针状电极作用下的微细通道流动沸腾传热

为探究电场对微细通道流动沸腾传热的影响,设计了一种针状电极布置方案将电场引入到微细通道中,以制冷剂R141b为实验工质,在设计系统压力为140kPa、入口温度为32.5℃工况下进行流动沸腾实验。研究结果表明：电场对制冷剂R141b在微细通道内的流动沸腾传热效果有显著影响,引入电场会导致过冷沸腾起始点（ONB点）提前,强化了传热效果,相对于无电场的情况,250V、550V、850V这3种电压下达到ONB点所需过热度分别减小了0.6℃、1.26℃、1.78℃;电场能够显著强化位于ONB点后下游区域的沸腾传热,局部传热系数随着电压的增大而增大,在本实验工况下局部沸腾传热系数最大提高了89.7%;将3种传热模型进行对比,发现Sun-Mishima模型预测效果最好,引入电压参数U对其修正,修正后的模型能更好预测本实验工况下的传热系数实验值,平均绝对误差为12.2%。     

釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型

通过对管束壳侧循环流动沸腾传热的分析，提出了管束沸腾传热的薄层蒸发传热增强贡献的计算公式，建立了釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型，利用此模型，对管束传热系数及循环流速进行了模拟计算。验证结果表明，由本模型计算所得管束沸腾传热系数与实验结果吻合较好。     

垂直管内降膜沸腾传热的研究

本文提出了降膜沸腾传热的物理模型和数学模型,全面考虑了对流流动与核式沸腾对膜传热系数的影响,以及液体流动对液膜内核式沸腾的抑制作用。该模型计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

混合物流动沸腾传热研究

引言由于热泵技术发展的需要,多组分混合物流动沸腾传热的计算方法已成为当前传热研究的前沿课题．经研究发现当前的流动沸腾传热模型并非都能适用于多组分的计算．比如,加和模型由于抑制因子S与混合工质的种类及组成有关,而当前又尚未研究出一个通用算式,故使该模型在用于多组分混合物流动沸腾传热时遇到困难．造成困难的主要原因是混合物流动沸腾传热过程中传质阻力的影响不容忽视,然而混合物传质系数的计算又非常困难,目前尚无可用于实际系统的理论方法,实验数据也很少,还停留在经验阶段．近些年虽然对流动沸腾传质阻力的校正提…     

两相热虹吸循环蒸发侧传热模型比较

两相热虹吸换热器在工业领域应用广泛,其制冷剂内侧的传热过程是热虹吸管设计的基础。然而由于沸腾传热和两相流动的复杂性,基于实验的经验传热模型各自差异很大且适用范围有限,给热虹吸管建模时传热模型选取带来了一定的困难。建立了稳态两相热虹吸循环分布式参数模型,利用5篇文献中4种工质共424个热虹吸管传热实验数据点,对热虹吸管中常用的7种传热模型进行比较评价,为模型选取提供参考。结果发现:Kandlikar流动沸腾模型和Rahmatollah拟合的热虹吸管传热模型模拟精度最好,推荐使用;Cooper池沸腾也有较好的精度,说明核态沸腾在热虹吸管传热中占主导地位; Gungor and Winterton、Liu and Winterton等常用的流动沸腾模型模拟精度差别不大,误差尚可接受;Imura池沸腾模型不适用于热虹吸管传热模拟。     

制冷工质流动沸腾数值模拟中源项模型的研究进展

作为描述流动沸腾过程物理现象的核心,源项在流动沸腾的数值模拟研究中起着至关重要的作用,主要体现在：①反映流动沸腾过程的传热、传质机理;②描述沸腾传热、两相流动特征;③影响数值计算稳定性。源项模型的准确性、适用性及稳定性对于制冷工质流动沸腾机理的数值研究具有重要意义。本文通过文献综述的方法,对现有源项模型进行了梳理。首先从源项在数值模拟中的角色入手,对现有针对流动沸腾数值模拟的源项模型进行归纳;其后分别从纯工质、混合工质两方面对源项模型的研究进展进行具体综述,分析了典型模型（如动力学模型、标量场模型、扩散模型等）的优缺点;同时对源项模型的典型验证方法进行系统总结,包括标准模型验证法、实验验证法。在此基础上,指出了流动沸腾数值模拟中源项模型的发展方向。     

汽液固三相流动沸腾传热计算与实验研究

对汽液固三相循环流化床中流动沸腾传热进行了理论分析和实验研究 ,在此基础上结合渐进模型及表面更新机理建立了汽液固三相流动沸腾传热模型 ,模型计算值和实验数据吻合较好 ,最大偏差在 18%以内     

三维竖直圆管内流动沸腾的数值模拟

沸腾传热及气液两相流动都是常见的物理现象,其流动形式及传热机理复杂.文章借助于CFX流体计算平台,模拟了水在三维竖直圆管内的过冷流动沸腾过程,给出管内流体状态参数的变化规律.得到沿管长的气相体积分数的变化规律,沿管长沸腾传热系数的变化趋势,明显地看到沸腾对传热的强化作用,得到径向液体温度分布情况.对过冷流动沸腾的内在机...     

流动沸腾传热的矢量合成模型

初步分析在论文中提出的新模型的理论基础,并改进流动沸腾传热中对流蒸发项的计算,利用杨伟构造的渐进加和模型计算窄矩形流道中流动沸腾传热的对流蒸发项;还利用所提出的矢量合成模型预测了圆管内的流动沸腾传热系数。实验数据关联表明,所构造的模型适合窄矩形流道和圆管流道内流动沸腾传热系数的计算。     

MVR蒸发器管内沸腾传热传质数值模拟

建立了MVR升膜循环蒸发器管内沸腾蒸发传热传质三维物理模型,采用标准k-ε湍流模型、多相流混合模型和C语言编写气液两相之间质量传递和能量传递的自定义函数,对光管和波纹管内氨基酸废水溶液的沸腾蒸发传热传质特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到了光管和波纹管内湍流强度、温度场、相变含气率和平均沸腾传热系数的分布规律,比较了光管和波纹管内流体的流动和传热传质特性,分析了不同管壁加热温度和进口流速对沸腾传热性能的影响。结果表明,采用MVR升膜循环蒸发器可以实现氨基酸废水溶液的低温负压沸腾蒸发操作,传热管的结构对流体的流动和传热传质有影响,波纹管与光管相比可使平均沸腾传热系数提高2.2倍。     

微小通道内流动沸腾换热的预测新模型

为了得到适用于微小通道内流动沸腾换热的预测方法,本文以近些年发表的9篇文献中的2924个实验数据点组成数据库,考虑到随着通道直径减小,表面张力对微小通道内两相流动和换热的影响起到主要作用,将Chen形式的换热模型中的核态沸腾和对流换热两部分的修正系数进行了优化。沸腾抑制系数和对流增强系数由气相韦伯数、两相雷诺数、沸腾数、气泡抑制数等量纲为1数组成,反映出了表面张力、水力直径、流动条件、热力条件对于换热的综合影响。结果表明,拟合出的微小通道中沸腾换热的新模型,适于预测水力直径3 mm以下的细管道中CHF（临界热流密度）点以前的换热系数。与实验数据比较,新模型预测的平均绝对误差为19.0%。     

FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER IN A NEW VAPOR-LIQUID-SOLID THREE-PHASE CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED EVAPORATOR

In order to enhance heat transfer and solve the fouling problems in boiling processes, a boiling system was designed by adding solid particles to the boiling liquid. In this paper, both theoretical analyses and experimental studies on the flow boiling heat transfer in a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator were carried out. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer characters of this three-phase flow boiling, a mathematical model for predicting the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator was developed. The experiments show that, in the presence of solid particles the flow boiling heat transfer is enhanced and is about 2 times that of the vapor-liquid two-phase one. The predicted results of the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients agreed well with the experimental data.     

FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER WITH FLUIDIZED SOLID PARTICLES

In order to solve the fouling problems in boiling processes,a boiling system was designedby adding solid particles to the boiling liquid In this paper.both theoretical analyses andexperimental studies on the boiling heat transfer in such a three-phase flow boiling were carried out.Based on the analysis of heat transfer characters of this three-phase flow boiling,a mathematical mod-el for the heat transfer coefficient of flow boiling was developed.The experiments show that,in thepresence of particles the boiling heat transfer is enhanced and is about 2 times that of the vaporliquid two phase one with better flow stability.The fluidized particles rub the heat transfer wall toprevent and to clean the fouling.     

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Vapor-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Boiling Flow of Binary Mixtures

Experimental studies on vapor-liquid-solid three-phase flow boiling heat transfer and overall pressure drop of ethanol-water binary mixtures in a vertical tube with solid particles added were carried out. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of this three-phase flow boiling, a mathematical model for predicting the three-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of ethanol-water binary mixtures was developed. The results show that with the presence of inert solid particles in binary mixtures, flow boiling heat transfer is enhanced and is about twice that of vapor-liquid two-phase heat transfer. The predicted results of the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of ethanol-water binary mixtures agreed well with the experimental data.     

水平细圆管内非共沸混合工质的流动沸腾

以非共沸混合工质R32/R134a为实验工质,进行了水平细圆管内流动沸腾换热实验.在获取大量实验数据的基础上,分析了质量干度、热通量和质量通量密度对沸腾换热的影响,讨论了各种工况下的换热机理,比较分析了细圆管和常规管道内流动沸腾换热性能.实验结果表明：在本实验范围内,水平细圆管内流动沸腾换热主要受热通量的影响,绝大部分实验工况下核态沸腾占主导地位.尺度效应是引起微细通道内流动沸腾换热特性不同于常规管道的主要原因.     

三相流沸腾传热

对三相流沸腾传热进行了理论分析和实验研究，研究了三相流沸腾传热特性，提出了三相流沸腾传热系数的计算方法，实验结果表明，由于固体粒子的存在，强化了沸腾传热，三相流沸腾传热系数是相同条件下汽－液两相流沸腾传热系数的两倍。固体粒子的存在，能有效地防止和清除传热壁面上的污垢。     

Investigation of flow boiling in circulating three-phase fluidised bed: Part I: Experiments and results

In flow boiling apparatus, fouling is frequently a problem. Mechanical methods to mitigate fouling include the impact of solids on the deposit to remove it. Solid particles fluidised by the two-phase boiling mixture may accomplish sufficient deposit removal to keep boiling surfaces clean. This results in a self-cleaning fluidised bed boiling heat exchanger. The particles additionally enhance the heat transfer. In this paper, a comprehensive investigation of three-phase fluidised flow boiling in a circulating system is presented. A test apparatus which is a three-phase circulating fluidised bed was built with glass construction to visualise boiling phenomena in a water system. It could also be operated as a two-phase system and this was investigated to provide the basis for comparison and also to verify reproducibility and confirm well-established flow boiling results. For the three-phase system (where steel particles were added), a range of liquid flowrates and heat fluxes was used and three different particle sizes were investigated. Three-phase results were compared with two-phase results. This work is primarily a study of boiling heat transfer enhancement as a result of addition of particles, but the effect of the particles creating a self-cleaning heat exchanger is a significant operational advantage for industrial application.As expected, heat transfer coefficients were higher overall for the three-phase system than for the two-phase system. The onset of nucleate boiling was independent of heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient initially increased with increasing Reynolds number whereafter there was some deterioration of heat transfer. Visualisation of boiling heat transfer phenomena for the three-phase system is also provided which allows mechanistic explanations of the measured phenomena.In Part II of this paper, a correlation is developed, based on boiling heat transfer modelling, to describe heat transfer during boiling in a three-phase circulating fluidised bed. A flow-dependent function is added as is a boiling heat transfer enhancement factor. This correlation is validated against this experimental data and found to show agreement within about 20% and better agreement with the data than an existing correlation.     

超疏水/亲水性结构表面流动沸腾传热实验研究

用激光烧蚀方法在抛光后的铜上制备出四种无需涂覆修饰即可获得超疏水/亲水性的规则微阵列结构表面。基于流动可视化与温度数据结果,分析了表面浸润性和过冷度对流动沸腾传热性能的影响,与经典汽化核心密度关联式进行了对比。结果表明：疏水表面可削弱单相对流传热,大幅强化沸腾传热,最大传热系数提高了75.5%,沸腾起始点提前3.5 K,且汽化核心数目较裸铜表面提高了5倍以上,但有较低的临界热通量。超亲水表面可增强单相对流传热、小幅度提升流动沸腾传热。对比亲水表面与疏水表面的气泡生长过程,发现疏水表面尾端气泡容易汇聚,生长周期较长;而亲水表面没有发生明显的气泡汇聚行为,气泡生长周期较短。     

三相循环流化床中沸腾传热特性

提出了一种新型蒸发沸腾传热方式,即汽液固三相循环流化床沸腾传热。实验表明:该传热方式具有强化传热和防、除垢效果;其传热系数比汽液两相流沸腾传热膜系数高1.5～2.0倍,并能长期保持传热壁面的洁净。实验中研究了不同种类的固体粒子(玻璃球、陶瓷球、钛粒和钢球)、粒子体积分率、液相流速以及加热蒸汽压力等因素对循环流化床沸腾传热的影响。