Ni-S-Co涂层电极的制备及其电化学性能的研究

采用电沉积的方法以泡沫镍为基体制备出非晶Ni-S-Co合金电极.用电化学测试方法分析涂层的电化学行为.结果表明,较好的制备涂层电极条件为: CoSO4·7H2O掺杂浓度为10g/L,电流密度为50mA/cm2,温度为50℃,电沉积时间为40min,pH值为4.当电解电流密度为1200A/m2时,非晶Ni-S-Co合金电极的极化电位较非晶Ni-S合金电极低95mV,较Ni金属电极低405mV;根据Tafel曲线计算出Ni、非晶Ni-S以及非晶Ni-S-Co电极的表面活化能分别为49.5、40.3和38.6kJ/mol.Ni-S-Co电极具有更高的交换电流密度和更低的析氢活化能,因此具有更高的析氢催化活性.     

泡沫镍基镍硫合金涂层形貌、结构和析氢性能研究

在含有柠檬酸、硫脲和少许糖精的Watt镀液中,用电沉积的方法在镍泡沫基体上制备了镍硫合金涂层.各层涂层的形貌用SEM分析,各层硫量的分布用EDX测量.第1层涂层的结构用XRD测定.对各种电极包括镍泡沫基、镍网基上镍硫涂层电极,空白镍泡沫、镍网电极等的极氢电位进行了测量,研究了不同温度下镍泡沫基镍硫涂层电极的析氢活性.结果表明,镍泡沫基Ni-S涂层电极的析氢活性比镍网基Ni-S涂层电极活性高得多.镍泡沫各层硫量呈梯度的分布规律,由表及里硫含量逐步降低,中心层硫含量最低.各层表面微细颗粒大小及其均一性不相同,第1层的颗粒尺寸大于其它层的颗粒,其大小均一性也较其它层差.镍硫涂层是镍和Ni3S2组成的非晶态,使涂层具有丰富的表面积和氢气析出反应的活性中心.在加热的电解液中,在60℃以下和60℃以上的温区内电极析氢反应的机制不完全一样,受温度影响的程度也不一样.4000A/m2、90℃时,这种电极的析氢电位比15℃时析氢电位低180mV.     

非晶态Ni-S-Co合金的制备和电化学性能

用电沉积方法制备非晶态Ni-S-Co合金镀层,研究了镀层的电化学性能.结果表明,与非晶态Ni-S合金相比,Co的引入可提高镀层中S的含量.在析氢反应中非晶态Ni-S-Co合金电极具有很高的电化学活性,电流密度为150 mA·cm-2时其析氢过电位仅为70 mV,比非晶态Ni-S合金低20 mV.在长时间电解过程中S发生溶出反应有助于提高电极的表面粗糙程度,是提高电极析氢活性的重要原因之一.在析氢过程中,非晶态Ni-S-Co合金电极吸附大量的H原子,使反应的活化能降低,这是其析氢活性高的主要原因.非晶态Ni-S-Co合金镀层的析氢机理为电化学脱附机理,即-快速的Volmer反应(电化学步骤)和一较慢的Heyrovsky反应(电化学脱附步骤).     

Electrochemical properties of amorphous Ni-S-Co alloy in alkaline medium

用电沉积方法制备非晶态Ni-S-Co合金镀层, 研究了镀层的电化学性能. 结果表明,与非晶态Ni--S合金相比, Co的引入可提高镀层中S的含量.在析氢反应中非晶态Ni--S--Co合金电极具有很高的电化学活性,电流密度为150 mA×cm-2时其析氢过电位仅为70 mV,比非晶态Ni-S合金低20 mV.在长时间电解过程中S发生溶出反应有助于提高电极的表面粗糙程度, 是提高电极析氢活性的重要原因之一. 在析氢过程中,非晶态Ni--S--Co合金电极吸附大量的H原子, 使反应的活化能降低,这是其析氢活性高的主要原因. 非晶态Ni--S--Co合金镀层的析氢机理为电化学脱附机理,即一快速的Volmer反应(电化学步骤)和一较慢的Heyrovsky反应(电化学脱附步骤).     

复合电沉积制备（Ni-Mo）-TiO2电极及其电催化析氢性能

为开发新型廉价高效的析氢材料,用恒电流复合电沉积方法制备了(Ni-Mo)-TiO2复合电极,讨论了TiO2悬浮量和电沉积时间对电极催化析氢性能的影响.用XRD和SEM对电极的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征,以稳态极化曲线对电极的催化析氢特性进行了评价.结果表明,(Ni-Mo)-TiO2电极是纳米TiO2粒子相和纳米晶Ni-Mo固溶体相构成的复合电极.电极具有较高的催化析氢活性.在25℃、0.5mol.dm-3H2SO4溶液中其表观交换电流密度是Ni-Mo合金电极的2.6倍,是Ni电极的60倍.在电流密度为100mA·cm-2时,电极电势相对于Ni-Mo电极正移了120mV,相对于Ni电极正移了542mV.催化活性的提高源于反应机理的改变,表观活化吉布斯自由能相对于Ni-Mo合金电极降低了24.48kJ·mol-1.     

非晶态Ni—Mo—Fe合金作电解水析氢反应电极

用电沉积法制备非晶态Ｎｉ４１．５Ｍｏ５．５Ｆｅ２３．０合金电极。该合金电极在３０ｗｔ％ＫＯＨ溶液，７０℃作析氢反应阴极，实验研究结果表明，合金电极对氢的析出反应具有优良的电催化性能。在２００ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２电流密度下析氢反应过电位约９０ｍＶ，在连续电解和间歇电解条件下有良好的电化学稳定性。     

非晶态Ni－Mo－Fe合金作电解水析氢反应电极

用电沉积法制备非晶态Ｎｉ＿（４１．５）Ｍｏ＿（３５．５）Ｆｅ＿（２３．０）合金电极。该合金电极在３０ｗｔ％ＫＯＨ溶液，７０℃作析氢反应阴极，实验研究结果表明，合金电极对氢的析出反应具有优良的电催化性能。在２００ｍＡ／ｃｍ￣２电流密度下析氢反应过电位约９０ｍＶ，在连续电解和间歇电解条件下有良好的电化学稳定性。     

基于多相硫化镍铁的高效析氧电极材料（英文）

开发高效和低成本的析氧电极材料是工业电解水制氢技术发展道路上至关重要的技术难题.本文利用溶剂热方法将镍铁水滑石阵列转化为具有铁掺杂的多相硫化镍(NiS和Ni3S2)阵列,制备出一种具有高效析氧性能的电极材料.粗糙的纳米片表面有利于高活性位点的暴露.电化学分析表明其仅需要100 mV的过电位就可以达到10 mA cm^-2的电流密度,相对于镍铁水滑石阵列降低了130 mV.我们进一步通过密度泛函理论计算来揭示其活性提升机理,发现具有部分S氧化的Fe掺杂NiS可以极大地降低析氧反应中间体形成的阻力,从而加快催化反应进行,提高催化活性.另一方面,(Ni,Fe)S和(Ni,Fe)3S2与三维多孔泡沫镍结构有很好的结合作用,反应电子可以通过金属性的二硫化镍相进行高效传输,进一步加速析氧催化进程.     

金属镍铜负载钒氧化物的高效电解产氢性能

镍基电极材料是碱性电解水中最具工业应用前景的过渡金属催化剂,而其缓慢的析氢反应动力学及低活失活问题仍亟待解决。本研究以泡沫镍(NF)为基底,采用一步循环伏安法制备了主晶相为独立分相的多晶态金属镍铜合金、夹杂有少量非晶态V₂O₅相、具有三维多孔团簇结构的金属镍铜负载钒氧化物电催化剂(VO_x-NiCu/NF)。纳米颗粒、团簇交织形成的微米孔及泡沫镍的一级微孔共同构成了VO_x-NiCu/NF的三级多孔微纳结构,使其电催化活性面积增加了28倍,并在析氢反应中表现出优异的催化性能。在碱性介质中,获得-10 mA·cm^-2的析氢电流密度,VO_x-NiCu/NF需要的过电势(η₁₀)仅为35 mV,表现出类铂的催化活性,具有优异的长效稳定性及强劲的耐用性。电极表面形成的多孔团簇结构,显著增加了催化活性位点并为物质传递提供大量通道。镍铜合金及非晶态V₂O₅相,在一定程度协同改善了材料的固有析氢活性。理想的组...     

多孔Ni-WC复合电极的制备及其在酸性溶液中的电催化析氢性能

目前,关于多孔Ni-WC电极的电催化析氢(HER)性能的报道较少。以多孔海绵镍为基体,采用复合电沉积制备多孔Ni-(WC)x复合电极。运用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射仪线衍射仪(XRD)表征电极的表面形貌和微观结构,通过阴极极化、电化学阻抗(EIS)、循环伏安、计时电流法研究多孔Ni-(WC)x电极在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电催化析氢性能。结果表明:与多孔基体Ni电极相比,多孔Ni-(WC)x电极具有较低的析氢过电位、较低的电化学反应阻抗、较小的表观活化能以及较大的交换电流密度;随着镀液中WC浓度的升高,所制备的多孔Ni-(WC)x电极的电催化析氢活性增强,其中Ni-(WC)40电极的表观交换电流密度是多孔Ni基体电极的966.7倍,其表观活化能为5.95 kJ/mol,并具有较好的耐蚀性和析氢稳定性。     

Preparation of Ni–Co alloy coating on sintered NdFeB magnet by potentiodynamic electrodeposition

A protective Ni–Co alloy coating was successfully prepared on sintered neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnet via potentiodynamic electrodeposition in this paper. The microstructure and surface morphology analysis of Ni–Co alloy coating showed that the surface morphologies were quite compact and more uniform than that prepared by direct current (DC) electrodeposition; significantly, the chemical composition analysis indicated that the content of Co in the alloy coatings amounted to 33–34?wt-%. Potentiodynamic polarisation and long term immersion test results revealed that the Ni–Co alloy coating could supply excellent corrosion protection for NdFeB substrate in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. Overall, the Ni–Co alloy coating with higher Co content prepared by potentiodynamic electrodeposition exhibited better corrosion protection for sintered NdFeB magnet compared with that prepared by DC electrodeposition.     

复合电沉积法制备Ni-P-W-WC镀层及性能研究

运用电沉积法制备Ni-P-W-WC复合镀层,着重研究了制备工艺和镀层性能.以镀层中碳化钨含量、镀速和镀层外观为指标,探讨了电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液中WC含量、镀液中钨酸钠含量、镀液pH等因素影响规律,确定了复合镀层的最佳工艺条件为:以Ni为阳极、电沉积时间为40 min、镀液中WC含量为14 g/L、镀液中钨酸钠含量为120 g/L、镀液pH为4.0、电流密度是4A/dm2.并用扫描电镜、X-衍射分析仪、阳极极化曲线等手段表征了复合镀层的形貌、结构、耐蚀性、抗氧化性等性能,结果表明,与Ni-P-W复合镀层相比,Ni-P-W-WC复合镀层有良好的综合性能.     

Froth floatation integrated into electrodeposition to prepare Ni/short carbon fibers composites with network and sheet structures

A new method of electrodeposition to prepare Ni/short carbon fibers (CFs) composites with network and sheet structures is described. The key point of the electrodeposition process is to obtain a sheet like preform floating on the electrolyte surface by froth flotation. The preform was composed of short homogeneous CFs. During the electrodeposition process, the preform was uniformly coated by nickel and the coating gradually grew from cathode to anode. The electrodeposits retained the network and sheet structures. The coating thickness can be controlled by appropriate electroplating conditions. The composites of epoxy resin reinforced by the electrodeposits were prepared successfully, and its electrical resistivity and electromagnetic shielding properties are reported.     

Electrocatalytic action of nano-SiO2 with electrodeposited nickel matrix

The present work focuses on the electrocatalytic effect of nano-SiO₂ on nickel electrodeposition and chemical interaction between nano-SiO₂ and nickel in composite coating. The electrochemical behavior from n-SiO₂/Ni composite brush plating system and quick nickel solution are investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The interaction between n-SiO₂ particles and matrix metal nickel is researched by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The results show that the n-SiO₂ take part in the electrode reaction during nickel electrocrystallization and can catalyze the nickel electrodeposition. The unsaturated bond of oxygen on n-SiO₂ particles surface can capture some of the absorbed nickel atoms and form nickel–oxygen chemical bond. It is proved that the chemical binding interaction exists in the interface between nanoparticles surface and matrix metal nickel.     

Cu-Zr合金基体上的复合镀层的性能研究

利用复合电沉积的方法在Cu-Zr合金基体上沉积出含ZrO2微粒的Ni-ZrO2复合镀层,研究了镀层中的ZrO2微粒含量与镀液中ZrO2微粒含量的关系以及Ni-ZrO2合度层在高温条件下的抗高温氧化笥能和耐腐蚀性能,结果表明：Cu-Zr合金基体上镀覆的Ni-ZrO2复合镀层的抗高温气化性能和耐腐蚀性能得到了很大的提高。     

Preparation of Oil-Encapsulated Microcapsules and Tribological Property of Ni Composite Coating

Microcapsules containing oil are potential candidate materials for preparing electrocomposite coatings with excellent tribological properties. In the present study, the preparation of oil-encapsulated microcapsules and electrodeposition of Ni-microcapsule composite coating are presented along with the properties of the coating. In situ interfacial polymerization method was used for the preparation of lubricating oil-encapsulated urea-formaldehyde microcapsules. The synthesized microcapsules were incorporated into the nickel matrix by electrodeposition using Ni-Watts bath. The Ni-composite coating containing microcapsules exhibited smaller Ni grain size, higher microhardness and lower surface roughness compared to plain Ni coating. Electrodeposited Ni coating containing oil-encapsulated microcapsules exhibited improved tribological properties with lower wear loss and coefficient of friction compared to plain nickel coating.     

Distribution of sulphur and electrochemical properties of nickel sulphur coatings electrodeposited on the nickel foam as hydrogen evolution reaction cathodes

Nickel sulfur electrode was prepared on the nickel foam by electrodeposition method in a modified Watts bath into which thiourea, citric acid and a small amount of saccharin were added. The micrographs of various layers of nickel sulphur coatings were investigated by SEM. The distributions and mass contents of sulphur in nickel sulphur coatings were measured by EDX. The phase constitutions of the first layer of nickel sulphur coating were determined by XRD. The influence of current density on coating structures was studied. The hydrogen evolution potentials of various electrodes, including nickel sulphur coatings on foam and net nickel substrates, pure nickel foam and nickel net were measured. Results indicated that the distributions of sulphur contents in various layers are gradient and not homogeneous, the sizes of fine particles in various layers are not the same. XRD examinations show that the structure of the nickel sulphur coating is amorphous. With increase of current density the amorphous structures gradually increase and the crystal ones gradually decrease. In the range of sulphur contents from 18% to 18.8% the electrochemical activities of Ni–S coating electrodes are the highest. The hydrogen evolution reaction activity of amorphous Ni–S coatings on the nickel foam substrate is much higher than that on the nickel net substrate.     

喷射电沉积纳米Ni/Co多层镀层及其组织性能

目前,纳米金属多层膜的研究体系和应用范围有待扩展,镀层成形机理、强化机理等方面有待深入研究。利用喷射电沉积技术制备了不同调制周期(λ)的Ni/Co纳米多层镀层,并对镀层的表面形貌与组织、显微硬度、耐磨损性能进行了测试与分析。结果表明:多层镀层各层之间有明显界限,镀层致密均匀,与低碳钢结合牢固;随着λ的减小,Ni/Co多层镀层表面越来越致密,镀层越来越平整;Ni/Co多层镀层结构的硬度和耐磨性明显优于纯Co镀层和纯Ni镀层;λ为20 nm时,Ni/Co多层镀层的硬度和耐磨损性能最好。     

Au-Pt纳米颗粒/石墨烯-纤维素微纤维复合电极的制备与电化学性能

石墨烯和金属纳米是优异的导电纳米材料,为构建具有高效活性表面积的电化学传感界面,以玻碳电极作为导电基底,采用滴涂法结合一步电沉积成功制备了Au-Pt纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯-纤维素微纤维(Au-Pt NPs/RGO-CMF)复合材料。SEM、原子力显微镜(AFM)、EDS和拉曼光谱分析表明,Au-Pt纳米颗粒均匀分布在RGO-CMF的薄层上,同时实现了氧化石墨烯(GO)还原为RGO。以铁氰化钾作为氧化还原探针对界面的电化学性质进行研究,在优化的实验条件下(循环伏安法电沉积:电位为?1.2~0 V,周期为20,电解质pH值为6,滴涂GO-CMF体积为8 μL),得到Au-Pt NPs/RGO-CMF复合材料的高效活性表面积(3.54 cm2)远远优于裸玻碳电极(1.52 cm2)。表明构建界面具有高的电催化活性,为传感器的进一步应用提供理论支持。      

阳极氧化对炭纤维电镀镍的影响

采用阳极氧化法对炭纤维进行连续表面改性,并在其表面进行电镀镍处理,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析和酸碱滴定等方法研究了炭纤维阳极氧化前后的物理化学结构及对炭纤维电镀镍镀层的影响。结果表明:经过阳极氧化处理后,炭纤维表面的总酸性官能团提高约10倍;炭纤维拉伸强度降低先慢后快;阳极氧化可以改善镀层的生长过程,使镍镀层的生长由(V-W)模式转变为(F-M)模式,并且促使镀层晶粒细晶化,N i晶粒尺寸由14.5nm降为11.2nm,提高了镀镍炭纤维的抗氧化性以及镀层与炭纤维的结合力,阳极氧化后镀镍的炭纤维初始氧化温度较镀镍炭纤维提高了50℃。