1m望远镜俯仰轴系精度检测误差的修正

针对1 m望远镜俯仰轴系检测精度未达到系统指标,而系统运转性能优异的问题,研究了系统可能存在的可消除误差项.通过对影响1 m望远镜俯仰轴系精度的主要因素-中间体(四通)的有限元分析和运算,得出了四通在不同俯仰角度的变形曲线,并与实际检测结果进行对比,找出两者的相同特征并进行了补偿.按此方法使得望远镜俯仰轴系晃动误差PV值从2.42″降到0.95″,RMS值从0.7″降到了0.3″,提高了系统精度模型的准确性.推导出了设计过程中的检测指标,为更大口径望远镜轴系的设计和检测提供了理论依据.     

光电跟踪系统Φ1000mm主镜的装调

1 000mm口径主镜的光机装调质量直接影响望远镜光学系统的成像效果。为了改善大口径光电跟踪系统的成像质量,本文对主镜的装调技术进行了研究。首先,对影响主镜面形精度的误差进行分配;其次,结合具体的主镜支撑结构的形式,采用典型装调方法对800mm口径主镜进行详细的装调研究,实时测得主镜的面形精度;最后,综合分析产生装调误差的来源,提出了一种加工、检测、装调一体化的高精度装调方法。该方法使得1 000mm主镜在装调后的面形精度波像差RMS值达到了λ/40,在提高装调质量的情况下显著提高了装调效率。     

1m望远镜主反射镜的支撑和装配

考虑大口径光学望远镜中主反射镜的支撑精度直接影响光电探测设备的整机性能,本文根据光学系统对口径为1 000 mm的主镜的支撑精度要求和光电设备中主镜的使用情况,采用轴向和径向组合支撑的结构形式来完成对主镜的支撑,并通过有限元法对支撑位置进行理论分析和计算.实验显示,在轴向18点浮动支撑、径向3点柔性支撑的情况下,主镜能够达到较高的面形精度.针对传统装调工艺不能获得理想的面形精度,探索了新的主镜装调方法.用干涉仪对带有支撑的主镜进行实时测量并进一步进行修磨,使主镜在装配完成后达到λ/18的面形精度.该方法满足了本项目的指标要求,也为更大口径主镜的装调提供了一种新的思路.     

水平式光电望远镜目标定位误差的预测

为了确定水平式光电望远镜的各主要误差对观测精度的影响,提高望远镜的指向精度,对它的目标定位误差进行了分析。针对水平式望远镜的结构特点,通过分析从被测目标到望远镜相面产生目标定位误差的光、机、电等各种误差因素,建立了水平式望远镜目标定位测量方程。应用蒙特卡罗法进行误差仿真,预测出水平式望远镜的目标定位误差,并对各误差的敏感性进行了分析。选取敏感性高的误差项建立误差补偿模型,对实拍星体误差进行补偿实验,结果表明:补偿后经轴转角误差标准差从66.4″降低到3.3″,下降了95%;纬轴转角误差标准差从49.4″降低到5.6″,下降了89%。所用方法和模型能够对主要误差进行分析和预测,可为水平式光电望远镜的总体设计提供参考。     

水平式望远镜经纬轴垂直度误差的一种光学检测方法

水平式望远镜经轴与纬轴的不垂直度直接影响到望远镜的指向误差,准确检测出望远镜两回转轴系的垂直度误差并加以修正是非常必要的。本文以某400 mm水平式望远镜为例,针对水平式望远镜经纬两轴的特点提出了一种经纬轴垂直度误差的光学检测方法。通过检测数据计算获得该水平式望远镜的经纬两轴垂直度误差为46″,分析出检测误差为11″,借助检测数据对实际测量数据进行修正后,达到了提高望远镜指向精度的目的。     

光电经纬仪跟踪架水平轴系设计及精度分析

光电经纬仪跟踪架的轴系精度直接决定着整个设备的测量精度.针对主镜口径1m的光电经纬仪跟踪架的水平轴系,对水平轴系精度的影响因素进行了分析,通过相应设计及计算,得到跟踪架水平轴系的晃动误差RMS值≤1”,并通过对水平轴系的精度检测验证了上述结论,实现了高精度轴系的设计要求.     

大型望远镜四通变形对俯仰轴系

摘要：为了解决大型望远镜俯仰轴系检测精度不能达到系统指标,而系统运转性能却优异的问题。本文通过对影响1m望远镜俯仰轴系精度主要因素—中间体（四通）进行了有限元分析和运算,得出四通在不同俯仰角度的变形曲线,并与实际检测结果进行对比,找出两者的相同特征进行补偿。按此方法使得望远镜俯仰轴系晃动误差PV值从2.42″降到0.95″,RMS值从0.7″降到了0.3″,提高了系统精度模型的准确性。     

车载经纬仪的静态指向误差补偿

为了降低载车平台变形对经纬仪静态测角精度的影响,补偿较大变形产生的测角误差,实现移动站弹道测量,分析了平台变形对光电经纬仪静态测角误差影响的基本原理,利用固定在方位轴轴心的倾角传感器测量出因平台变形而导致的经纬仪工作基准面中心点与水平面变化的夹角,并计算其测量坐标系的变化量。建立了平台中心变形角的底部轮廓图,经过有限的平台变形采样,存入计算机,在计算机中以方位、俯仰角为输入变量建立二维查找表,通过插值计算全方位角和全俯仰角的平台变形量,进行事后补偿。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地补偿因平台变形而带来最大为142″的测角误差,使方位测角精度提高44″,俯仰测量精度提高8.5″。该方法为实现高精度车载光电测量提供了一种有效的途径。     

大口径主镜的侧向定位系统

针对采用Whiffletree式底支撑和推拉平衡重式侧支撑的大口径主镜在主镜室中的准确定位,基于运动学约束原理提出了一种大口径主镜侧向定位方法。介绍了运动学约束的基本原理,提出了一套主镜侧向定位系统实现方案,包括定位点位置的选取、柔性铰链和定位基座的设计,并设计了一种侧向定位系统。利用有限元方法,分析了设计的侧向定位系统对大口径主镜系统的位置、谐振频率和镜面面形精度等方面的影响。结果表明,使用该侧向定位系统的整个主镜系统谐振频率达到13.6Hz,光轴水平时主镜沿Y轴方向的平均位移为-355.863nm,镜面面形未受影响,所有指标均满足设计要求。实验结果验证了提出的主镜侧向定位系统设计方案对大口径望远镜主镜的支撑和定位系统设计具有工程指导意义。     

400 mm望远镜跟踪架结构设计与分析

为了满足光学望远镜在诸多新兴领域的产业化需求,结合小口径地平式光学望远镜系统,研制了一套400 mm望远镜跟踪架。首先,为了使跟踪架满足产业化需求并适宜批量生产工艺,对跟踪架进行了模块化设计,并详细说明了方位轴系、俯仰轴系结构,同时分析了轴系理论晃动误差;然后,为了使望远镜系统稳定可靠地工作,即跟踪架需具备较好的静态特性和动态特性,对跟踪架进行力学分析,分析其承载能力和模态特性;最后,为了满足望远镜的指向和跟踪性能,即跟踪架需具备较高的轴系精度,利用千分表实测方位轴系的晃动误差,利用高精度自准直经纬仪、平面反射镜实测俯仰轴系的晃动误差和两轴垂直度误差。分析结果表明,跟踪架具有较高的承载能力和较好的模态特性,其系统一阶谐振频率达到85.16 Hz。检测结果表明,跟踪架具有较高的轴系精度,方位轴系最大晃动误差为3.2″,俯仰轴系最大晃动误差为2.6″,两轴垂直度误差为2.4″。分析及测试结果表明,400 mm望远镜跟踪架结构设计合理可行,满足使用要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.