相比,该算法框架在背景建模和阴影检测方法具有较好的效果。     

基于FPGA的混合高斯背景建模实现

为了解决PC机上高清视频运动目标检测的实时性瓶颈问题,设计了一种基于FPGA的运动目标检测系统.系统采用基于自适应混合高斯背景模型的背景差分法,对环境扰动具有很好的适应性.本设计应用于1 280×1 024高清视频的运动目标检测,针对硬件实现的特点,对OpenCV混合高斯背景模型算法进行改进和适当的参数定点化,设计了适...     

Statistical background model-based target detection

This paper proposes a statistical background modeling framework to deal with the issue of target detection, where the global and local information is utilized to achieve more accurate detection of moving objects. Specifically, for the target detection problem under illumination change conditions, a novel self-adaptive Gaussian mixture model mixed with the global information is utilized to construct a statistical background model to detect moving objects; for the target detection problem under dynamic background conditions, the self-tuning spectral clustering method is first utilized to cluster background images, and then the kernel density estimation method mixed with the local information is utilized to construct a statistical background model to detect moving objects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can improve the detection performance under illumination change conditions or dynamic background conditions.     

基于低秩稀疏分解的自适应运动目标检测算法

传统的低秩稀疏分解方法使用[l1]范数把场景中的运动目标建模为稀疏离群值,分离出低秩的背景成分与稀疏的运动目标成分。然而,在许多实际场景中往往会有动态背景的情形（例如水面波纹、树木摇动）,[l1]范数并不能区分出这些干扰与真实目标,从而大大影响检测效果。实际上,运动目标区域中的像素不仅仅具有稀疏性,还具有空间分布上的连续性。通过引入空间融合稀疏约束,在空间连续性和稀疏性两方面对运动目标进行建模,使模型更符合目标像素的分布规律。同时,设计了一种自适应的参数更新方法,使算法的鲁棒性进一步提升。在公共数据集上的大量实验表明,相比于传统方法,该算法在准确率和鲁棒性方法有很大提高。     

混合高斯模型和帧间差分相融合的自适应背景模型

提出了运动目标检测中背景动态建模的一种方法。该方法是在Stauffer等人提出的自适应混合高斯背景模型基础上,为每个像素构建混合高斯背景模型,通过融入帧间差分把每帧中的图像区分为背景区域、背景显露区域和运动物体区域。相对于背景区域,背景显露区中的像素点将以大的更新率更新背景模型,使得长时间停滞物体由背景变成运动前景时,被遮挡的背景显露区被快速恢复。与Stauffer等人提出的方法不同的是,物体运动区不再构建新的高斯分布加入到混合高斯分布模型中,减弱了慢速运动物体对背景的影响。实验结果表明,在有诸多不确定性因素的序列视频中构建的背景有较好的自适应性,能迅速响应实际场景的变化。     

基于YCbCr的自适应混合高斯模型背景建模

混合高斯模型是最常用的背景建模方法之一,但是它的精确度是以耗时为代价的,且它在RGB颜色空间进行背景建模时,对噪声的处理效果一般。因此,对混合高斯模型进行改进,提出了一种基于YCbCr的自适应混合高斯模型背景建模方法。首先,将建模颜色空间从RGB转换到YCbCr;然后,采用自适应选择策略来确定混合高斯模型的高斯成分个数;最后,将高斯成分按照关键字的值进行排序,以确定背景模型。将提出的建模方法应用于运动目标检测,实验结果表明,提出的方法与混合高斯模型背景建模相比,运动目标检测的检测结果更准确,耗时更少。     

A Nonparametric Adaptive Tracking Algorithm Based on Multiple Feature Distributions

This paper presents an object tracking framework based on the mean-shift algorithm, which is a nonparametric technique that uses statistical color distribution of objects. Tracking objects through highly similar-colored background is one of the problems that need to be addressed. In various cases where object and background color distributions are very similar, the color distribution obtained from single frame alone is not sufficient to track objects reliably. To deal with this problem, the proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptive statistical background and foreground modeling to detect the change due to motion using kernel density estimation techniques based on multiple recent frames. The use of multiple frames supplies more information than single frame and thus it provides more accurate modeling of both background and foreground. In addition to color distribution, this statistical multiple frame-based motion representation is integrated into a modified mean-shift algorithm to create more robust object tracking framework. The use of motion distribution provides additional discriminative power to the framework. The superior performance with quantitative results of the framework has been validated using experiments on synthetic and real sequence of images     

Object detection based on a robust and accurate statistical multi-point-pair model

In this paper, we propose a robust and accurate background model, called grayscale arranging pairs (GAP). The model is based on the statistical reach feature (SRF), which is defined as a set of statistical pair-wise features. Using the GAP model, moving objects are successfully detected under a variety of complex environmental conditions. The main concept of the proposed method is the use of multiple point pairs that exhibit a stable statistical intensity relationship as a background model. The intensity difference between pixels of the pair is much more stable than the intensity of a single pixel, especially in varying environments. Our proposed method focuses more on the history of global spatial correlations between pixels than on the history of any given pixel or local spatial correlations. Furthermore, we clarify how to reduce the GAP modeling time and present experimental results comparing GAP with existing object detection methods, demonstrating that superior object detection with higher precision and recall rates is achieved by GAP.     

摄像机自由运动环境下的背景建模

提出了在摄像机运动情况下使用多层Homography匹配算法进行背景建模的方法。该方法中,场景可以被看作由多个平面所组成,使用RANSAC方法找到场景中不同的平面,即多层Homography。每个像素点肯定在某个平面上,通过所属平面相应的Homography变换,就能使相邻两帧重叠视野中的像素点进行匹配,这样就能对场景进行背景建模。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地在摄像机运动环境中进行像素点级别的背景建模。     

An improved statistical approach for moving object detection in thermal video frames

In a video surveillance system, background modeling is assumed to be a fundamental technique for moving object detection. The surveillance system based on thermal video overcomes many challenges, such as background variations, varying light intensity, external illumination source, and so on. This paper presents a new method for background modeling and background subtraction. The method utilizes the combined approach of Fisher's Linear Discriminant and Relative Entropy for pixel based classification and detection of moving objects in thermal video frames. The experimental results show the higher average value of various performance indicators like Accuracy, ROC, and F-measure. In contrast, the percentage of false classification and total error is minimum and also has lesser execution time. The method outperforms when compared with the other existing methods.

     

桥区运动船舶的检测和跟踪

基于桥区的场景特点,提出一种基于自适应纹理特征的运动船舶目标检测跟踪算法。算法采用基于改进的局部二值模式（LBP）纹理特征取代亮度特征,在此基础上建立可实时更新的LBP背景,以背景模型方法提取船舶运动目标前景,并以简单的近邻方法实现对其跟踪。实验表明该方法通过目标检测与跟踪可实现对船舶运动的监控,算法准确性好,精度高,可为桥梁安全保护提供有效的技术支撑。     

基于动态阈值对称差分和背景差法的运动对象检测算法

提出一种基于动态阈值对称差分和背景差法的运动对象检测算法.首先通过建立一个基于统计的可靠背景更新模型,由背景差法得到基本准确的前景图像;然后与用对称差分法得到的差分图像综合;最后得到完整可靠的运动目标图像.中间采用了一种动态的最优阈值获取方法,然后用形态学滤波和连通区域面积检测进行后处理,以消除噪声和背景扰动带来的影响,并用区域填充算法来填补目标区域的小孔,从而将视频序列中的运动目标比较可靠地检测出来.实验结果表明,该方法快速、准确,有一定的实际应用价值.     

带有运动目标的复杂背景的提取

针对带有运动目标的复杂场景的背景抽取问题,采用了一种自适应背景建模算法,将运动目标看作是一个对背景图像的随机扰动,利用一段连续的图像序列经过中值滤波来消除运动对象的影响,而且当场景中发生动态变化时可同时对背景图像进行及时地更新。     

面向软件行为和多视点的需求建模方法

提出一种面向软件行为和多视点的需求建模方法,包括建模步骤和建模语言.其中目标系统根据问题域以及视点源被划分成视点.视点在需求模型中以实体的方式存在,每个视点通过从需求规格说明中提取的场景来描述,作为需求模型基本组成单位的场景模型则通过基本的行为复合而成.分析了基于行为和多视点的需求建模过程,讨论了需求建模语言:行为描述语言的语法和语义,并给出相关实例分析以及所实现的建模工具简介.     

High dynamic adaptive mobility network model and performance analysis

Since mobile networks are not currently deployed on a large scale, research in this area is mostly by simulation. Among other simulation parameters, the mobility model plays a very important role in determining the protocol performance in MANET. Based on random direction mobility model, a high dynamic adaptive mobility network model is proposed in the paper. The algorithms and modeling are mainly studied and explained in detail. The technique keystone is that normal distribution is combined with uniform distribution and inertial feedback control is combined with kinematics, through the adaptive control on nodes speed and prediction tracking on nodes routes, an adaptive model is designed, which can be used in simulations to produce realistic and dynamic network scenarios. It is the adaptability that nodes mobile parameters can be adjusted randomly in threedimensional space. As a whole, colony mobility can show some rules. Such random movement processes as varied speed and dwells are simulated realistically. Such problems as sharp turns and urgent stops are smoothed well. The model can be adapted to not only common dynamic scenarios, but also high dynamic scenarios. Finally, the mobility model performance is analyzed and validated based on random dynamic scenarios simulations.     

复杂背景下的自适应前景分割算法

复杂背景下的运动前景分割是计算机视觉领域研究的一个重点研究问题。为了对复杂背景下的运动前景进行有效分割,提出了一种复杂背景下自适应前景分割算法。该算法 的背景模型是由一系列聚类和聚类的权重构成。每个聚类表示背景的一个历史状态,并能够根据背景的变化,自适应创建、更新或删除聚类,使得背景模型能够准确反映出场景的 变化。每个聚类权重是根据聚类的大小和更新时间自动确定的。为了自动确定该方法的重要阈值,还提出一种基于非参数密度估计的阈值估计方法,并在不同的场景下与多个背景 建模方法进行了比较, 实验结果表明,该算法是有效的。     

A Competitive Neural Network for Multiple Object Tracking in Video Sequence Analysis

Tracking of moving objects in real situation is a challenging research issue, due to dynamic changes in objects or background appearance, illumination, shape and occlusions. In this paper, we deal with these difficulties by incorporating an adaptive feature weighting mechanism to the proposed growing competitive neural network for multiple objects tracking. The neural network takes advantage of the most relevant object features (information provided by the proposed adaptive feature weighting mechanism) in order to estimate the trajectories of the moving objects. The feature selection mechanism is based on a genetic algorithm, and the tracking algorithm is based on a growing competitive neural network where each unit is associated to each object in the scene. The proposed methods (object tracking and feature selection mechanism) are applied to detect the trajectories of moving vehicles in roads. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed system compared to the standard Kalman filter.     

自适应特征融合的相关滤波跟踪算法

为提高复杂背景下目标跟踪的鲁棒性,提出一种基于相关滤波的自适应特征融合目标跟踪算法.在HOG特征基础上,增加HSV颜色概率直方图,以此获得准确的位置预测.然后分别训练颜色名和HOG特征,并根据两个响应图的峰值自适应地分配融合系数,进而基于尺度池方法,采用多通道特征实现目标的尺度估计.模型的高置信度更新由两个响应图的平均...