影响陶瓷坯体烧结的因素分析

从理论和实践两个方面阐述了原料颗粒度,添加剂的引入,烧成气氛,压力,温度与时间,烧结相生质等因素对坯体烧结的影响,并对诸因素进行了定性或定量分析。     

高耐磨性刚玉陶瓷

1.前言随着结构材料性能要求的不断提高以及生产成本的降低,致使一些工艺设备、机械及仪器设计者把注意力转向陶瓷原料。陶瓷结构材料包括在内的技术陶瓷,目前在世界范围内有了很大的发展,主要有金属氧化物陶瓷材料(Al_2O_3和ZrO_2),还有SiC,Si_3N_4,赛隆等非金属氧化物。     

晶粒大小及孔结构对氧化铝陶瓷耐磨性的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜研究了氧化铝陶瓷中Al2O3晶体的大小、均匀程度和孔结构对氧化铝陶瓷耐磨性的影响,指出了采取有效措施控制Al2O3晶体长大和使微孔小而均匀是提高氧化铝陶瓷耐磨性的主要途径。     

工程陶瓷的磨损机理与氧化铝陶瓷耐磨性的提高

文章简单介绍了几种典型工程陶瓷的磨损理。探讨了通过改善工艺条件。提高氧化铝陶瓷的耐磨性。     

氧化铝陶瓷物理性能及耐磨性的试验研究

主要研究了氧化铝含量不同的高铝（及刚玉）瓷的物理性能，着重讨论了氧化铝瓷的耐磨性能，研究结果表明，尽管７５氧化铝瓷性能不如９５瓷，但其成本低，性能价格比高，矿在不太荷刻条件下的应用效果更好。     

ZrO2增韧Al2O3陶瓷耐磨性的研究

本文对五种不同含量ZrO_2增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷在磨粒磨损条件下的耐磨性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,ZrO_2增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷的磨损机理不同于金属,它并不是简单的显微切削机理或犁沟机理,其耐磨性与陶瓷的硬度和弹性模量没有单调的依赖关系,而与材料的断裂韧性和抗弯强度呈现比较一致的趋向关系。扫描电镜对摩擦表面和抗弯断口的对比观测表明,ZrO_2增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷磨损破坏机理属于一次性脆性断裂机理。因此,欲提高该陶瓷的耐磨性应当着重于提高陶瓷的韧性和强度。利用ZrO_2的马氏体相变,可望提高陶瓷的韧性和强度,故可望提高Al_2O_3基陶瓷的耐磨性。     

提高陶瓷釉面耐磨性和耐久性的几个途径

文章分别从提高釉料晶相及玻璃相的耐磨性二个方面，论述了往釉中添加耐磨介质和在冷却过程中从釉中析出耐磨晶相来提高晶相的耐磨性，并将碱土金属玻璃替代釉中碱金属玻璃以提高玻璃相的耐磨性，从而达到提高整个釉面的耐磨性。耐久性包括抗水性、抗酸性及抗碱性。其主要原因是大气中的水分、碳酸气及碱性松质对玻璃相的侵蚀，文章分别论述了抵抗三种侵蚀的能力。     

浅述超细粉碎技术在陶瓷行业中的运用

本介绍超细粉碎技术在陶瓷行业中的作用及其主要设备。     

氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性

利用SiC和Al2O3纳米粉末在空气中通过反应烧结法制备了氧化铝陶瓷和氧化铝/0.96～8.7 2vol.%莫来石复合陶瓷。通过磨粒磨损试验测定了样品的耐磨性,观察了样品的磨损表面,测量了磨损表面的剥落面积比率。磨损率可以用磨损表面的剥落面积比率定量表示。相对于氧化铝陶瓷,氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性有很大提高,主要是由于减小了剥落面积比率。     

陶瓷膜过滤细微颗粒悬浮体系的数学模拟

通过对陶瓷膜过滤悬浮液过程中单颗粒的受力分析,获得了可沉积颗粒临界粒径(xcrit)的计算公式.计算的xcrit值与实验测定的沉积层内的粒径分布一致:随颗粒粒径的增大, xcrit呈先增大后减小的趋势. 在讨论xcrit与颗粒粒径(dp)、膜孔径(dm)关系的基础上,将微滤过程按dp/dm的比值分为三种类型:dp/dm≤1, 颗粒迅速阻塞膜孔;1＜dp/dm≤10 ,颗粒在膜表面形成连续滤饼;dp/dm》10,颗粒对膜孔口覆盖,在膜表面形成不连续滤饼.并以此为基础建立了预测陶瓷膜过滤不同粒径和粒径分布的颗粒悬浮液渗透通量的数学模型.计算结果与实验结果的比较表明:本模型对文献模型的改进之处是适用范围从1＜dp/dm≤10扩展到0.48≤dp/dm≤120;在操作压力对渗透通量的影响计算中,假设滤饼层孔隙率不变的计算结果与实验结果一致,说明此体系的滤饼是不可压缩的;在错流速率对渗透通量的影响计算中,假定滤饼层孔隙率随错流速率成指数变化的计算结果比假定沉积层孔隙率随错流速率不变的计算结果好,说明错流速率的变化同时影响滤饼层内颗粒的粒径分布和其形成的滤饼层的结构.     

陶瓷多管旋风除尘器在生物质气化工艺上的应用

为了解决生物质裂解高温燃气的除尘难题,本工作将陶瓷多管旋风除尘器应用于生物质气化工艺中的高温燃气除尘。设计制作了4管小试装置进行实验。结果表明,对于生物燃气,多管除尘器除下的灰尘中10~100μm的粉尘颗粒占93.1%,而传统旋风除尘器除下的灰尘中10~100μm的粉尘颗粒仅占19.3%。经检测和计算,除尘效率为75%。在小试基础上,设计制造了处理量为30000 m3/h的大型设备并安装于生产现场,经测试,除尘效率为69%,由此证明了多管除尘器可作为传统除尘器的有效补充。     

陶瓷粉体粒度对PZN—PZT／PVDF压电复合材料性能的影响

将铌锌锆钛酸铅（PZN—PZT）压电陶瓷粉体分散于聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）基体中,制备出0-3型PZN—PZT／PVDF压电复合材料。文中研究了PZN—PZT陶瓷不同粒度对复合材料的压电性、介电性、铁电性的影响。结果表明,当陶瓷粒度为100～150目时,压电复合材料的综合性能最佳,压电常数d33达到23．10pC／N,剩余极化强度Pr达到5．131μC·era2,矫顽场Ec为45．7lkV·cm^-1,介电常数ε。为192．86,介电损耗tanδ为0．10。     

激光光散射法测定粒度在陶瓷行业中的应用

本文介绍了激光光散射法测量粒度的原理,以及激光粒度分析仪的特点,并探讨了激光光散射法测量粒度在陶瓷生产中的应用。     

Microstructure and Composition of Primary and Recycled Single Grains of YBCO,GdBCO‐Ag,and SmBCO‐Ag Bulk Superconductors

The widespread use of single grain RE‐Ba‐Cu‐O [(RE)BCO] bulk superconductors, where RE is typically Sm, Gd, or Y, is, in part, limited by the relatively high costs of precursor powders and the low success rate of the manufacturing process. Both these problems can be addressed by recycling primary‐processed grains in which the initial growth process has failed in some way. Key to the use of recycled grains in practical applications is an assurance that their properties and performance are not inferior to those of primary grown grains. In this work, we describe the differences between the growth process, microstructure, and properties of primary and recycled (RE)BCO single grains. We observe that the mechanism of growth is the same for both primary and recycled single grain samples in all three RE‐based systems investigated. In the recycling process additional liquid‐rich phase powder is provided beneath a failed sample, whereby this liquid phase infiltrates upwards and contributes a sufficient concentration of additional RE species at the growth front to enable samples to grow relatively easily in the form of single grains by producing a more uniform composition at the growth front, which leads directly to an increased tolerance to the presence of Ag and Ce‐rich agglomerates. Importantly, we observe that the recycled samples have a much more uniform composition, and therefore exhibit more uniform superconducting properties, than single grain samples fabricated by a primary grown process.     

非均粒悬浮液的陶瓷膜错流深滤速度研究

根据使用陶瓷膜中存在的问题,并以非对称陶瓷膜结构特点为基础,提出了以陶瓷膜支撑层（深层）与膜层共同作为过滤介质的一种新的陶瓷膜错流深层过滤方式。用非均粒径高岭土悬浮液,经过自行设计的实验流程和错流过滤器,进行了陶瓷膜错流深层过滤等实验。对取得的实验数据进行分析对比,得到了在相同操作条件下新方式比传统错流膜过滤的过滤阻力...     

水泥颗粒分布对其使用性能的影响

研究了水泥的颗粒分布对I型硅酸盐水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、水化热、强度、与外加剂适应性及砂浆干缩性能的影响。研究结果表明:同一比表面积的水泥,颗粒分布越窄,则标准稠度用水量越大,凝结时间越长,1d水化热越小,1d胶砂强度越低,与外加剂适应性越差,砂浆干缩率越大。随着比表面积增大,凝结时间缩短,1d水化热增大,强度提高,砂浆干缩率增大。当颗粒分布较窄时,随着比表面积增大,1d胶砂强度增幅不大,与外加剂适应性显著变差。     

利用高铝矾土研制低温耐磨氧化铝瓷

着重介绍了以高铝矾土为主要原料的85瓷的合理配方和所采用的生产工艺，并对吸水率、体积密度、耐磨性、显微硬度、抗折强度和断裂韧性等物理性能进行了测试。还探讨了低温烧成机理、提高耐磨性的途径。结合显微结构分析了生产工艺对产品性能的影响。     

颗粒粒径和膜孔径对陶瓷膜微滤微米级颗粒悬浮液的影响

通过测定颗粒悬浮液通过陶瓷微滤膜时的参透通量及污染阻力,确定了陶瓷膜处理微米级颗粒悬浮液时,颗粒粒径和膜孔径对微滤过程的影响和膜污染机理,获得了微米级颗粒悬浮液微滤过程中膜孔径的选择方法。     

Sintering Effects on the Porous Characteristics of Functionally Gradient Ceramic Membrane Structures

A method to drain cast porous ceramics has been conceived and established, where samples were shown to have a functionally gradient cross-section with a continuously increasing mean particle size between the two principal surfaces.Ceramic discs approximately 45 mm in diameter, and 3.3 mm thick were cast by sedimentation. These green bodies were dried prior to sintering. Maximum sintering temperature and the length of the sintering soak time were varied for samples made from suspensions of both 5 and 10 volume percent solids. Mercury porosimetry was used to obtain the porosity and pore size distribution in each sample. Additionally, a number of atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were made on some samples in order to correlate bulk porous properties with those on the outside surfaces.The results showed that as the sintering temperature increased, the densification of the bodies proceeded more rapidly. In general, the longer the sintering soak time, the denser the samples became as well. For the samples prepared at the lower temperatures however, the porosity showed less of a soak time dependence. The green body had a clustered and asymmetric microstructure, which contributed to differing degrees of localized densification and coarsening effects depending on the sintering temperature. Densification effects were more pronounced with the samples made from the more concentrated suspenisions.There was an inverse correlation between the bulk and surface pore dimensions, attributable to the different size scales of particles in the two regions. The much finer surface layer particles were able to undergo some amount of densification while surface diffusion sintering mechanisms were primarily at work elsewhere in the structure.