喷气织机生产弹力竹节织物的技术要点

探讨在ZAX-e型喷气织机上生产弹力竹节织物的生产技术要点。经纱采用竹节纱,纬纱采用弹力竹节纱,认为生产中的难点是经纱易断裂、易产生毛羽、易起球,纬纱易退捻、易断裂等从而导致引纬失效,产生纬向停台以及纬缩疵点。提出要根据织物风格合理选择竹节形态、经纱捻度、纬纱捻度,在织造工序合理设定喷气压力、适当增加上机张力、采用一个主喷嘴等,可使织机效率达到83%左右。     

竹节纱的设计生产及来样织物分析

近年来竹节面料以其独特的风格赢得了用户青睐，有弹力竹节纱、包芯竹节纱、AB竹节纱和彩点竹节纱等，被广泛用于服装及装饰用织物，如窗帘、沙发罩、床罩、车用装饰织物等。客户经常会寄来竹节纱布样，要求按样加工生产，竹节的长短不同、粗细不同、间隔不同，会影响到布的织物风格，布样分析和准确把握织物风格便成了关键的环节。     

弹力竹节纱捻度循环规律及测量方法

弹力竹节纱作为花式纱中品种繁多的一类，视觉效应独树一帜。中国没有弹力竹节纱捻度测量的相关标准，这给弹力竹节纱力学性能的评定和织物成型带来诸多技术难题。提出一种弹力竹节纱的捻度测量方法：在(0.75±0.10)cN/tex张力条件下，将自然伸直的纱线均匀缠绕于标准黑板上，再置于视频显微镜下采集图像，测得捻角和纱线直径后通过公式换算得出捻度。结果显示：该方法可以测量不同张力下弹力竹节纱的捻度；与直接计数法、退捻加捻法相结合，还可以分析捻度循环的总长度、弹力竹节纱捻度的分布规律以及捻度分布对纱线强力的影响。     

仿竹节纱织物的组织设计与生产

介绍了仿竹节纱织物的组织设计及其生产工艺 ,仿竹节纱织物由于生产难度较竹节纱织物低 ,并能用于各种厚度织物的生产 ,具有广阔的市场前景。     

仿竹节纱织物的组织设计与生产

本文介绍了仿竹节纱织物的组织设计及其生产工艺,仿竹节纱织物由于生产难度较竹节纱织物低,并能用于各种厚度织物的生产,具有广阔的市场前景。     

棉粘胶莫代尔混纺弹力牛仔织物的生产

总结棉粘胶莫代尔混纺弹力牛仔织物的生产要点。以赛络纺棉/粘胶/莫代尔50/30/20 53 tex竹节纱为经纱,赛络纺棉36 tex(T 8.3 tex+Pu 4.4 tex)双丝包芯纱为纬纱,生产弹力牛仔织物;介绍了纺纱生产的注意事项;介绍了经纱染色的关键点及工艺参数,保证染色的均匀性;控制好浆纱工艺,避免上浆不良问题的产生;优化织造工艺,保证产品的顺利生产;后整理控制好烧毛与预缩工艺;最终使牛仔织物顺利生产,织物质量指标较好。认为:通过工艺优化,可保证弹力牛仔织物弹性适度、手感舒适。     

干纺亚麻弹力竹节纱生产工艺实践

为了保持亚麻纱的雨点状竹节风格,弥补亚麻织物起皱的缺点,试验开发了干纺亚麻弹力竹节纱产品,对纺纱工艺进行了研究.结果表明:亚麻弹力竹节纱纺纱关键是梳棉除杂、竹节控制及捻度调整,采取了相关工艺技术措施后成纱质量达到了要求.     

仿竹节纱织物的组织设计与生产

介绍了仿竹节纱织物的组织设计及其生产工艺，仿竹节纱织物由于生产难度较竹节纱织物低，并能用于各种厚度织物的生产，具有广阔的市场前景。     

弹力灯芯绒织造

近年来国际市场上流行的弹力灯芯绒,因为生产工艺复杂,只有美国、日本、西德等国能生产。我厂在上海手帕一厂与上棉二厂的大力配合下,首次试制成功纬向与经向弹力灯芯绒织物。现把生产情况概述如下。     

日本生产轻型弹力织物

美国是日本出口的主要市场,而美国只能满足国内针织弹力织物的需求量,几乎没有生产机织弹力织物能力,并且需求量也很小。然而目前美国运动衣面料市场对机织弹力织物的需求量正逐步增加,成了日本制造商的目标。出口市场的大多数机织弹力织物如弹力牛仔布、弹力灯芯绒的重量为400～430克/米~2,日本制造商开始生产重量小于270克/米~2的弹力灯芯绒织物,但其整理很困难。随着轻型化的弹力织物的出现,日本试图以此来扩大它的运动衣面料市场。然而,由于巴西和台湾省生产弹力织物重量仅为250克/米~2,故日本将使弹力织物进一步轻型化,其重量只有80克/米~2。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.